Fretting Wear Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Inconel X-750 Alloy in Dry Contact Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrohim Rustamov ◽  
Gaolong Zhang ◽  
Margarita Skotnikova ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Zixi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Normal Load ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Contact Condition ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Loading ◽  
Dry Contact

Frictional and fretting wear behaviors of Inconel X-750 alloy against GCr15 steel ball were investigated in dry contact condition with ∼60% air humidity. Fretting tests were run at the high frequency tribosystem SRV 4 in room temperature and ball-on-flat contact configuration were adopted with the relative oscillatory motion of small displacement amplitude (40 μm). Sliding regimes, wear volumes, frictional properties, and material damage mechanisms were studied with regard to different normal loading and test durations. After the tests, the worn surface morphologies were analyzed by three-dimensional (3D) optical surface profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to distinguish fretting running conditions and material responses for different test cases. It was found that the material removals by abrasive and adhesive wear, debris formation and oxidization, and wear delamination were the main damage mechanisms under the lower normal load where the full slide or gross slip regime (GSR) was dominant between the contact surfaces. On the other hand, fretting regime was found to be a stick-slip or a partial slip at greater loads where damage mechanisms were correlated with deformed asperities, fatigue cracks, and thick layer removal due to highly concentrated cyclic stresses. Time dependence was crucial during GSR where the wear volume increased substantially; however, the wear volumes and scars sizes were consistent over time because of stick-slip effects under the higher normal load.

scholarly journals Fretting Wear Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Inconel X-750 Alloy in Dry Contacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ibrohim A. Rustamov ◽  
Ozoda Sh. Sabirova ◽  
Zixi Wang ◽  
Yuming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Oxidation Mechanisms

Tribological behavior of the Inconel X-750 alloy disk subjected to fretting against the GCr15 steel ball was investigated in an ambient laboratory air with relative humidity of 55–65%. A high-frequency oscillating Optimol SRV 4 tribometer was employed to execute dry fretting tests in the partial and gross slip regimes under constant 100 N normal load. Tests were carried out for 10, 30, and 90 minutes, and the friction forces vs. displacement amplitudes were monitored during the test duration. Posttest examinations were conducted utilizing advanced tools such as 3D optical surface profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The main objective was to obtain wear scar evolutions, frictional properties, and degradation mechanisms under the different running conditions over time. It was found that fretting wear behaviors of friction pairs were strongly influenced by fretting regimes. Degradation evolutions were greatly influenced by fretting time during partial slip regimes, i.e., evolving from asperity deformation and slight damage to the fatigue crack and material transfer. However, the combination of adhesive, abrasive, delamination, and wear oxidation mechanisms was repeated during the entire gross slip fretting process.

Cracking Induced by Fretting of Aluminium Alloys

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Zhou ◽  
L. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Main Effects

Fretting-wear and fretting-fatigue loadings can both result in wear (material loss) and in crack nucleation and propagation (fatigue process). This paper deals with cracking induced by small amplitude displacements in the case of aeronautic aluminium alloys. The two sets of fretting maps are introduced: running condition fretting map is composed of partial slip (sticking), mixed fretting and gross sliding regime; material response fretting map is associated with two macro-degradation modes. Crack nucleation and propagation are analysed for every fretting regime. The mixed fretting regime appeared most detrimental with regards to fatigue cracking. Slip amplitude and normal load main effects discussed for fretting wear can be used to justify the fatigue limit decrease often obtained for fretting fatigue experiments.

A Novel Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model to Simulate Third Body Effects on Fretting Wear of Hertzian Point Contact in Partial Slip

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Ahmadi ◽  
Farshid Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Third Body ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
The Third

Abstract In this investigation, a finite element (FE) model was developed to study the third body effects on the fretting wear of Hertzian contacts in the partial slip regime. An FE three-dimensional Hertzian point contact model operating in the presence of spherical third bodies was developed. Both first bodies and third bodies were modeled as elastic–plastic materials. The effect of the third body particles on contact stresses and stick-slip behavior was investigated. The influence of the number of third body particles and material properties including modulus of elasticity, hardening modulus, and yield strength were analyzed. Fretting loops in the presence and absence of wear particles were compared, and the relation between the number of cycles and the hardening process was evaluated. The results indicated that by increasing the number of particles in contact, more load was carried by the wear particles which affect the wear-rate of the material. In addition, due to the high plastic deformation of the debris, the wear particles deformed and took a platelet shape. Local stick-slip behavior over the third body particles was also observed. The results of having wear debris with different material properties than the first bodies indicated that harder wear particles have a higher contact pressure and lower slip at the location of particles which affects the wear-rate.

Characterization of Cofficient of Friction in Dry Contact for Control of Vibrations in Machine Systems

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Abdo ◽  
Kambiz Farhang ◽  
Glenn Meinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Dry Contact ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Alloy 6061

Abstract A 2k factorial experiment is performed to ascertain the effect of four factors and their cross influence on friction between dry surfaces. The factors in this study include materials Young’s modulus, applied normal load, surface roughness and relative surface speed. For each combination of factors four replicates in addition to two center points are used to obtain an average coefficient of friction for dry contact. In the experiment 304 Stainless Steel and Alloy 6061 Aluminum are employed to provide the high and low levels of Young’s modulus. Results suggest that Young’s modulus has the most significant influence followed by velocity/modulus cross-coupling, surface roughness, load, and modulus/roughness. Analyses are carried out separately for the 304 Stainless Steel and alloy 6061 Aluminum to remove the effect of Young’s modulus. The results are used to obtain iso-friction curves that serve to establish force-speed control for prevention of stick-slip vibration.

Transition of Friction and Wear by Stick-Slip Phenomenon in Various Environments under Fretting Conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1344-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Jeong ◽  
Jung Min Park ◽  
Young Ze Lee
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Tangential Displacement ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Wet Friction ◽  
Fretting Damage ◽  
Wear Tests

The fretting wear arises when contacting surfaces undergo oscillatory tangential displacement of small amplitude. Depending on the degree of stick and slip there are three kinds of the contact motions, such as gross-slip, partial-slip and stick-slip. The fretting damage occurs most severely when the transition from gross-slip to partial-slip happens. In this paper, the transitions of friction and wear under fretting were investigated by ball-on-disk wear tests in various environments, which were dry friction of air and nitrogen, and wet friction of mineral oil and engine oil. The transition from partial-slip to stick-slip firstly occurred in nitrogen environment, and then in air. Later, the transition occurred at higher load in mineral oil, and then lastly in engine oil.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON GROSS SLIP AND FRETTING WEAR OF CONTACTS INVOLVING A POWER-LAW GRADED ELASTIC HALF-SPACE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hess
Keyword(s):  
Half Space ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Closed Form Solutions

For the steady wear state of two contact problems involving power-law graded materials, closed-form solutions are derived in terms of pressure distribution and limiting shapes of profile. Both gross slip of an initially flat-ended cylindrical punch on a power-law graded half-space and the load-controlled fretting wear under partial slip of an initially parabolic indenter are studied. In the case of gross slip at fixed penetration depth there exists a certain exponent of elastic inhomogeneity, for which the effective volume change takes its maximum value. To minimize wear due to fretting under partial slip, an amplitude dependent design of the material gradient is necessary. For large amplitudes of the tangential force a gradient ranged from a soft surface to a hard ground is beneficial, small amplitudes require a reverse gradient characterized by a hard surface and a soft ground. However, the choice of the material gradient also has a decisive influence on the strength of stress singularities at the contact edge and thus the initiation of fretting fatigue cracks, which is why it is discussed in more detail.

scholarly journals The Effect of Displacement Amplitude on Fretting Wear Behavior and Damage Mechanism of Alloy 690 in Different Gaseous Atmospheres

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5778
Author(s):  
Long Xin ◽  
Lanzheng Kang ◽  
Weiwei Bian ◽  
Mengyang Zhang ◽  
Qinglei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Displacement Amplitude ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Slip Regime ◽  
Mixed Regime ◽  
Alloy 690 ◽  
Strong Adhesion

The effect of displacement amplitude on fretting wear behavior and damage mechanisms of alloy 690 in air and nitrogen atmospheres was investigated in detail. The results showed that in air, the friction coefficient gradually increased with the increase in displacement amplitude which conformed to the universal law. In nitrogen, however, it had the highest point at the displacement amplitude of 60 μm due to very strong adhesion. Whether in air or nitrogen, the wear volume gradually increased with the increase in displacement amplitude. The wear volume in air was larger than that in nitrogen except at 30 μm. At 30 μm, the wear volume in air was slightly smaller. With an increase in displacement amplitude, a transformation of fretting running status between partial slip, mixed stick-slip, and final gross slip occurred along with the change of Ft-D curves from linear, to elliptic, to, finally, parallelogrammical. Correspondingly, the fretting regime changed from a partial slip regime to a mixed regime to a gross slip regime. With the increase in displacement amplitude, the transition from partial slip to gross slip in nitrogen was delayed as compared with in air due to the strong adhesion actuated by low oxygen content in a reducing environment. Whether in air or nitrogen, the competitive relation between fretting-induced fatigue and fretting-induced wear was prominent. The cracking velocity was more rapid than the wear. Fretting-induced fatigue dominated at 30 μm in air but at 30–60 μm in nitrogen. Fretting-induced wear won the competition at 45–90 μm in air but at 75–90 μm in nitrogen.

Friction modeling for dynamic system simulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Berger
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
System Simulation ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
System Response ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
System Models

Friction is a very complicated phenomenon arising at the contact of surfaces. Experiments indicate a functional dependence upon a large variety of parameters, including sliding speed, acceleration, critical sliding distance, temperature, normal load, humidity, surface preparation, and, of course, material combination. In many engineering applications, the success of models in predicting experimental results remains strongly sensitive to the friction model. Furthermore, a broad cross section of engineering and science disciplines have developed interesting ways of representing friction, with models originating from the fundamental mechanics areas, the system dynamics and controls fields, as well as many others. A fundamental unresolved question in system simulation remains: what is the most appropriate way to include friction in an analytical or numerical model, and what are the implications of friction model choice? This review article draws upon the vast body of literature from many diverse engineering fields and critically examines the use of various friction models under different circumstances. Special focus is given to specific topics: lumped-parameter system models (usually of low order)—use of various types of parameter dependence of friction; continuum system models—continuous interface models and their discretization; self-excited system response—steady-sliding stability, stick/slip, and friction model requirements; and forced system response—stick/slip, partial slip, and friction model requirements. The conclusion from this broad survey is that the system model and friction model are fundamentally coupled, and they cannot be chosen independently. Furthermore, the usefulness of friction model and the success of the system dynamic model rely strongly on each other. Across disciplines, it is clear that multi-scale effects can dominate performance of friction contacts, and as a result more research is needed into computational tools and approaches capable of resolving the diverse length scales present in many practical problems. There are 196 references cited in this review-article.

scholarly journals Fretting Wear Behavior and Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis of a Ti/TiN Multilayer Film Deposited on Depleted Uranium

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengfa Zhu ◽  
Yanping Wu ◽  
Zhengyang Li ◽  
Liping Fang ◽  
Anyi Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Depleted Uranium ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
Slip Region

Depleted uranium has been widely applied in nuclear energy fields. However, its poor corrosion and wear resistance restrict its applications. A titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN) multilayer film was deposited on a uranium surface to improve its fretting wear resistance. Fretting wear tests were carried out using a pin-on-disc configuration. The fretting behaviors of uranium and the Ti/TiN film were investigated under different normal loads. With the normal load increasing, the mode of fretting wear gradually transformed from slip region (SR) to mixed fretting region (MFR) and then to partial slip region (PSR). It is illustrated that the normal load had an obvious effect on the fretting wear behavior. The friction coefficients of both uranium and Ti/TiN multilayer film decreased with the increase of the normal load. In SR, the main wear mechanisms were delamination and abrasion for uncoated uranium, and delamination and oxidation for uranium coated with the Ti/TiN multilayer film. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis also showed that the Ti/TiN coating was oxidized and formed TiO2 during fretting wear. The wear depth of naked uranium was much greater than that of coated uranium, which demonstrated that the Ti/TiN multilayer film could effectively improve the wear properties of uranium.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Fretting Wear Behavior and Damage Mechanism in Alloy 690TT with Cycle Number

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Xin ◽  
Yongming Han ◽  
Ligong Ling ◽  
Weidong Zhang ◽  
Yonghao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Cycle Number

The evolution of fretting wear behavior and damage mechanism in Alloy 690TT with cycle number was investigated via laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focus ion beam (FIB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the fretting running status underwent a transition from partial slip and mixed stick-slip to final gross slip with the transformation of Ft–D curves from the ellipse to the parallelogram. The coefficient of friction (COF) experienced three drops throughout the fretting process, which indicated the transformation from high-friction wear to low-friction wear. The first drop was due to the transition from two-body to three-body contact. The second and third drops were mainly related to the evolution of the glaze layer from a localized distribution to completely covering the whole contact surface. The competition between fretting induced fatigue cracking (FIF) and fretting induced wear (FIW) ran through the entire fretting wear process. Before the 1.2 × 104th cycle, the fatigue crack growth was faster than wear, and FIF won the competition. As the fretting cycle continued to increase, the wear velocity was obviously faster than that of FIF, which indicated that FIW defeated FIF. The tribologically transformed structure (TTS) participated in the competition between FIF and FIW. The gain boundaries and dislocations in the TTS were a suitable pathway for crack initiation and propagation and oxygen permeation.

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