Russian Energy Sector: Inertia Strategy or Efficiency Strategy?

2007 ◽  
pp. 104-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Oriented Energy ◽  
The Given ◽  
Scenario Approach

The paper presents a vision of Russian energy future before 2020. The scenario approach is required to identify potential energy supply and demand future trajectories for Russia facing uncertainties of both global energy system evolution and domestic demographic and economic development in 2007-2020. It allows for assessing energy demand by sectors under different investment, technological and energy pricing policies favoring the least cost balancing of energy supply options and energy efficiency improvements to sustain dynamic economic growth. The given approach provides grounds for evaluation of different energy policies effectiveness. Three scenarios - "Inertia Strategy", "Energy Centrism", and "Efficiency Strategy - Four I" - integral-innovative-intellectual-individual oriented energy systems - are considered in the paper. It shows that ignorance of the last scenario escalates either energy shortages in the country or Russian economy overloading with energy supply investments both preventing from sustaining rates of economic growth which have recently been demonstrated by Russia.

scholarly journals 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios for North America—Spatial Distribution and Network Constraints

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Elmar Zozmann ◽  
Leonard Göke ◽  
Mario Kendziorski ◽  
Citlali Rodriguez del Angel ◽  
Christian von Hirschhausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
North America ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
State Level ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy System Model

The urgency to combat climate change and the widely distributed, increasingly competitive renewable resources in North America are strong arguments to explore scenarios for a renewable energy supply in the region. While the current power system of North America is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, namely natural gas, coal and oil, and some nuclear power plants, some current policies at the state level, and future federal policies are likely to push the share of different renewable sources available in Mexico, the U.S., and Canada. This paper explores three scenarios for a renewable energy supply, using a bottom-up energy system model with a high level of spatial and time granularity. The scenarios span the extremes with respect to connecting infrastructure: while one scenario only looks at state-level supply and demand, without interconnections, the other extreme scenario allows cross-continental network investments. The model results indicate that the North American continent (a) has sufficient renewable potential to satisfy its energy demand with renewables, independent of the underlying grid assumption, (b) solar generation dominates the generation mix as the least-cost option under given renewable resource availability and (c) simultaneous planning of generation and transmission capacity expansion does not result in high grid investments, but the necessary flexibility to integrate intermittent renewable generation is rather provided by the existing grid in combination with short-term and seasonal storages.

Primary Energy System Chain Security Under the Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamah Alsayegh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Security ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Abstract This paper examines the energy transition consequences on the oil and gas energy system chain as it propagates from net importing through the transit to the net exporting countries (or regions). The fundamental energy system security concerns of importing, transit, and exporting regions are analyzed under the low carbon energy transition dynamics. The analysis is evidence-based on diversification of energy sources, energy supply and demand evolution, and energy demand management development. The analysis results imply that the energy system is going through technological and logistical reallocation of primary energy. The manifestation of such reallocation includes an increase in electrification, the rise of energy carrier options, and clean technologies. Under healthy and normal global economic growth, the reallocation mentioned above would have a mild effect on curbing the oil and gas primary energy demands growth. A case study concerning electric vehicles, which is part of the energy transition aspect, is presented to assess its impact on the energy system, precisely on the fossil fuel demand. Results show that electric vehicles are indirectly fueled, mainly from fossil-fired power stations through electric grids. Moreover, oil byproducts use in the electric vehicle industry confirms the reallocation of the energy system components' roles. The paper's contribution to the literature is the portrayal of the energy system security state under the low carbon energy transition. The significance of this representation is to shed light on the concerns of the net exporting, transit, and net importing regions under such evolution. Subsequently, it facilitates the development of measures toward mitigating world tensions and conflicts, enhancing the global socio-economic wellbeing, and preventing corruption.

Matching Model of Energy Supply and Demand of the Integrated Energy System in Coastal Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Xuejiao Zhao ◽  
Bing Gu ◽  
Fengkai Gao ◽  
Songsong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Matching Model ◽  
Integrated Energy System

The Russian Economy in the Context of the World Energy Markets Development

2006 ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mironov ◽  
S. Pukhov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Sector

The tendencies and prospects of the Russian economy development as an energy net-exporter country are considered in the context of perspective supply-demand dynamics in the world energy markets. Medium- and long-term prospects of oil and gas prices dynamics as one of the key factors of economic growth in Russia in the post-crisis period are analyzed. It is shown that due to predicted slowing of the world energy demand growth rates and strengthening in this connection of the competition in the traditional Russian markets the dual Russian economy character (it is not only a producer, but also a rather intensive consumer of energy) makes the problem of internal economy diversification very urgent. A conclusion is made that it is necessary to carry out preventive measures aimed at accelerated transformation of the Russian gas sector (or in addition to the oil sector) into a major factor of economic growth.

Optimal Design and Control of Wind-Diesel Hybrid Energy Systems for Remote Arctic Mines

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Romero ◽  
Monica Carvalho ◽  
Dean L. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Spinning Reserve ◽  
And Control

Mining operations are located in increasingly remote areas in order to search for relatively high-grade mineral deposits, despite the challenges that arise. These challenges are fundamentally logistic and directly impact the profitability of the remote operation. One of the main challenges is energy supply, since locations that lack a power grid, fuel pipelines, or adequate—if existing—road access have substantially increased energy-related operating costs. Today, a remote mine's energy costs add up to 40% of total operating expenses; this is in contrast with grid-connected, accessible mines, where the energy costs seldom reach 20% of the total. In searching for more cost-effective energy supply options, the present work uses the optimal mine site energy supply (OMSES) concept to optimize the design and operation schedule of a remote underground mine's energy supply system (ESS). Energy demand, weather, and economic data were collected and processed, emulating a remote mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The optimal energy system minimized the total cost of the energy supply, which included not only the operation cost but also the annuitized capital investment in equipment. Subsequently, the optimal system's design for the considered demands and environmental factors was subject to simulation and control optimization. Wind power was included in the formulation. Issues such as the necessary spinning reserve and the penetration curtailment, among others, were analyzed, both in the design and the control problems. The present work identified potential improvements for the integrated design (ID) and control of a remote mine's energy system, in particular when including a renewable energy resource with a considerable level of variability, i.e., wind. The optimal solution included the installation of two wind turbines (WTs), achieving 3% diesel savings with a 20% increase of investment compared with the conventional design. The model was validated with a real project—the Diavik Diamond Mine ESS, which included a wind farm with four turbines. A model predictive control (MPC) approach was chosen to optimize scheduling in a simulation with variable conditions of wind speed and ambient temperature; this proved to be a convenient method to assess the robustness of optimal designs. Results also confirmed the limitations of design optimization when uncertainties related to wind energy were ignored.

Study on Region Energy Allocation under Carbon Emission Constraints: Base on Analysis of Carbon Pinch

2014 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Hong Yu ◽  
Jun Feng Wang ◽  
Lei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Regional Energy

Energy Supply and demand, and carbon emission constraints are the problems that must be considered in the process of rapid economic development by national and every province. Under the constraints of energy supply and demand, and carbon emissions, there has practical significance to rational allocate regional energy utilization. With carbon pinch method, this paper research the energy allocation of Tianjin, establish analysis model. Considering the overall and regional energy demand and carbon emission constraints, to determine the usage amount of every kind of fossil energy and clean energy, in order to achieve the best energy structure and optimal balance between energy supply and demand. To provide scientific evidence for local government to make reasonable energy supply and carbon emission constraint index.

scholarly journals The oil crisis and South Africa: A comparison with the world situation

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
D. J. Kotzé
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil From Coal ◽  
Oil Crisis

Energy as a strategic resource has become a crucial world issue, to sustain future economic growth and survival. The world depends for 95% of its total energy demand, on fossil fuel, supplies of which are limited, while world energy demand is increasing steadily along with population and economic growth. The West depends heavily on oil from the Middle East, and this has placed OPEC countries in a position to demand a twentyfold increase in crude oil prices in nine years. Alternative energy sources are discussed, but the world is still heading for a crisis due to imbalance between energy supply and demand. The energy situation in South Africa differs somewhat because local coal provides 80% of total energy requirements, and stringent conservation measures have achieved large reductions in oil consumption, while uranium, electricity generation and oil-from-coal technologies make the country less vulnerable than most other western countries.Energie as 'n strategiese hulpbron het wereldwyd krities geword, om toekomstige ekonomiese groei en oorlewing te verseker. Vir 95% van sy totale energieverbruik is die wereld afhanklik van fossielbrandstof, waarvan voorrade beperk is, terwyl die wereldvraag na energie steeds met bevolkings- en ekonomiese groei styg. Die Weste moet na die Midde-Ooste opsien vir olie, en dit het OPEC-lande in staat gestel om ruoliepryse in nege jaar twintigvoudig te verhoog. Alternatiewe energiebronne word bespreek, maar die wereld stuur steeds af op 'n krisis weens wanbalans tussen energievraag en -aanbod. Die energiesituasie in Suid-Afrika verskil ietwat omdat plaaslike steenkool 80% van totale energie benodig, verskaf, terwyl streng besparingsmaatreels groot vermindering in olieverbruik meegebring het, en uraan-, elektrisiteit- en olie-uitsteenkool-tegnologiee die land minder kwesbaar maak as meeste ander Westerse lande.

Heterogeneous Communication Architecture to Enable Demand Response Management for the Smart Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Zhong Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Home Area

Demand response entails the control of the energy demand and loads during critical peak situations to achieve a balance between electrical energy supply and demand. A robust communication infrastructure, which consists of network components of Home Area Networks (HANs) and Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs) is the touchstone to achieve the demand response goals. This paper surveys existing communication technologies that can be adopted for demand response applications. A heterogeneous communication architecture based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) is presented, and the reliability and scalability requirements of communication system is satisfied.

scholarly journals A Methodology to Calculate the Supply and Demand Balance by Region for Vietnam's Energy Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.N. Nam ◽  
T.Le. Tu ◽  
V.D. Binh ◽  
H.N. Anh ◽  
Q.D. Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
System Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Joint Research

The energy supply and demand balance is one of the important issues to address when proposing options for energy system development. Currently, several tools are utilized for calculating the supply and demand balance for Vietnam's energy systems. These tools are instrumental in developing the national energy system. However, most of them treat the national energy system as a unified whole, with no specific focus on regional energy supply and demand balances. This paper presents a methodology to calculate the supply and demand balance for Vietnam's energy systems by region, with the practical application of Corrective Module1, a piece of software which is a result of the joint research and development effort by the Institute of Energy Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) and the Melentiev Energy Systems Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). The findings of this study demonstrate that the energy system supply and demand balance calculated by region is the scientific basis for researchers, managers, and policymakers to get a clear vision of possible energy system development at the national and regional scale and to provide directions and policies that are consistent with the conditions of each region and the country. This approach is appropriate for Vietnam's geographical conditions, infrastructure, energy resources, load distribution, and policy framework.

scholarly journals PERMINTAAN ENERGI LISTRIK DI JAWA TENGAH

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bagio Mudakir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Very High

This study is intended to determine factors influencing the demand of electricity energy in Central Java. The increasing demand of energy might create a shortage or crisis due to a relatively constant of energy supply. It is because a very high costs for constructing energy power plants. The increasing energy demand over economic growth might create a question, what is the influence of economic activities toward the demand of electricity energy. It is also a problem whether energy demand utilizedas production factor in the economy or consumed as final goods.

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