Induction Annealing of Austenitic Spring Steels for Nuclear Reactors

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Hajek ◽  
David Rot ◽  
Jana Cubrova ◽  
Jakub Jirinec
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Spring Steels ◽  
Induction Annealing ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Frequency Controller ◽  
Annealing Method ◽  
Process Annealing

Abstract This paper describes designing and experimental trials of an induction annealing method for AISI 321H austenitic steel wires. Specifically, it explores the feasibility of incorporating an existing frequency controller into a wire drawing line to provide induction heating of the wire stock to annealing temperatures. In-process annealing is necessary to make cold wire drawing possible by restoring the ductility of the wire stock. The reason is that the wire products are required to have strengths in excess of 1600 MPa in some cases. Hence, the only way to meet this requirement is to apply severe deformation combined with sufficiently effective polygonization.

The High Speed Wire Drawing Process of Steel Wires under Fluid Frictions Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Maciej Suliga
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Wire Surface ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Drawing Speed ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Multiparameter Analysis

The essential purpose of the work was to determine the phenomena that occur in multipass wire drawing process of high carbon steel wires with high speed in hydrodynamic dies and to assess their influence on moulding the wire properties after the drawing process. The multiparameter analysis of the issues has involved the theoretical dissection of the phenomena arising in high speed wire drawing process in hydrodynamic dies with the usage of the finite element method supported by the experimental multipass drawing process in industrial conditions. On the basis of numerical analysis the influence of drawing speed on wire temperature was estimated. For final wires the investigation of mechanical properties, topogrhaphy of wire surface, the amount of lubricant on the wire surface, the pressure of lubricant in hydrodynamic dies were determined.

Structure Evolution in Steel Wires During Drawing

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bo Huang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Relationship

In present research, the structure evolution of the pearlite steel wire during cold drawing is systematically investigated, and the relationship between structure evolution and strength increase during wire drawing is analyzed. During cold drawing, the wire strength increases; inter-lamellar spaces of the pearlites decrease, which has an important effect on properties of cold drawn wires; accumulation of high density dislocation in ferrite phase can be thought to be one of the reasons for strengthening the wire, meanwhile, the amorphous phase forming in cemetites also make the wire strengthen; especially, the wire strength is effected seriously by the intensity of the fiber texture <110>, and as drawing, the wire strength increases.

scholarly journals The Analysis of the High Speed Wire Drawing Process of High Carbon Steel Wires Under Hydrodynamic Lubrication Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Suliga
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Wire Surface ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Drawing Speed ◽  
The Wire

Abstract In this work the analysis of the wire drawing process in hydrodynamic dies has been done. The drawing process of φ5.5 mm wire rod to the final wire of φ1.7 mm was conducted in 12 passes, in drawing speed range of 5-25 m/s. For final wires of φ1.7 mm the investigation of topography of wire surface, the amount of lubricant on the wire surface and the pressure of lubricant in hydrodynamic dies were determined. Additionally, in the work selected mechanical properties of the wires have been estimated. It has been shown that in the drawing process under hydrodynamic lubrication by drawing speed of 25 m/s the phenomena of uncontrolled formation of the surface and the diameter of the wire appears, and in the process the compressive stresses eliminating cracks on the wire surface occur, causing further smoothing. The wires drawn hydrodynamically in speed of 25 m/s, besides clearly worse properties compared to the wires drawn hydrodynamically at speeds in the range of 5 to 20 m/s, also exhibit large dimensional variations.

Microstructural Development in Nb-Ti Multifilamentary Superconductors During Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
A. W. West
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Critical Current Density ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Multifilamentary Superconductors

The influence of the filament microstructure on the critical current density values, Jc, of Nb-Ti multifilamentary superconducting composites has been well documented. However the development of these microstructures during composite processing is still under investigation.During manufacture, the multifilamentary composite is given several heat treatments interspersed in the wire-drawing schedule. Typically, these heat treatments are for 5 to 80 hours at temperatures between 523 and 573K. A short heat treatment of approximately 3 hours at 573K is usually given to the wire at final size. Originally this heat treatment was given to soften the copper matrix, but recent work has shown that it can markedly change both the Jc value and microstructure of the composite.

Benefits of Using Diamond Dies for Cold Alternate Drawing of Magnesium Alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stefanov Hristov ◽  
Kazunari Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
High Ductility ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Shearing Strain ◽  
Drawing Method

In recent years, due to its low density and high strength/weight ratio, magnesium alloy wires has been considered for application in many fields, such as welding, electronics, medical field (for production of stents). But for those purposes, we need to acquire wires with high strength and ductility. For that we purpose we proposed alternate drawing method, which is supposed to highly decrease the shearing strain near the surface of the wire after drawing, by changing the direction of the wire drawing with each pass and thus acquiring high ductility wires.We have done research on the cold alternate drawing of magnesium alloy wires, by conducting wire drawing of several magnesium wires and testing their strength, hardness, structure, surface and also finite element analysis, we have proven the increase of ductility at the expense of some strength.In this research we are looking to further improve the quality of the drawn wires by examining the benefits of using diamond dies over tungsten carbine dies. Using the alternate drawing method reduces the strength of the drawn wires and thus lowering their drawing limit. By using diamond dies we are aiming to decrease the drawing stress and further increase the drawing limit of the alternate drawn wires and also improve the quality of the finishing surface of the wires. With this in mind we are aiming to produce a good quality wire with low diameter, high ductility, high strength and fine wire surface.

Research on the Wire Drawing Die Pass Parameter Calculation Based on the Least Square Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 850-853
Author(s):  
Huai Xing Wen ◽  
Yong Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Drawing Die ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Drawing Dies

Drawing Dies meter A / D acquisition module will be collected from the mold hole contour data to draw a curve in Matlab. According to the mold pore structure characteristics of the curve, the initial cut-off point of each part of contour is determined and iteratived optimization to find the best cut-off point, use the least squares method for fitting piecewise linear and fitting optimization to find the function of the various parts of the curve function, finally calculate the pass parameters of drawing mode. Parameters obtained compare with the standard mold, both of errors are relatively small that prove the correctness of the algorithm. Also a complete algorithm flow of pass parameters is designed, it can fast and accurately measure the wire drawing die hole parameters.

Possibilities of Utilization of Waste Materials in Production of Electrically Conductive Composites on Silicate Basis

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Jana Majerová ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Powder ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Conductive Properties ◽  
Functional Fillers

The electrical conductivity of concrete can be achieved by adding steel wires or functional fillers. Commonly used fillers are nanotubes, carbon black, nickel powder and so on. These fillers are expensive, but there is a possibility to use waste materials. This is the subject of this experiment. The conductive properties of conductive sand, sludge from the wire drawing process, iron grinding dust waste and waste carbon were verified. From these fillers, waste carbon showed the best electrical properties (impedance). The impedance of the waste carbon was 0.31 Ω and the impedance of the cement composite containing 70% of the weight of waste carbon was less than 670 Ω.

Deformation Law of Cold Drawing Process of High Strength Bridge Cable Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 801-807
Author(s):  
Xiao Lei Yin ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
Gang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Strain Path ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Radial Deformation ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Potential Relationship ◽  
The Wire

High-strength cable-steel bridge is the “lifeline” of steel structure bridges, which requires high comprehensive mechanical properties, and cold-drawing is the most important process to produce high-strength cable-steel bridge. Therefore, through the ABAQUS platform, a bridge wire drawing model was established, and the simulation analysis on the process of stress strain law and strain path trends for high-strength bridge steel wire from Φ 12.65 mm by seven cold-drawing to Φ 6.90 mm was conducted. The simulation results show that the wire drawing the heart of the main axial deformation, surface and sub-surface of the main axial and radial deformation occurred, with the increase in the number of drawing the road, the overall deformation of the wire was also more obvious non-uniformity. In the single-pass drawing process, the change in the potential relationship of each layer of material was small, and multiple inflection points appeared in the strain path diagram; the change in the seven-pass potential relationship was more drastic, which can basically be regarded as a simple superposition of multiple single-pass pulls.

First Paper: The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Ductility of Alloy Steel Wires in a Cold Heading Process

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Thomason
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Fracture Crack ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Process Annealing

Longitudinal grooves of various depths ranging from 0.001 in to 0.011 in were machined on the cylindrical surface of steel slugs prior to carrying out an automatic two-stage transfer heading operation. The longitudinal grooves were used to estimate the ‘critical groove depth’, which was defined as the depth of longitudinal groove that contained a ductile fracture crack just on the point of ‘opening out’ at the end of the heading process, thus giving a measure of the ductility of the wire. A half-replicate of a two-level factorial experiment was carried out to assess the effects and interactions of annealing temperature, annealing time, cooling rate and ageing temperature on the ductility of four different types of 1/2 in diameter cold heading steel wire. The results show that certain types of steel wires have optimum ductility in the ‘as-received’, cold-drawn, state. Other types of steel are shown to respond favourably to process annealing treatments, in which case annealing at 700°C for 1 hour followed by air cooling should give optimum ductility. It is shown that there is no general correlation between decreasing hardness and increasing ductility for steel wire.

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