Design and Fabrication of a Multistage Solar Still With Three Focal Concentric Collectors

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayadh M. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Evaporation And Condensation ◽  
Energy Cycle ◽  
Design And Manufacture

This research is intended to design and manufacture a multilayer solar distiller at a promising cost. The solar distiller manufactured has the same design as simple water distillers, which are based on the principle of evaporation and condensation with a different energy cycle, where the processes of evaporation and condensation are completely isolated. The obtained results showed that the amount of produced water has increased by 60% compared to the traditional solar distillers, where the system is not isolated. No catalysts were used, and the areas of the evaporation and condensation have also been increased leading to the production of distilled water under natural conditions and low cost. A comparison between the theoretical and experimental results is performed. The productivity was as follows: 8.45, 11.04, 12.20, 21.44, 18.69, 16.15, and 14.49 L/day in January, February, March, September, October, November, and December, respectively.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Natural Materials for Productivity Enhancemento Single Slope Solar Still

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SENDHIL KUMAR NATARAJAN ◽  
Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju ◽  
Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan ◽  
Rishi Pugazhendhi ◽  
Eklas Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Condensation Rate ◽  
Evaporation And Condensation ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The proposed research study aims to improve the productivity of solar still (SS) by using low-cost and eco-friendly materials. The aforementioned objective was achieved by enhancing the evaporation rate of seawater in the absorber basin and the condensation rate over the glass cover of the solar still. In this study, the low-cost and eco-friendly materials used for enhancing the evaporation rate in the solar still were Molasses Powder (MP), Sawdust (SD), Rise Husk (RH). In addition to these materials, Bamboo Straw (BS), Banana Leaf stem (BL), and Rice Straw (RS) were used as absorbing materials over the glass cover for enhancing the condensation rate. The experiments were carried out under similar meteorological conditions and the results of the modified solar still were compared with Conventional Solar Still (CSS). The productivities of CSS, SSMP, SSRH, SSSD, SSBS, SSBL and SSRS were about 2250 mL/m2, 2383 mL/m2, 2467 mL/m2, 3033 mL/m2, 2700 mL/m2, 2683 mL/m2, and 3367 mL/m2 , respectively. The results of the experimental investigation highlighted that the SSSD had a comparatively better evaporation rate and 34.81% higher yield than CSS. Besides, SSRS had a comparatively better condensation rate and a 51.88% higher yield than CSS. Later, the combination of sawdust (SD) and rice straw (RS) was investigated for combined enhancement of evaporation and condensation. The solar still with sawdust and rice straw (SSSDRS) showed a 62.88% improvement in productivity with 3633 mL/m2 when compared to CSS. Also, the economic analysis showed that the cost per litre (CPL) of freshwater obtained from SSSDRS was about ₹ 1.9 ($ 0.025) with a payback period of 4.4 months which was the least when compared to all the considered cases.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation and Economic Analysis of Stepped Solar Still with Wire Mesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10S2) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Evaporation And Condensation

Pure and distilled water is now serving as a basic daily necessity for human being functionality. Solar energy is widely being used for purifying the salt water with basic fundamental of evaporation and condensation through a solar still which captures the sunrays, evaporates the seawater, condensate the vapors and purifies the water. This method is the widely used green method for water distillation via set ups. This paper concentrates at water purification by modified stepped solar still with wire mesh and comparing it with a conventional still. Still with 4 steps with depth of 5 mm and 120 mm wide were fabricated on modified still. The efficiency of stepped stiller was altered up to 30.72%and the amount of distillate obtained was 1932 ml/m2 /day in case of conventional distillerand 2800 ml/m2 /day was for stepped one.

scholarly journals New Innovation of low cost solar still

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Sengar ◽  
Y P Khandetod ◽  
A G Mohod
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Average Quantity ◽  
Metal Body ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

Different solar stills were developed and evaluated for comparison withother solar stills available in market. Comparatively more distilled water was obtainedfrom the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glassglazing like single slope ,double slope and wick type solar still. Average maximumtemperature and humidity was more in double slope, single slope and wick type solarstill and hence the average quantity of distilled water obtained as 1350 ml/day, 1550ml/day and 2450 ml/day respectively. The plastic made up of W-shape solar stillprovided with 3 channels produce maximum distilled water as 2104 ml/day where as W-shape solar still with two channels erected on concrete and ground produced only1012ml/day and 1443 ml/day respectively. L shape solar still produce average distilledwater was 925 ml/day which was very low among the all type of solar still. Comparativecost of compact nature of solar stills like single slope, double slope and wick type solarstill was more than Rs.7000/- which is four times more than newly developed W-shape3 channel solar still. Comparative output from newly developed solar still was low but ithas several advantages that it is cheapest, cost efficient and easy to clean. Concentrationof pH, EC, TDS and ions in solar distilled water was found to be similar as conventionaldistilled water. The cost of W shape three channel solar still is recovered within 4months 6 days only.

The Effect of Cotton Cloths on the Performance of the Solar still

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
T.G. Sakthivel ◽  
S. Senthil Kumar ◽  
T.V. Arjunan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still

In this study the conventional still is modified with cotton cloth at the inner wall surfaces to improve the performance of the still. The main purpose of this experimental study is to make use of the heat available on the inner wall surfaces of a basin by using cotton cloths. Two single-slope solar stills with the same area of 1mx0.5m are fabricated and tested. The hourly amount of extracted distilled water, the various temperatures and the insolation were observed for one month period (April 2014). The results were performed by comparing with conventional solar still and cotton cloth still. The experimental results clearly shows that, by reducing transfer of heat from inner surfaces to the outer surfaces with the help of cotton cloth the modified still gives yield about 13.3% higher than the conventional still.

Developing an Inkjet Printer I: RGB Image to CMY Ink Amounts - Image Processing and Color Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (15) ◽  
pp. 350-1-350-10
Author(s):  
Yin Wang ◽  
Baekdu Choi ◽  
Davi He ◽  
Zillion Lin ◽  
George Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Color Management ◽  
Finger Nail ◽  
Inkjet Printer ◽  
Rgb Image ◽  
Novel Algorithm

In this paper, we will introduce a novel low-cost, small size, portable nail printer. The usage of this system is to print any desired pattern on a finger nail in just a few minutes. The detailed pre-processing procedures will be described in this paper. These include image processing to find the correct printing zone, and color management to match the patterns’ color. In each phase, a novel algorithm will be introduced to refine the result. The paper will state the mathematical principles behind each phase, and show the experimental results, which illustrate the algorithms’ capabilities to handle the task.

SIMULATION OF DISTILLED WATER PRODUCTION USING A TRIANGULAR SOLAR STILL － IN CASE OF A PAIKGACHA, A COASTAL AREA OF BANGLADESH －

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. I_155-I_163
Author(s):  
Shunya KATO ◽  
Hiroaki TERASAKI ◽  
Tomohiro UMEMURA ◽  
Rei TAKAHASHI ◽  
Teruyuki FUKUHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Solar Still

Design and manufacture of a low cost educational hexapod rover

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 525-536
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Candini ◽  
Emanuele Paolini ◽  
Fabrizio Piergentili
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Design And Manufacture

scholarly journals Production rate and cost comparison of ceramic block solar desalination unit (CBSDU) with basin type solar still (BSS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Md Hamidul Islam ◽  
Quazi Hamidul Bari ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Installation Cost

Distilled water for drinking purposes is vital especially in semi or arid countries where surface water is limited and groundwater is saline. The ceramic block solar desalination unit (CBSDU) is significant for single household in developing countries like Bangladesh. The aims of this study are to monitor daily production and cost compared with basin type solar still (BSS). The materials and installation cost of the ceramic block solar unit was estimated Tk.40 per solar desalination unit. The field experiment was carried out on the roof top of the civil engineering building, KUET from 24th February to 11th June, 2012. The CBSDU was installed perpendicular to the surface, from 2 feet above the surface, on a concrete base. The collection bottle was put under the concrete base. The distilled water was collected every day at least two hours after sunset. The average production was found 4.26 lit/m2/day. The CBSDU offers 12% less cost than BSS. Single household can easily use CBSDU for their drinking water in coastal belt of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Priming Techniques on Germination Parameters of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Milan Jocković ◽  
Petar Čanak ◽  
Vladimir Miklič ◽  
Jelena Ovuka ◽  
Velimir Radić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Germination Parameters ◽  
Priming Technique

Summary A useful approach for improving seed germination and seedling growth is a seed priming technique. Application of the priming technique enhances water absorption, causing activation of metabolic activities in the seed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming on germination parameters of safflower and to compare different priming techniques: priming by soaking and priming on filter paper. The priming treatments included hydropriming (distilled water) and osmopriming with 0.1% and 0.5% solutions of KNO3 for 8 and 16 hours. The experiment revealed significant difference between the priming treatments and the control. The highest germination (89.50%) was recorded within the priming treatments by soaking in the solution of 0.1% KNO3 and priming on filter paper moistened with 0.5% KNO3 for 8 hours. Considering germination index, mean germination time and time to 50% germination, the best results were obtained within hydropriming on filter paper for 16 hours. This study has shown that the priming techniques significantly improved germination parameters of safflower. Although priming on filter paper showed better results, the soaking technique – due to its simplicity, low cost and easiness of application – can be successfully used to improve germination parameters of safflower and increase the number of plants per unit of area and thus increase the seed yield per acreage.

Experimental Results of SAR Imaging Using a Low-Cost X-band Radar with a PLL with Direct Modulation for UAV Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Gromek ◽  
Piotr Samczynski ◽  
Krzysztof Stasiak ◽  
Jakub Julczyk ◽  
Maciej Wielgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Direct Modulation ◽  
X Band ◽  
Sar Imaging
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