5 MW Closed Cycle Gas Turbine

A novel closed-cycle gas turbine power system is now under development by the GWF Power Systems Company for cogeneration applications. Nominally the system produces 5 megawatts (MW) of electric power and 80,000 lb/hr (36,287 kg/hr) of 1000 psig (6895 kPa) steam. The heat source is an atmospheric fluidized bed combustor (AFBC) capable of using low-cost solid fuels while meeting applicable emission standards. A simple, low-pressure ratio, single spool, turbomachine is utilized. This paper describes the system and related performance, as well as the development and test efforts now being conducted. The initial commercial application of the system will be for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) of the heavy crudes produced in California.

The Thermal Stability of Aviation Fuel

The propensity of aviation turbine fuels to produce deposits in the oil-cooler and filter sections of aircraft fuel systems has been examined using a rig that simulates the fuel system of an aircraft and which employs realistic flow rates. All the fuels examined were found to be thermally stable up to temperatures in excess of those currently attained in engine oil coolers. Comparison with results obtained with the JFTOT indicates that this is not suited for use as a research tool.

Development of the PGT 25 High Efficiency Gas Turbine: Part 2 — Aerodynamic Design and Performance

This paper outlines parameter selection criteria and major procedures used in the PGT 25 gas turbine power spool aerodynamic design; significant results of the shop full-load tests are also illustrated with reference to both overall performance and internal flow-field measurements. A major aero-design objective was established as that of achieving the highest overall performance levels possible with the matching to latest generation aero-derivative gas generators; therefore, high efficiencies were set as a target both for the design point and for a wide range of operating conditions, to optimize the turbine’s uses in mechanical drive applications. Furthermore, the design was developed to reach the performance targets in conjunction with the availability of a nominal shaft speed optimized for the direct drive of pipeline booster centrifugal compressors. The results of the full-load performance testing of the first unit, equipped with a General Electric LM 2500/30 gas generator, showed full attainment of the design objectives; a maximum overall thermal efficiency exceeding 37% at nominal rating and a wide operating flexibility with regard to both efficiency and power were demonstrated.

LM2500 Packages for Platform Applications

This paper reviews a total of 31 LM2500 packages that were either installed or on order for platform applications throughout the world as of midsummer 1983. Individual projects are reviewed and design approaches summarized. The standard package is described and available ratings are tabulated.

Gas Turbines for Coal-Fired Turbocharged PFBC Boiler Power Plants

A coal-fired turbocharged boiler using fluidized bed combustion at high pressure would be more compact than a pulverized coal fired boiler. The smaller boiler size could permit the utility industry to adopt efficient modular construction methods now widely used in other industries. A commercial turbocharger of the capacity needed to run a 250 MWe power plant doe not exist; commercial gas turbines of the correct capacity exist, but they are not matched to this cycle’s gas temperature of less than 538°C (1000°F). In order to avoid impeding the development of the technology, it will probably be desirable to use existing machines to the maximum extent possible. This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of applying either standard gas turbines or modified standard gas turbines to the turbocharged boiler.

Development of the PGT 25 High Efficiency Gas Turbine: Part 3 — Experimental Program and Testing

This paper presents a review of the engineering testing program related to development of the PGT-25 gas turbine. The experimental methods employed and their capability of providing information for the tuning of the engine and its parts are discussed. Testing has continuously supported turbine design and development; integration of analytical and experimental procedures has proven to be efficient for successful final engine testing. Full load testing, using well developed instrumentation, has made it possible to know actual component behavior and engine performance in steady and transient states, over the entire speed and power range. The reliability of the machine has been assessed through the results of these tests.

The Development of the High Energy Surface Discharge Spark Igniter

The High Energy Igniter is discussed from the point of view of its mechanism of operation and of factors which determine its operational life. Features of the engine environment and operation are considered in their effect on igniter life. The problems associated with continuous ignition and the overriding importance of the quality of the surface discharge material are discussed. The development of a new surface discharge ceramic is described.

The Design and Development of a New 7 to 13.5 MW Industrial Two Shaft Gas Turbine (CW182)

This paper describes the design and development of the CW182 two shaft variable geometry industrial gas turbine. This gas turbine is a scaled down version of the existing CW352 gas turbine. The methods used to scale the gas turbine are explained together with a detailed description of those areas that were not scaled but were completely redesigned. In addition, details of the testing carried out on the new design components are described.

Update of Full Scale Catalytic Burner Testing for Combustion Turbines

As described previously in ASME papers, an effort has been underway to apply the emission reduction advantages of catalytic oxidation to practical burners for the large combustion turbines used in electrical power generation. A two-stage design is used to cover the operating range. Results are presented for high pressure combustion rig tests in the primary, secondary, and combined modes, as well as during transition. The fuel for this series, was No. 2 distillate oil. The work was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute, the Westinghouse Electric Corp., and the Engelhard Corp. The results define more clearly the highest priority areas for further development with this technology.

Indirect Fired Cycles: A Review

Indirect firing of combined Brayton and Rankine cycles has been considered as a means of utilizing solid fuels such as wood or coal for power generation. Combined cycles utilizing indirect firing offer potentially higher efficiencies than conventional direct fired Rankine cycles. Many thermodynamic alternatives exist for indirect firing; however, technical, economic, and commercial barriers must be overcome for each of these alternatives. This paper reviews several of the options for indirect fired cycles and considers the factors affecting their application to power generation systems.