scholarly journals Nonlinear Lifting Line Theory Applied to Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: Development of a Practical Design Tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marten ◽  
Georgios Pechlivanoglou ◽  
Christian Navid Nayeri ◽  
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unsteady Aerodynamics ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Lifting Line

Recently, a new interest in vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) technology is fueled by research on floating support structures for large-scale offshore wind energy application. For the application on floating structures at multimegawatt size, the VAWT concept may offer distinct advantages over the conventional horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) design. As an example, VAWT turbines are better suited for upscaling, and at multimegawatt size, the problem of periodic fatigue cycles reduces significantly due to a very low rotational speed. Additionally, the possibility to store the transmission and electricity generation system at the bottom, compared to the tower top as in a HAWT, can lead to a considerable reduction of material logistics costs. However, as most VAWT research stalled in the mid 1990s, no sophisticated and established tools to investigate this concept further exist today. Due to the complex interaction between unsteady aerodynamics and movement of the floating structure, fully coupled simulation tools modeling both aero and structural dynamics are needed. A nonlinear lifting line free vortex wake (LLFVW) code was recently integrated into the open source wind turbine simulation suite qblade. This paper describes some of the necessary adaptions of the algorithm, which differentiates it from the usual application in HAWT simulations. A focus is set on achieving a high robustness and computational efficiency. A short validation study compares LLFVW results with those of a two-dimensional (2D) unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulation.

Development of a high-efficiency and long-life 500W class H-Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) system using skin-spar-foam sandwich composite structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
Changduk Kong ◽  
Haseung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Structural Test ◽  
The City

AbstractSince the focus on the energy crisis and environmental issues due to excessive fossil fuel consumption, wind power has been considered as an important renewable energy source. Recently, several megawatt-class large-scale wind turbine systems have been developed in some countries. Even though the large-scale wind turbine can effectively produce electrical power, the small-scale wind turbine has been continuously developed due to some advantages; for instance, it can be easily built at a low cost without any limitation of location, i.e., even in the city. In case of small-scale wind turbines, the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is used in the city despite having a lower efficiency than the horizontal axis wind turbine. Furthermore, most small-scale wind turbine systems have been designed at the rated wind speed of around 12 m/s. This aim of this work is to design a high-efficiency 500W class composite VAWT blade that is applicable to relatively low-speed regions. With regard to the aerodynamic design of the blade, parametric studies are carried out to decide an optimal aerodynamic configuration. The aerodynamic efficiency and performance of the designed VAWT is confirmed by computational fluid dynamics analysis. The structural design is performed by the load case study, initial sizing using the netting rule and the rule of mixture, structural analysis using finite element method (FEM), fatigue life estimation and structural test. The prototype blade is manufactured by hand lay-up and the matched die molding. The experimental structural test results are compared with the FEM analysis results. Finally, to evaluate the prototype VAWT including designed blades, the performance test is performed using a truck to simulate various ranges of wind speeds and some measuring equipment. According to the performance evaluation result, the estimated performance agrees well with the experimental test results in all operating ranges.

Development of a High Efficiency and Long Life 500W Class H-Darrieus Type VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine) System Using Skin-Spar-Foam Sandwich Composite Structure

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changduk Kong ◽  
Haseung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Structural Test

Since the energy crisis and the environmental issue have been focused due to excessive fossil fuel consumption, the wind power has been considered as an important renewable energy source. Recently, several MW class large scale wind turbine systems have been developed in some countries. Even though the large scale wind turbine can effectively produce the electrical power, the small scale wind turbines have been continuously developed due some advantages, for instance, it can be easily built by low cost without any limitation of location, i.e. even in city. In case of small scale wind turbines, the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is used in city having frequent wind direction change, even though it has a bit lower efficient than the horizontal axis wind turbine. Furthermore, most small scale wind turbine systems have been designed at the rated wind speed of around 12m/s. This work is to design a high efficiency 500W class composite VAWT blade which is applicable to relatively low speed region. In the aerodynamic design of blade, the parametric studies are carried out to decide an optimal aerodynamic configuration. The aerodynamic efficiency and performance of the designed VAWT is confirmed by the CFD analysis. The structural design is performed by the load case study, the initial sizing using the netting rule and the rule of mixture, the structural analysis using FEM, the fatigue life estimation and the structural test. The prototype blade is manufactured by the hand lay-up and the matched die molding. The experimental structural test results are compared with the FEM analysis results. Finally, to evaluate the prototype VAWT including designed blades, the performance test is performed using a truck to simulate the various range wind speeds and some measuring equipments. According to the performance evaluation result, the estimated performance is well agreed with the experimental test result in all operating ranges.

Review on the Evolution of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: Large Wind Turbines

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
Palanisamy Mohan Kumar ◽  
Krishnamoorthi Sivalingam ◽  
Teik-Cheng Lim ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
He Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Metal Fatigue ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Large Wind ◽  
Insight Into

The objective of the current review is to present the development of a large vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) since its naissance to its current applications. The turbines are critically reviewed in terms of performance, blade configuration, tower design, and mode of failure. The early VAWTs mostly failed due to metal fatigue since the composites were not developed. Revisiting those configurations could yield insight into the future development of VAWT. The challenges faced by horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), especially in the megawatt capacity, renewed interest in large scale VAWT. VAWT provides a solution for some of the immediate challenges faced by HAWT in the offshore environment in terms of reliability, maintenance, and cost. The current rate of research and development on VAWT could lead to potential and economical alternatives for HAWT. The current summary on VAWT is envisioned to be an information hub about the growth of the Darrieus turbine from the kW capacity to megawatt scale.

Motion Performances of a 5 MW VAWT Supported by Spar Floating Foundation With Heave Plates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Liu ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Weichen Jin ◽  
Rui Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Floating Foundation ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Truss Spar

The VAWT (vertical axis wind turbine) has advantages in the development of large-scale offshore wind power. This paper presents a motion study of a 5 MW floating VAWT composed of the Φ type Darrieus wind turbine and a truss spar floating foundation with heave plates. The surge, heave and pitch motion equations considering the effects of retardation function of the floating VAWT were established and solved numerically. Several load cases were carried out to analyze the motion performances of the floating VAWT. The results show that the wind forces have minimal influence on the heave motions of the floating VAWT, while they obviously increase its surge and pitch mean displacements. For LC3, the surge, heave and pitch frequencies of the floating VAWT are dominated by the wave frequencies, and the 2P (twice-per-revolution) response of pitch motions is not significant. For LC4, the 2P response of pitch motions of the floating VAWT are more significant than LC4.

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic analysis of a large-scale vertical axis wind turbine

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110379
Author(s):  
Brian Hand
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Torque Coefficient

The vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) configuration has many advantages for an offshore wind turbine Installation. In this paper, the three dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics analysis of a large-scale 5 MW VAWT is conducted. At the optimum tip-speed ratio (TSR), the VAWT maximum inline force was 75% larger than the maximum lateral force. It was found the dynamic stall effects cause the VAWT flow field to become increasingly asymmetrical at the mid-span plane, when the TSR is reduced. The attachment of end plates to the blade tips, resulted in a performance improvement during the upwind phase with the average blade torque coefficient in this range being increased by 4.71%. Conversely, during the blade downwind phase a reduction in performance was found due to the increase in drag from the end plates and the average blade torque coefficient in this phase was reduced by 23.1%.

Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristic of a Spar Type Floating Foundation Which Used to Support a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Liu ◽  
Xiaorui Zhang ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Yu Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristic ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Natural Period ◽  
Ballast Tank ◽  
Floating Foundation

The vertical axis wind turbine has more advantages in the development of the large-scale offshore wind power, on account of that its drive system is placed on the bottom of the turbine and has little influence on the tower. This paper presents a preliminary design of a Spar foundation, which can support a Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine with a generated power of 5 MW. The influences of structure’s parameters of the floating foundation, such as the radius of flotation tank, the radius and height of upper ballast tank, the height of bottom ballast tank and other factors on the motions of the floating wind turbine system are analyzed. The initial structure parameters of the floating foundation are determined, and the hydrodynamic parameters are calculated as well. It is found that the radius of floatation tank and bottom ballast tank have more impact on the Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) and natural period of heave of the floating foundation. The interval of center of gravity and center of buoyancy and the height of upper ballast tank influence obviously on the RAOs and natural period of pitch of the floating foundation. Heave and pitch motions of the floating foundation designed here are relatively small. The natural periods of heave and pitch of the floating foundation are away from the main wave energy periods.

Calculating the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Velocity Triangle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical axis wind turbine technology has been applied last years, very long after horizontal axis wind turbine technology. Aerodynamic problems of vertical axis wind machines are discussible. An important problem is the determination of the incidence law in the interaction between wind and rotor blades. The focus of the work is to establish equations of the incidence depending on the blade azimuth, and to solve them. From these results, aerodynamic torques and power can be calculated. The incidence angle is a parameter of velocity triangle, and both the factors depend not only on the blade azimuth but also on the ratio of rotational speed and horizontal speed. The built computational program allows theoretically selecting the relationship of geometric parameters of wind turbine in accordance with requirements on power, wind speed and installation conditions.

Power Experimental Optimization of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Sadek Ameziane ◽  
Abdesselem Chikhi ◽  
Mohammed Salah Aggouner
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Spatial Filter ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Continuous Current ◽  
Mechanical Sensors

Background: The presented article is a contribution to the realization of a wind emulator based on a continuous-current machine. The development of this topic focuses on the modeling of a vertical axis wind turbine, a DC motor with independent excitation and its control via a chopper. Methods: To carry out this work, we have studied and designed the electronic and mechanical sensors as well as a command implemented on the dSPACE DS1103 system. Results: The main purpose of this work is related, on one hand, to the control of the motor turbine by imposing the wind profile and on the other hand generate the command of the implanted MPPT. The experimental results obtained showed the great performances which characterize this improved wind energy system. Conclusion: Finally, a wind turbine with variable speed is a system having a complex model; however, a detailed model of the interaction between the wind and the aero-turbine is useful to understand certain phenomena such as rotational sampling or the spatial filter.

Mean Wave Drift Force on a Barge-Type Floating Wind Turbine With Moonpools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tan ◽  
Tomoki Ikoma ◽  
Yasuhiro Aida ◽  
Koichi Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Wave Drift ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Drift Force ◽  
Gyroscopic Effects

Abstract The barge-type foundation with moonpool(s) is a promising type of platform for floating offshore wind turbines, since the moonpool(s) could improve the hydrodynamic performance at particular frequencies and reduce the costs of construction. In this paper, the horizontal mean drift force and yaw drift moment of a barge-type platform with four moonpools are numerically and experimentally investigated. Physical model tests are carried out in a wave tank, where a 2MW vertical-axis wind turbine is modelled in the 1:100 scale. By varying the rotating speed of the turbine and the mass of the blades, the gyroscopic effects due to turbine rotations on the mean drift forces are experimentally examined. The wave diffraction and radiation code WAMIT is used to carry out numerical analysis of wave drift force and moment. The experimental results indicate that the influence of the rotations of a vertical-axis wind turbine on the sway drift force is generally not very significant. The predictions by WAMIT are in reasonable agreement with the measured data. Numerical results demonstrate that the horizontal mean drift force and yaw drift moment at certain frequencies could be reduced by moonpool(s).

Aerodynamic Analysis for Camber Effect in Vertical Wind Turbine System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwook Kim ◽  
Dohyung Lee ◽  
Junhee Han ◽  
Sangwoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine System ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Ideal

The Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) has advantages over Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) that it allows less chance to be degraded independent of wind direction and turbine can be operated even at the low wind speed. The objective of this study is to analyze aerodynamics of the VAWT airfoil and investigate the ideal shape of airfoil, more specifically cambers. The analysis of aerodynamic characteristics with various cambers has been performed using numerical simulation with CFD software. As the numerical simulation discloses local physical features around wind turbine, aerodynamic performance such as lift, drag and torque are computed for single airfoil rotation and multiple airfoil rotation cases. Through this study more effective airfoil shape is suggested based vortex-airfoil interaction studies.

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