Effects of Dynamic Operational Conditions on Thermal Infrared Imaging of Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vumbugwa ◽  
J. L. Crozier McCleland ◽  
E. E. van Dyk ◽  
F. J. Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Electrical Loads

Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) modules installed in the field generate electrical power under different meteorological and operational conditions; therefore, maintenance of the modules is crucial for the longevity of the PV modules. Thermal infrared (TIR) imaging is a widely used monitoring technique for quality checks of PV modules in plants. It is ideally conducted on operational PV modules under steady ambient conditions; however, PV modules operate under dynamic climatic conditions which influence the overall operation of all solar cells and modules. The dynamic nature of thermal signatures was observed on TIR images when monocrystalline PV modules operated under varying electrical loads and irradiance. A change in operating conditions affected the level of current mismatch between cells since at high irradiance of about 1000 watts per square meter (W m−2) and while operating close to short circuit current at reduced load, the PV cells generated a higher current which led to significant current mismatch. This resulted in several abnormally hot cells being identified on TIR images. Under lower irradiance and larger electrical loads, fewer hot cells were observed and cracked cells (identified through Electroluminescence (EL)) appeared as good cells due to minimal current mismatch. The effectiveness of TIR imaging to reveal underperforming defective cells as hot cells depends on the operating conditions and can mislead decision-making when PV module maintenance is carried out. This work gives valuable information which can be of importance in improving the maintenance systems of PV modules when TIR imaging is conducted.

scholarly journals Research on the potential-induced degradation (PID) of PV modules running in two typical climate regions

Clean Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Gang Sun ◽  
Xiaohe Tu ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Different Types

Abstract In order to accurately select photovoltaic modules under different climatic conditions, three kinds of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules were prepared for this study using different properties of packaging materials and two typical climatic zones of China were selected for installation and operation of these photovoltaic (PV) modules. The photoelectric parameters (maximum power, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, etc.) and electroluminescence images of these modules were analysed before and after their operation for 6 months. The study found that the performance of PV modules in different climatic regions shows different decay tendency and degradation mechanism. There was a significant difference in the degradation of the three different types of PV modules in the sub-humid-hot region (Suzhou, Jiangsu); two kinds of photovoltaic modules using relatively poorly performing package materials showed significant potential-induced degradation effects. However, the degradation trend of the three different types of PV modules in the warm-temperate region (Kenli, Shandong) was consistent and no significant potential-induced degradation effect was observed.

scholarly journals Simulation Study to Investigate the Effects of Operational Conditions on Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation for Hydrogen Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haris Hamayun ◽  
Ibrahim M. Maafa ◽  
Murid Hussain ◽  
Rabya Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Addition ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation

In the recent era, hydrogen has gained immense consideration as a clean-energy carrier. Its storage is, however, still the main hurdle in the implementation of a hydrogen-based clean economy. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are a potential option for hydrogen storage in ambient conditions, and can contribute to the clean-fuel concept in the future. In the present work, a parametric and simulation study was carried out for the storage and release of hydrogen for the methylcyclohexane toluene system. In particular, the methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation reaction is investigated over six potential catalysts for the temperature range of 300–450 °C and a pressure range of 1–3 bar to select the best catalyst under optimum operating conditions. Moreover, the effects of hydrogen addition in the feed mixture, and byproduct yield, are also studied as functions of operating conditions. The best catalyst selected for the process is 1 wt. % Pt/γ-Al2O3. The optimum operating conditions selected for the dehydrogenation process are 360 °C and 1.8 bar. Hydrogen addition in the feed reduces the percentage of methylcyclohexane conversion but is required to enhance the catalyst’s stability. Aspen HYSYS v. 9.0 (AspenTech, Lahore, Pakistan) has been used to carry out the simulation study.

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Validation of One Diode and Three Parameters–Based PV Models

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Rui Castro ◽  
Miguel Silva
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Electrical Behavior ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Iterative Equations ◽  
3P Model ◽  
Theoretical Results

The present paper defines and assesses a new simplified method to represent the photovoltaic (PV) modules’ electrical behavior, based on the commonly used one diode and three parameters (1D + 3P) model, addressing two main objectives. The first one is to quantify and assess, at different operating conditions, the PV modules electrical behavior estimations’ accuracy provided by the well-known 1D + 3P, through a comparison based on experimental and theoretical results. The second one concerns the performance assessment of the 1D + 3P model’s suggested approximation, aiming at simplifying the mathematics instead of solving complex iterative equations, which hinges on higher computational time to obtain accurate results. Hence, experimental and theoretical data were considered, aiming at performing a thorough comparison with more than 17,000 PV modules being assessed, which was achieved by using both the California Energy Commission (CEC) database and PVsyst software. The findings show that the already known 1D + 3P model delivers satisfactory power output estimations for crystalline silicon modules and high irradiance conditions. However, its performance worsens when considering Low Irradiance and thin-film technology. In comparison with the original model, accurate results were obtained with the new simplified suggested 1D + 3P for all irradiance conditions and technologies assessed, thus proving its validity and capability of circumventing the aforementioned challenges.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on Electrical Characteristics of Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman Jatoi ◽  
Saleem Raza Samo ◽  
Abdul Qayoom Jakhrani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of temperature on electrical characteristics of crystalline and amorphous photovoltaic (PV) modules in outdoor conditions at Nawabshah. The experimental setup was made over the roof of the departmental building. The climatic conditions of site were recorded with the help of HP-2000 Professional Weather Station in three different timings of the day, i.e. morning, noon and evening. The electrical characteristics of the PV modules were recorded with Prova-210 and module temperatures with Prova-830. The maximum intensity of global solar radiation was recorded at noon and ambient temperature in the evening and the relative humidity in the morning hours. It was observed that amorphous module got 0.7°C, 1.0°C and 1.6°C more average temperature than polycrystalline, thin film and monocrystalline modules respectively. The average maximum measured open-circuit voltage was noted from amorphous with 96.7% and minimum from thin film with 81.3% of their respective values on standard conditions, whereas, the average maximum recorded short-circuit current was produced by thin film with 64.9% and minimum by amorphous with 51.4%. The average maximum power was produced by polycrystalline and minimum by amorphous module. It was discovered that the crystalline PV modules gave more fill factor than thin film and amorphous module.Article History: Received January 6th 2018; Received in revised form May 5th 2018; Accepted May 26th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Jatoi, A.R., Samo, S.R. and Jakhrani, A.Q. (2018). Influence of Temperature on Electrical Characteristics of Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 85-91.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.85-91

Use of thermal infrared imaging for monitoring renewed dome growth at Mount St. Helens, 2004

2008 ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Schneider ◽  
James W. Vallance ◽  
Rick L. Wessels ◽  
Matthew Logan ◽  
Michael S. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽  
Dome Growth ◽  
Mount St Helens

scholarly journals Core Stress Analysis of Amorphous Alloy Transformer for Rail Transit under Different Working Conditions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Jianwei Shao ◽  
Cuidong Xu ◽  
Ka Wai Eric Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Distribution Transformers

The rail transit system is a large electric vehicle system that is strongly dependent on the energy technologies of the power system. The use of new energy-saving amorphous alloy transformers can not only reduce the loss of rail transit power, but also help alleviate the power shortage situation and electromagnetic emissions. The application of the transformer in the field of rail transit is limited by the problem that amorphous alloy is prone to debris. this paper studied the stress conditions of amorphous alloy transformer cores under different working conditions and determined that the location where the core is prone to fragmentation, which is the key problem of smoothly integrating amorphous alloy distribution transformers on rail transit power supply systems. In this study, we investigate the changes in the electromagnetic field and stress of the amorphous alloy transformer core under different operating conditions. The finite element model of an amorphous alloy transformer is established and verified. The simulation results of the magnetic field and stress of the core under different working conditions are given. The no-load current and no-load loss are simulated and compared with the actual experimental data to verify practicability of amorphous alloy transformers. The biggest influence on the iron core is the overload state and the maximum value is higher than the core stress during short circuit. The core strain caused by the side-phase short circuit is larger than the middle-phase short circuit.

scholarly journals Generating Electricity from Natural Evaporation Using PVDF Thin Films Incorporating Nanocomposite Materials

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Ariel Ma ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
William Uspal
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pvdf Film ◽  
Ambient Conditions

Natural evaporation has recently come under consideration as a viable source of renewable energy. Demonstrations of the validity of the concept have been reported for devices incorporating carbon-based nanocomposite materials. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using polymer thin films to generate electricity from natural evaporation. We considered a polymeric system based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Porous PVDF films were created by incorporating a variety of nanocomposite materials into the polymer structure through a simple mixing procedure. Three nanocomposite materials were considered: carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and silica. The evaporation-induced electricity generation was confirmed experimentally under various ambient conditions. Among the nanocomposite materials considered, mesoporous silica (SBA-15) was found to outperform the other two materials in terms of open-circuit voltage, and graphene oxide generated the highest short-circuit current. It was found that the nanocomposite material content in the PVDF film plays an important role: on the one hand, if particles are too few in number, the number of channels will be insufficient to support a strong capillary flow; on the other hand, an excessive number of particles will suppress the flow due to excessive water absorption underneath the surface. We show that the device can be modeled as a simple circuit powered by a current source with excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental data.

Impact of climatic conditions on the parameters of failure flow of military vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110202
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Dobrzinskij ◽  
Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽  
Kestutis Pilkauskas ◽  
Egidijus Slizys
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the article is based on participation of armed forces in various operations and exercises, where reliability of machinery is one of the most important factors. Transportation of soldiers as well as completion of variety of tasks is ensured by properly functioning technical equipment. Reliability of military vehicles – armoured SISU E13TP Finnish built and HMMWV M1025 USA built were selected as the object of the article. Impact of climatic conditions on reliability of the vehicles exploited in southwestern part of the Atlantic continental forest area is researched by a case study of the vehicles exploitation under conditions of the climate of Lithuania. Reliability of military vehicles depends on a number of factors such as properties of the vehicles and external conditions of their operation. Their systems and mechanisms are influenced by a number of factors that cause different failures. Climatic conditions represent one of the factors of operating load which is directly dependent on the climate zone. Therefore, assessment of the reliability is started with the analysis of climatic factors affecting operating conditions of the vehicles. Relationship between the impact of climatic factors and failure flow of the vehicles is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Research on operating conditions of electric propulsion ships under transformer interturn short circuit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1976 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
Bo Ma ◽  
Xixiu Wu ◽  
Wenyu Ma ◽  
Qichao Zhang ◽  
Bowen Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Operating Conditions

A Simple Design Approach for Excitation Controller and Power System Stabilizer

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fusco ◽  
M. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power System Stabilizer ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
System Stabilizer

This paper proposes a simple design procedure to solve the problem of controlling generator transient stability following large disturbances in power systems. A state-feedback excitation controller and power system stabilizer are designed to guarantee robustness against uncertainty in the system parameters. These controllers ensure satisfactory swing damping and quick decay of the voltage regulation error over a wide range of operating conditions. The controller performance is evaluated in a case study in which a three-phase short-circuit fault near the generator terminals in a four-bus power system is simulated.

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