Comparison of Alternative Cogeneration Power Systems for Three Industrial Sites

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen D. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Power Outputs

Three alternative on-site cogeneration power systems were evaluated against technical and economic criteria for three industrial sites. Technical factors included plant sizing to meet process thermal loads, fuel utilization, power output, siting consideration, fuel savings, etc. Economic factors included capital cost, return on equity, and ownership/financing options among others. Each cogeneration plant was evaluated by comparison with the current separate generation scheme. The technologies considered were 1) conventional coal-fired, steam topping cycles; 2) coal-fired, atmospheric fluidized bed/closed-cycle gas turbines; and 3) coal-fired, atmospheric fluidized bed/open cycle gas turbines. These approaches were optimized for three sites 1) an agricultural chemical plant, 2) a brewery, and 3) a kraft paper mill. The results showed that the closed cycle gas turbines yielded the best economics, primarily due to a lower initial cost. The open cycle gas turbine, when combined with a steam bottoming cycle, resulted in larger power outputs than would be realized in the closed cycle or steam turbine cases. None of the plants studied matched the plant electrical load while following the thermal load.

scholarly journals The Fluidized Bed Combustor-Heater Equipped Gas Fired CCGT

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Fejer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

The combustion of natural gas in an atmospheric fluidized bed combined with heat transfer from the bed to the working fluid is shown to be an attractive means for supplying heat to closed cycle gas turbines. It is demonstrated how this concept can yield high thermal efficiencies without the use of high temperature resistant materials and yield low levels of pollutant emissions. The features of the combustor-heater are established for a 9000 kW closed cycle gas turbine generator and comparisons are made with a conventional open cycle machine.

Technical and Economic Aspects of Closed Cycle Gas Turbines With Fluidized Bed Coal Firing

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oreste Bellofato ◽  
Augusto Galli
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Open Cycle

This paper considers the utilization of fluidized bed in various closed cycles and compares the main features of these with those of both the conventional open cycle and Rankine cycle. The possibility of developing modular closed cycle plants with 1123K max temperature is examined.

The Role of High Temperature Gas Turbines in Power Generation

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internally Cooled ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
High Temperature Gas

The purpose of this paper is to examine some possibilities for achieving high gas temperatures in the turbines of both open-cycle and closed-cycle plant and to show how some of the experience gained from research, development, and design of internally cooled blading for aero-engines can be applied to industrial power generation. For the short-term future, preferred schemes would seem to embrace the use of internal air cooling for open-cycle plant and refractory metals without cooling for closed-cycle nuclear plant.

State-of-the-Art Review of Closed Cycle Gas Turbines Burning Dirty Fuels

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Provenzale
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Critical Components

The Closed Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) offers potential savings in operating costs due to high system efficiency and the ability to direct fire coal. However, for the full potential of CCGT to be realized, more competitive cost information must be generated, correlated, and compared with conventional steam power systems. Current development programs are intended to resolve many of the remaining uncertainties in design, performance, and cost by detailed examination and testing of critical components of CCGT coal-fired power systems. This paper reviews current technology developments and economic considerations of the closed cycle gas turbine burning dirty fuels versus conventional steam power systems.

Applying Combined Pinch and Exergy Analysis to Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine System Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Dhole ◽  
J. P. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Pinch Technology

Pinch technology has developed into a powerful tool for thermodynamic analysis of chemical processes and associated utilities, resulting in significant energy savings. Conventional pinch analysis identifies the most economical energy consumption in terms of heat loads and provides practical design guidelines to achieve this. However, in analyzing systems involving heat and power, for example, steam and gas turbines, etc., pure heat load analysis is insufficient. Exergy analysis, on the other hand, provides a tool for heat and power analysis, although at times it does not provide clear practical design guidelines. An appropriate combination of pinch and exergy analysis can provide practical methodology for the analysis of heat and power systems. The methodology has been successfully applied to refrigeration systems. This paper introduces the application of a combined pinch and exergy approach to commercial power plants with a demonstration example of a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) system. Efficiency improvement of about 0.82 percent (50.2 to 51.02 percent) can be obtained by application of the new approach. More importantly, the approach can be used as an analysis and screening tool for the various design improvements and is generally applicable to any commercial power generation facility.

Underwater Power From Aluminum

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Bobb
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Deep Depth

A thermochemical power system having the highest theoretical performance (hp-hr/cu ft propellants) and particularly suited for underwater applications (power, heat, and propulsion) is described. In this system aluminum is reacted exothermally with sea-water to produce gaseous exhaust products, hydrogen-and steam. The exhaust products are expanded through a prime mover to produce shaft horsepower, or a combustion process can be added before the prime mover to convert the hydrogen to steam for applications that require condensable exhaust products. Open cycle (shallow depth operation) and closed cycle (deep depth operation) systems are described. The technique for reacting aluminum and water at low temperatures is discussed and aluminum-water reaction test data are presented. Design concepts of practical systems are shown, and typical power systems are compared relative to total energy, volume, and weight.

scholarly journals Fuel consumption of thermal power technologies under maneuvering modes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
V.S. Kobernik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Fluidized Bed Boilers

A characteristic feature of the present day development of power engineering lies in the increase in the unevenness of power systems schedules. The structure of generating powers of Ukrainian energy engineering is overloaded with basic powers and characterized by a sharp deficit of maneuvering wanes. To cover the uneven load of the power system during the operation of existing and construction of new power plants, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of their operation under maneuvering modes. This paper determines the influence of work of power plants i under maneuvering modes on the specific consumption of conditional fuel on the released electric energy at working on gas or coal fuel. Fuel consumption for starting of a unit depends on its type and downtime in reserve. The use of steam–and–gas facilities and gas turbines helps to enhance the maneuverability of power plants. Alternative options for the development of thermal energy are the introduction of gas–piston power plants and power units with fluidized–bed boilers. We present formulas for the calculations of fuel consumption on by power units for start–ups and specific consumptions depending on the load and degree of their involvement to regulating loads for different thermal energy technologies: steam–turbine condensation and district heating power units; steam–and–gas and gas turbine plants; gas piston installations; power units with fluidized bed boilers. For enhancing the maneuverability of power plants, working on fossil fuels, their modernization and renewal of software are necessary. Quantitative assessment of the efficiency of power units and separate power plants during their operation under variable modes is important for forecasting the structure of generating capacities of power systems, the need to introduce peak and semi–peak capacities, the choice of the most profitable composition of operating equipment at different schedules of electrical loads Keywords: thermal power, power unit, maneuverable mode, electrical load, specific fuel consumption

scholarly journals The Coal-Fired Gas Turbine Locomotive: A New Look

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Liddle ◽  
B. B. Bonzo ◽  
G. P. Purohit
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Coal Gasifier ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
External Combustion ◽  
Made In ◽  
New Look

The idea of a coal-fired gas turbine locomotive dates back over a half century with significant developments being made in the decade between 1944 and 1955. These developments did not lead to a locomotive which could compete with the Diesel locomotive. Today, with the increase in the price of Diesel fuel, a new look at coal-fired gas turbines is appropriate. Advances in turbomachinery technology and new means of coal combustion may have made it possible to develop a competitive locomotive. Of the various combinations of combustors, cycles, and turbines, the external combustion, closed cycle regenerative gas turbine with a fluidized bed coal combustor appears to be the best suited to this application. The external combustion, open cycle regenerative gas turbine; and the internal combustion, open cycle regenerative gas turbine with a coal gasifier are the second and third choices.

The Closed Cycle Gas Turbine, the Most Efficient Turbine Burning any Fuel

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tom Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Burning Coal

The are two types of gas turbines. The open cycle is very well known as for example the JET. The closed cycle in the U.S.A. is just starting to be well known. In Europe the closed cycle gas turbine has been used in power plants, especially in Germany and have been very efficient burning coal. I am going to concentrate on the CCGT - Closed Cycle Gas Turbine as it is the most efficient type of turbine. First I will give a brief report written by Dr. Curt Keller. Then the main part of this paper will give more details about the closed cycle gas turbine (CCGT) using various fuels.

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