Efficiency Enhancement of Photovoltaic/Thermal Module Using Front Surface Cooling Technique in Winter and Summer Seasons: An Experimental Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sainthiya ◽  
Narendra S. Beniwal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Overall Efficiency

This paper presents the effect of the front surface water cooling on performance parameters (solar cell temperature, back surface temperature, outlet water temperature, electrical efficiency, overall efficiency, etc.) of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) module in both winter and summer seasons in Indian climatic conditions. A mathematical model of PV/T module considering energy balance equations has also been presented. A comparative analysis of performance parameters obtained analytically and experimentally has also been presented. A fair agreement has also been found between analytical and experimental results which is supported by correlation coefficient of approximately unity and root mean square error of 10–14%. By front surface water cooling, solar cell and back surface temperature of PV/T module have been found to decrease considerably which in turn resulted in enhanced electrical and overall efficiency of module in winter and summer seasons.

Optimization of Interval-Based Back Surface Water Cooling For Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sainthiya ◽  
Navneet Garg ◽  
Narendra S. Beniwal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells degrades, when the temperature increases more than a certain limit. To maintain the temperature within the limit, we consider and analyze a back surface-based water cooled PV system. This analysis shows that the cell temperatures are proportional to the negative exponent of the water flowrates and higher flowrates increase the power consumption. Keeping this in mind, we present interval-based cooling in order to reduce the total consumed power. Moreover, the active pump duration and water flowrates are optimized to maximize the electrical efficiency of the PV system. Due to non-convex nature of the objective function, the Genetic algorithm is employed to get the solutions. Simulation results show that the optimized water flowrate for a given interval duration minimizes the consumed power in pumping system, while maintaining the temperatures within the limit.

scholarly journals Surface Passivation Studies on n+pp+ Bifacial Solar Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaila Sepeai ◽  
M. Y. Sulaiman ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Saleem H. Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Antireflective Coatings ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Sandwiched Structure ◽  
Bifacial Solar Cell

Bifacial solar cell is a specially designed solar cell for the production of electricity from both sides of the solar cell. It is an active field of research to make photovoltaics (PV) more competitive by increasing its efficiency and lowering its costs. We developed an n+pp+ structure for the bifacial solar cell. The fabrication used phosphorus-oxy-trichloride (POCl3) diffusion to form the emitter and Al diffusion using conventional screen printing to produce the back surface field (BSF). The n+pp+ bifacial solar cell was a sandwiched structure of antireflective coatings on both sides, Argentum (Ag) as a front contact and Argentum/Aluminum (Ag/Al) as a back contact. This paper reports the solar cell performance with different surface passivation or antireflecting coatings (ARC). Silicon nitride (SiN) deposited by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2), PECVD-SiO2, and SiO2/SiN stack were used as ARC. The efficiency obtained for the best bifacial solar cell having SiN as the ARC is 8.32% for front surface illumination and 3.21% for back surface illumination.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of Bifacial Dual SIS Solar Cell and Optimization of Tilt Angle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaustuv Dasgupta ◽  
Anup Mondal ◽  
Utpal Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Sis Junction ◽  
Optimum Cost ◽  
P Type

Abstract The major challenge of PV cell design and installation has always been to find the optimum cost per energy and area of installation of solar panels. In densely populated and high-yielding agricultural country like India land acquisition is becoming an issue. Moreover the consisting demand to deduce the cost per energy indulges the worldwide scientists to design more efficient solar cells with low production cost. In developing countries scientists and engineers are trying to find an amicable solution to meet up these problems. In this paper the mathematical modelling of a dual SIS bifacial vertically mounted solar panel has been proposed to mitigate the energy and land area crisis in countries of Indian subcontinent, south Asia and elsewhere. The SIS (Semiconductor-Insulator-Semiconductor) technology was chosen for its extremely low thermal budget and less complicated production procedure. A bifacial solar cell with SIS junction in both sides was modelled. The front surface SIS junction was considered ZnO-SiO2-Si(p-type) while the back surface junction was considered Si(p type)-Al2O3-SnO. The efficiency for front and back surface was calculated as 5.64% and 5.58% respectively. We have further considered the effect of albedo from two different surfaces (soil and concrete) and the efficiencies of front and back surface for these albedo radiations. The angle of installation was optimized for both these effects. Considering both direct and albedo the all-day efficiency was calculated as 22.47% for a sunny day tropical region.

Thermal Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal System Under Combined Surface Water Cooling in Winter Season: An Experimental Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sainthiya ◽  
Narendra Singh Beniwal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Modeling ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Winter Condition ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
T System

Abstract In this paper, thermal modeling of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system has been developed under combined (front and back) water surface cooling. An analytical expression has been derived for solar cell temperature (Tcs), back surface temperature (Tbs), and overall efficiency (ηOE) of the hybrid PV/T system for the winter condition. Statistical analysis has been performed in the cold climate of MNIT, Jaipur (India), for determining performance parameters of the hybrid PV/T system. An experimental validation has been carried out for the developed thermal model, and fair agreement between the numerical and experimental observations has been observed. We have also calculated the electrical (ηele), thermal (ηth), and overall efficiency (ηOE) as 18.83%, 43.8%, and 64.56%, respectively, and output power as 57.39 mW in the winter condition. We have also noticed that better performance is given by 1.5 LPM out of the four (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 LPM) flow rates.

A Methodology of Predicting Cavity Geometry Based on Scanned Surface Temperature Data—Prescribed Surface Temperature at the Cavity Side

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Hsieh ◽  
K. C. Su
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature Data ◽  
Wall Position

The scanned surface temperature data from a body are used to predict the cavity lying underneath the surface. The basic system under investigation is a plane wall having a rectangular cavity at the back surface. The front surface dissipates heat by convection; this is also the surface whose temperature is scanned. For a prescribed surface temperature specified on the cavity side, a numerical solution is found convenient to predict the cavity top and the approximate location of the cavity wall. A recheck of the cavity wall position calls for matching the recalculated surface temperature with the measured temperature. The data are found to be well behaved to the extent that an interpolation is possible when the mesh size chosen happens to miss the wall position. The methodology can also be extended to prediction of holes in a three-dimensional body.

Photovoltaic Device Applications of Porous Silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Tsuo ◽  
M. J. Heben ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
Y. Xiao ◽  
C. A. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Porous Si ◽  
Device Applications

ABSTRACTWe report on the results of our investigation of using porous Si to enhance the performance of crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar cells. Possible approaches include using the porous Si for (1) surface texturing to enhance light trapping, (2) front or back surface fields because of its wider bandgap, and (3) photon color conversion of blue light to longer wavelengths that have higher quantum efficiency in a Si solar cell. In our surface texturing study, a porous-Si-covered single-crystal Si wafer showed an integrated reflectance of only 1.4% at 500-nm wavelength compared to about 40% for a polished Si surface. For our solar cell study, we used a point-contact cell structure with diffused p+ and n+ point contacts on the back of the cell. This cell structure allows us to form the porous Si on the front surface after both the junction formation and the evaporation and alloying of metal contacts.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of a Novel Hetero-junction SIS Front Surface and Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaustuv Dasgupta ◽  
Anup Mondal ◽  
Soma Ray ◽  
Utpal Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Back Contact ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Layer Deposition

Abstract In this paper we have proposed the design and fabrication of a novel hetero junction SIS front surface and interdigitated back contact solar cell. We have approximated the performance parameters and loss analysis of the proposed solar cell by using MATLAB software programming. Many groups of scientists have reported the experimental analysis of a-Si back contact interdigitated solar cell in different studies. Many silicon hetero junction solar cell design and results have been reported with some promising efficiency in last few decades. In this study a high life time(~2 ms) n-Si substrate was considered so that a sufficient amount of light generated career can reach to the interdigitated layer to get absorbed. The availability of the careers at the interdigitated back surface was further enhanced by considering and high-low junction at the front surface created by a ZnO n+ layer at the front surface. A very thin layer of thermally generated insulator SiO2 was considered in between ZnO and n-Si. This layer improves the detrimental effect of interface defects. This is the first time we have theorized interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell using metal oxide semiconductors layer deposition avoiding the expensive and complicated doping and diffusion process. In general a high concentration n+ layer is doped to create the high-low junction at front to accelerate the carriers to the back junctions. We are proposing a cost effective thermal deposition of SiO2 layer followed by sol-gel ZnO layer deposition which serves the same purpose of an n+ layer by introducing an SIS junction potential at front. The interdigitated back surface was designed with subsequent n+ a:Si and p+ a:Si vertical junctions.

Study on Fault Detection for Photovoltaic Array Using Infrared Image

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 280-284
Author(s):  
Zi Yang Zhang ◽  
Jun Sheng Shi ◽  
Jing Yu Zhang ◽  
Xu Qing Wu ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Infrared Image ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Infrared Imager

This paper provides proof of concept for a technique that uses high resolution thermal infrared imager to detect faults for outdoor operation photovoltaic array. An experimental study focused on two situations was tested: abnormal emitting heat of monocrystalline silicon solar cells (hot spot); open circuit fault of photovoltaic array. Experimental results show that the infrared image could clearly give prominence to the faulty solar cell or PV array. The back surface temperature of solar cell with hot spot is higher than normal ones with 13.2°C in mean value，and the back surface temperature of open circuit PV array is higher than normal ones with 2.8°C in mean value.

A Kind of Effective Method to Improve the Conversion Efficiency of the Solar Cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Fang Jiang ◽  
Xiang-Min Kong ◽  
Xin-Lu Li ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Dong-Dong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Laser Array ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Cell Conversion ◽  
Laser Perforation

For the bottleneck problem of the conversion efficiency in silicon-based solar cell, the Metallization Wrap– through (MWT) technology is one of the effective methods based on the analysis of factors affecting the solar cell conversion efficiency. The MWT technology is based on laser perforation and that the bus grid lines in the front surface of the solar cell are moved to the back surface. The effective area on the front surface increases and the conversion efficiency is improved. One of the most important processes in MWT technology is laser perforation and a new perforation scheme using two-dimensional laser array is designed. The high power laser is divided into a number of beams then those beams are arranged in a two-dimensional array. The silicon wafer is placed in a predetermined position by suction cup and is moved by stepper motor. The light barriers are opened by triggering switch and the silicon wafer is exposed. After a series of light, machine, and electric processes a rapid one-time two-dimensional array laser perforation on silicon wafer is formed. This patent is expected to be used in solar cell production department soon.

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