Perspective on Materials Failure Theory and Applications

The history of developing failure criteria is briefly examined. The cumulative result is found to be completely unsatisfactory and extremely misleading, to the point of crisis. The long time blockage of the materials failure field has had serious and retarding effects on all related technical areas that are dependent on reliable failure projections. A new and rationally different approach to failure theory formulation is outlined and fully documented. After summarizing recent research progress, a program for the recovery and revitalization of the field is given.

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Materials Failure Theory and Applications, Change Is Coming

Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4036587 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Richard M. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Failure Criteria ◽

The State ◽

Isotropic Materials ◽

Current State ◽

Failure Theory ◽

The Future ◽

Materials Failure ◽

The Many ◽

State Of The Field

This overview/survey assesses the state of the discipline for the failure of homogeneous and isotropic materials. It starts with a quick review of the many historical but unsuccessful failure investigations. Then, it outlines the dysfunctional current state of the field for failure criteria. Finally, it converges toward the technical prospects that can and very likely will bring much needed change and progress in the future.

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BRIDGE BUILDING AS A PROBLEM OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY

Economic History ◽

10.15507/2409-630x.045.015.201902.125-135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 125-135

Author(s):

Tatiana S. Minaeva ◽

Sergey S. Gulyaev

Keyword(s):

Urban Infrastructure ◽

Local Administration ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

European North ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of ◽

Floating Bridge ◽

Historical Comparative ◽

Bridge Building ◽

Xix Century

Introduction. The organization of transport links and the bridge building in cities located on the banks of wide rivers has always been one of the most important tasks of the local administration. The study of the history of bridge building allows not only to trace the process of modernization of different regions of the country, but also to help in solving similar problems of our time. Nevertheless, the history of Russian bridge building is poorly studied. The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics and features of the organization of bridge building in big cities of the European North of Russia as a way to solve one of the problems of urban infrastructure in the early XX century. Materials and Methods. The sources for this study are the documents of the State archive of the Arkhangelsk region, published documents on the history of Vologda, articles in the local periodicals of the early XX century. The analysis of the studied problem used a systematic approach, the method of economic analysis, historical and historical-comparative methods. Results and Discussion. The building of permanent bridges was a need for the development of Arkhangelsk and Vologda. In Vologda the two wooden bridges were built in the middle of XIX century on city funds and in the future these bridges were repaired or rebuilt. The Arkhangelsk city authorities did not hurry to solve a problem of city infrastructure by own efforts and a long time they used the floating bridge. The lack of experience in the building of large bridges and the desire to save money led to the rapid destruction of the first permanent bridge in Arkhangelsk. Conclusion. The Development of trade and industry in cities of the European North of Russia, such as Arkhangelsk and Vologda, led to the expansion of their territory and the emergence over time, the so-called third parts of the cities. Despite the comparable size of the population of the districts located across the river, the process of connecting them with bridges to the rest of the city went at different rates, which depended on the attitude of the local administration to the problem of urban infrastructure.

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نظام التوثيق وأثره في إدارة الأصول الوقفية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة: نماذج من إمارة الشارقة (Documentation System and its Impact on Endowment Managements in United Arabic Emirates: The Study of Emirate of Sharjah)

Journal of Islam in Asia <span style="font-size: 0.6em">(E-ISSN: 2289-8077)</span> ◽

10.31436/jia.v16i2.820 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 166-193

Author(s):

مها بنت منصور الصائغ

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Documentation System ◽

The People ◽

Endowment Management ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of ◽

The Law

شهد تاريخ الأمة الإسلامية حضارة ونهضة عالمية في جميع مجالات الحياة الإنسانية، ومما كان له كبير الأثر في ذلك هو الأوقاف التي بدأت مع سيد البشرية محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم واستمرت بتنوع وشمولية إلى عصرنا الحالي؛ ولكن ما تعرضت إليه الأوقاف من إهمال وإقصاء وضياع يرجع لأسباب عديدة من أهمها غياب التوثيق الوقفي. تقوم الدراسة على تتبع مفهوم الوقف والتوثيق، والوقف في الإمارات العربية المتحدة ول سيما في إمارة الشارقة. توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج منها: أن الأوقاف قائمة منذ زمن بعيد، وأن رغبة الواقف بالوقف وإقدامه عليها لم ينقصها سوى وثيقة، وأنه لا وثائق لها ولا مستندات، كما أن العرض الموجز لنشأة دائرة الأوقاف بالشارقة وسعيها لإحياء سنة الوقف ونشر ثقافته نراه يتضح شيئاً فشيئاً من خلال تفعيل مواد القانون والبحث حول الأنسب والأصح لحماية الأوقاف، ولم يكن هذا الاهتمام بالوقف إلا انعكاساً لتوجه الواقفين وتماشياً لرؤية الحكام وامتثالاً لنهج خير الأنام ورغبة في تكافل الأرواح وحباً للسلام. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الوقف، التوثيق، المقارنة، الشارقة. Abstract The history of Islamic nation has witnessed a global civilization and it has had a great impact in all areas of human life, including the endowments that began with the master of humankind; Muhammad S.A.W. and it was continuing in diversity and comprehensively until our epoch. However, there are some problems related to endowment management such as negligence, exclusion and loss that due to many reasons. Among the most important reasons is the absence of endowment documentations. Therefore, the study aims to discuss the concept of endowment and documentation, as well as the endowment in United Arabic Emirates, especially in the Emirate of Sharjah. The study concluded that the practice of endowment has been existed for a long time, yet there are in need of endowment documentations. This study also found that the information related to the establishment of institution of endowment in Sharjah and its role has spread widely to the people through the enforcement of the law and the implementation of the research related to the practice of endowment in order to sustain them in a good way. This documentation system was only a reflection of what has stated in Shariah laws regarding the practice of endowment among the donors, so that it will be in line with the approach of good intentions and love of peace. Keywords: Endowment, Documentation, Comparison, Sharjah.

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Vestimental Fashion-Trends in the Context of Culture of the late XIX – early XX century: Experience of Inclusion in the Process of Teaching the History of World Culture

Современное образование: векторы развития. Роль социально-гуманитарного знания в подготовке педагога: материалы V международной конференции (г. Москва, МПГУ, 27 апреля – 25 мая 2020 г.) ◽

10.37492/etno.2020.75.60.051 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ж.В. Васильева

Keyword(s):

Educational Material ◽

Fundamental Importance ◽

World Culture ◽

Modern Period ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of ◽

Experience Of Inclusion

вопросы взаимодействия моды и сферы искусства, аспекты сближения их позиций в области репрезентации базовых эстетических установок конца XIX – начала XX вв. долгое время оставались вне поля исследовательского внимания культурологов и искусствоведов. Между тем, для преподавания курса мировой художественной культуры (МХК) анализ динамики взаимопроникновения моды и искусства в период модерна, выявление параллелей в развитии фэшн-трендов и художественных направлений конца XIX – начала ХХ в. имеет принципиальное значение. Обосновать необходимость включения учебного материала по вестиментарным фэшн-трендам в курс МХК – наша задача. questions of interaction between fashion and art, aspects of convergence of their positions in the field of representation of basic aesthetic attitudes of the late XIX – early XX centuries for a long time remained out of the field of attention of researchers. Meanwhile, for teaching the history of world culture, the analysis of the dynamics of the interpenetration of fashion and art in the modern period, the identification of parallels in the development of fashion trends and artistic trends of the late XIX – early XX century is of fundamental importance. Our task is to justify the need to include educational material on vestigial fashion trends in the course of world art culture.

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Forensic Entomology in China and Its Challenges

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12030230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 230

Author(s):

Yu Wang ◽

Yinghui Wang ◽

Man Wang ◽

Wang Xu ◽

Yanan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Forensic Entomology ◽

Research Progress ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Related Research ◽

Dependent Development ◽

Faunal Succession ◽

Recent Research Progress

While the earliest record of forensic entomology originated in China, related research did not start in China until the 1990s. In this paper, we review the recent research progress on the species identification, temperature-dependent development, faunal succession, and entomological toxicology of sarcosaprophagous insects as well as common applications of forensic entomology in China. Furthermore, the difficulties and challenges forensic entomologists face in China are analyzed and possible countermeasures are presented.

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A solitary giant neurofibroma of inguinal region: A case report

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/00368504211004269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 003685042110042

Author(s):

Haiying Zhou ◽

Hui Lu

Keyword(s):

Tumor Resection ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Inguinal Region ◽

Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽

Neurogenic Tumors ◽

Long Time ◽

Giant Neurofibroma ◽

History Of ◽

Neuroectodermal Origin ◽

Recurrence Tendency

Neurofibroma is a rare nerve sheath tumor of neuroectodermal origin, especially the huge and isolated neurofibroma located in the inguinal region. To our knowledge, no such case has previously been reported. We report a case of 34-year-old male patient with a 4-year history of progressive enlargement of the medial root mass in his left thigh with sitting and standing disorders along with pain. The tumor was completely removed by operation, and pathological diagnosis showed neurofibroma. There was no obvious neurologic defect after surgery, and no recurrence tendency was found in the follow-up of 2 years. For a large solitary mass with slow growth and no malignant clinical manifestations for a long time, clinicians cannot rule out the hypothetical diagnosis of neurofibroma, even though its growth site is very rare, such as this case of a huge tumor located in the groin. For neurogenic tumors, early operation should be performed, and the prognosis of patients after tumor resection is excellent.

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Sexuality and Affection in the Time of Technological Innovation: Artificial Partners in the Japanese Context

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12050296 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 296

Author(s):

Beatriz Yumi Aoki ◽

Takeshi Kimura

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

Human Life ◽

Human Sexuality ◽

Sexual Intimacy ◽

Ancient History ◽

Human Relationships ◽

Living Things ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the number of academic studies on the impact of technological advancements on human life, including possible transformations and changes in human sexuality following the development of sex-related devices, such as sex robots. In this context, terms such as posthuman sexuality, digisexuality, and techno-sexuality have emerged, signaling possible new understandings of sexual, intimacy, and emotional practices. It is important to note that ancient history shows that humankind has for a long time been fascinated with their relationship to non-living things, mostly human-like figures, such as dolls. The Ningyo (人形, the Japanese term for doll) has a long history of usage, and has deep religious and animistic significance in the Japanese context—there are records of sexual use as early as the 18th century. With this context in mind, this paper focuses on three Japanese examples, aiming to shine a light on beyond-human relationships, which include a Japanese man’s marriage to a digital character, sex dolls, and communicative robots, from both a sexual and emotional perspective. In a new horizon of sexual and romantic possibilities, how will humans respond, and what can emerge from these interactions?

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Bioapplications of hyperbranched polymers

Chemical Society Reviews ◽

10.1039/c4cs00229f ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 4023-4071 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

Dali Wang ◽

Tianyu Zhao ◽

Xinyuan Zhu ◽

Deyue Yan ◽

Wenxin Wang

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Hyperbranched Polymers ◽

Research Progress ◽

Recent Research Progress

The recent research progress in biological and biomedical applications of hyperbranched polymers has been summarized in this review.

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A New Prediction Model on the Luminance of OLEDs Subjected to Different Reverse Biases for Alleviating Degradation in AMOLED Displays

2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems ◽

10.1115/isps2014-6964 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Paul C.-P. Chao ◽

Yen-Ping Hsu ◽

Yung-Hua Kao ◽

Kuei-Yu Lee

Keyword(s):

Reverse Bias ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Life Time ◽

Density Currents ◽

High Brightness ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Wide Viewing Angle ◽

Time Operation ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have drawn much attention in areas of displays and varied illumination devices due to multiple advantages, such as high brightness, high efficiency, wide viewing angle, and simple structure. However, the long-time degradation of OLED emission is a serious drawback. This degradation was investigated by past works, which pointed out that the degradation was induced by high-density currents through OLED component under the long-time operation [1][2]. Proposed by a past work [3], different reverse biases was imposed on OLED components in display frames to alleviate the long-time degradation on OLEDs. Most recently, along with the reverse bias, new pixel circuits [4][5] for AMOLED displays are designed to alleviate OLED degradation, thus successfully extending OLED life time. However, since emission luminances in different frame times during AMOLED displaying differs significantly for displaying varied images, the OLED degradation evolves in a highly unpredictable fashion. In this study, based on valid theories, the voltage across the OLED is first used as indicator for OLED degradation. Then the relation between the level of OLED degradation, in terms of OLED’s cross voltage, and the history of imposing reverse biases are precisely modeled. With the model, the degradation of the OLED under reverse bias to extend lifetime can be successfully predicted. Based on this model, engineers can then optimize the applied reverse bias on OLEDs to maximize the OLED lifetime for varied display requirement.

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