scholarly journals Application of Aero-Derivative Gas Turbines in the Onshore Oil Fields of Abu Dhabi

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Saadawi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

For more than a decade, aircraft-derivative industrial gas turbines have been used in middle eastern oil fields for providing power to water injection and crude oil pumping installations. The remote desert locations and the hostile environment provide a unique challenge. This paper describes some of the experiences gained in operating aero-derivative gas turbines in the onshore oil fields of Abu Dhabi.

scholarly journals A Gas Turbine Maintenance Information System for the Saudi Arabian East-West Crude Oil Pipeline

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Temple ◽  
F. L. Foltz ◽  
H. R. Jamalallail
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Prognostic System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Availability Constraints ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
East West

The 747-mile East-West Crude Oil Pipeline across Saudi Arabia employs 60 gas turbines for pumping and power generation. Mainline pump drives are three United Technologies Corporation FT4A-9 modular industrial gas turbines at each of 11 pumping stations. Two of the three mainline gas turbines are required for maximum throughput, while the third is an operational spare. High reliability and availability constraints and the remote unmanned station concept underscore the need for a modern maintenance information system. This paper describes an independent multiple-fault diagnostic/prognostic system, employing a patented gas path analysis technique.

The Effect of Water Injection for Emissions Control on Industrial Gas Turbine Combustors

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Antos ◽  
W. C. Emmerling
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

One common method of reducing the NOx emissions from industrial gas turbines is to inject water into the combustion process. The amount of water injected depends on the emissions rules that apply to a particular unit. Westinghouse W501B industrial gas turbines have been operated at water injection levels required to meet EPA NOx emissions regulations. They also have been operated at higher injection levels required to meet stricter California regulations. Operation at the lower rates of water did not affect combustor inspection and/or repair intervals. Operation on liquid fuels with high rates of water also did not result in premature distress. However, operation on gas fuel at high rates of water did cause premature distress in the combustors. To evaluate this phenomenon, a comprehensive test program was conducted; it demonstrated that the distress is the result of the temperature patterns in the combustor caused by the high rates of water. The test also indicated that there is no significant change in dynamic response levels in the combustor. This paper presents the test results, and the design features selected to substantially improve combustor wall temperature when operating on gas fuels, with the high rates of water injection required to meet California applications. Mechanical design features that improve combustor resistance to water injection-induced thermal gradients also are presented.

Creole’s 50 Industrial Gas Turbines in Repressuring Service

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Sanborn
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Ample Supply ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

This paper describes the application of gas turbines to crude-oil production in a Venezuelan underwater reservoir. Decreasing pressure caused a gradual slowing down of the natural flow, and Creole Corporation was faced with the problem of either artificial lifting of the crude or curtailment of operations with several years of ample supply remaining untapped. This challenge was met successfully through repressurization of the wells by gas turbines. The design of these turbine facilities, their operation, and some of the problems involved are described. The author summarizes with a review of the performance of the gas turbines at their various locations.

Increasing Diagnostic Effectiveness by Inclusion of Fuel Composition and Water Injection Effects

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mathioudakis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
A. Tsalavoutas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engine Condition

The paper presents an analysis of the effect of changing the fuel on the performance of industrial gas turbines and examines the impact of such a change on methods used for engine condition assessment and fault diagnostics. A similar analysis is presented for the effects of water injection in the combustion chamber (which is usually done for reducing NOx emissions). First, the way of incorporating the effect of fuel changes and water injection into a computer model of gas turbine performance is described. The approach employed is based on the change of (a) working fluid properties, (b) turbomachinery components performance. The model is then used to derive parameters indicative of the “health” of a gas turbine and thus diagnose the presence of deterioration or faults. The impact of ignoring the presence of an altered fuel or injected water is shown to be of a magnitude that would render a diagnostic technique that does not incorporate these effects ineffective. On the other hand, employing the appropriate physical modeling makes the diagnostic methods robust and insensitive to such changes, being thus able to provide useful diagnostic information continuously during the use of a gas turbine.

Evaluation of Advanced Combustors for Dry NOx Suppression With Nitrogen Bearing Fuels in Utility and Industrial Gas Turbines

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Cutrone ◽  
M. B. Hilt ◽  
A. Goyal ◽  
E. E. Ekstedt ◽  
J. Notardonato
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Levels

The work described in this paper is part of the DOE/LeRC Advanced Conversion-Technology Project (ACT). The program is a multiple contract effort with funding provided by the Department of Energy, and technical program management provided by NASA LeRC. Combustion tests are in progress to evaluate the potential of seven advanced combustor concepts for achieving low NOx emissions for utility gas turbine engines without the use of water injection. Emphasis was on the development of the required combustor aerothermodynamic features for burning high nitrogen fuels. Testing was conducted over a wide range of operating conditions for a 12:1 pressure ratio heavy-duty gas turbine. Combustors were evaluated with distillate fuel, SRC-II coal-derived fuel, residual fuel, and blends. Test results indicate that low levels of NOx and fuel-bound nitrogen conversion can be achieved with rich-lean combustors for fuels with high fuel-bound nitrogen. In addition, ultra-low levels of NOx can be achieved with lean-lean combustors for fuels with low fuel-bound nitrogen.

An Evaluation of the Effects of Water Injection on Compressor Performance

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. White ◽  
A. J. Meacock
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Design Behaviour ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Work ◽  
The Impact

The injection of water droplets into compressor inlet ducting is now commonly used as a means of boosting the output from industrial gas turbines. The chief mechanisms responsible for the increase in power are the reduction in compressor work per unit flow and the increase in mass flow rate, both of which are achieved by evaporative cooling upstream of and within the compressor. This paper examines the impact of such evaporative processes on compressor operation, focussing particular attention on cases with substantial over-spray — i.e., for which significant evaporation takes place within the compressor itself, rather than in the inlet. A simple numerical method is described for the computation of wet compression processes, based on a combination of droplet evaporation and mean-line calculations. The method is applied to a “generic” compressor geometry in order to investigate the nature of the off-design behaviour that results from evaporative cooling. Consideration is also given to the efficiency of the compression process, the implications for choking and stall, and the magnitude of the thermodynamic loss resulting from irreversible phase change.

Operator Develops Fully Smart Onshore Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Judy Feder
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Gas Industry

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 203461, “Digitalization in the Oil and Gas Industry—A Case Study of a Fully Smart Field in the United Arab Emirates,” by Muhammad Arif and Abdulla Mohammed Al Senani, ADNOC, prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually from 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. One of the first oil fields in the UAE to be fully operated remotely is in the southeast region, 250 km from Abu Dhabi. The complete paper discusses the development and commissioning of the field, which is the first smart field for ADNOC Onshore. The designed and applied technology facilitated unmanned operation of the field from downhole to export. Introduction Oilfield digitalization encompasses gathering real-time and non-real-time data from wells, flow lines, manifolds, stations, and water injection facilities; analysis of the data using algorithms, flowcharts, plots, and reports; and user access to this data on user-friendly screens. This allows engineers to focus on interpretation of data vs. searching, organizing, and formatting the data. In the bigger picture, the data collected will lead to conclusions and set bases for important decisions for similar projects in the future, enabling a lesson-learning approach to design new oil fields. The accumulated theoretical and practical research results of smart-field implementation require analysis and synthesis to maintain perspective of the entire project. Both were applied in the Mender field, which is the subject of the complete paper. Problem Statement The Mender parent field has been producing since 2013 with minimal digitalization for wellheads. Wells are not fit-ted with remote sensors, and operators have been visiting the wells to collect data using analog gauges. Collected data are stored in computers or as hard copies. Some critical data is lost, which affects decision-making. The new Mender field is 50 km from the parent field and is in a sensitive area close to international borders. The field area is a wildlife reserve for various endangered animals. The nature of operations is highly critical because of concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that could jeopardize employees’ health and safety.

scholarly journals Expanded SUMED System a Pipeline for the Future

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Hassan Haddara
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
System A ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Selection Of

This paper describes the Design, Engineering, Planning and Implementation activities that led up to an advanced, state of the art, optimum and economical solution for expanding an existing system to handle an increase of crude oil throughput from 80 to 117 mta metric tons per year (2.53 t/s to 3.71 t/s). The growing demand and reduced net imports of products will increase Western European crude oil requirements to 11 million b/d (barrel per day) equivalent to 20.24 m3/s by year 2000. SUMED (gulf of SUez - MEDiterranean) the Arab Petroleum Pipelines Company has historically secured about 40% of the market for middle Eastern crude oil movements to Europe. Given these market shares on incremental volume SUMED should achieve its maximum design throughput of 117 mta by year 2000. The SUMED pipelines system which is owned and operated by an Arab company having EGYPT, SAUDI ARABIA, KUWAIT, EMIRATES AND QATAR as share holders has been in operation since 1977. An expansion project has started to increase the throughput capacity of the system from 80 to 117 mta. The project completion is expected by mid 1994 with a total expenditure of 120 million dollars. This paper reviews the evaluation and selection of various electric motor and gas turbines for the main pumping station addition for this pipeline expansion.

9 ppm NOx / CO Combustion System for “F” Class Industrial Gas Turbines

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Vandervort
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Fuel Staging ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

The Dry Low NOx (DLN) - 2.6 combustion system has achieved emission rates of lower than 9 ppm NOx (dry, corrected to 15 percent O2) and CO from 50 to 100 percent load for the GE MS7001FA industrial gas turbine on natural gas. The system uses lean premixed combustion with fuel staging for low load stability. The first unit achieved commercial operation in March of 1996 with a firing temperature of 2350 F. As of September 9, 1999, it has accumulated over 11,800 hours of operation in peaking and base load service. Sixteen more units have since entered commercial service. Emissions data are shown for operation on natural gas. The DLN-2.6 system can operate on liquid fuel with water injection for NOx abatement. Power augmentation with steam injection is allowable while operating on natural gas. The premixed gas nozzles utilize swirl for flame stabilization. Aerodynamically shaped natural gas injectors are applied for flashback or flame-holding resistance.

An Evaluation of the Effects of Water Injection on Compressor Performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. White ◽  
A. J. Meacock
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Droplet Evaporation ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Work ◽  
The Impact

The injection of water droplets into compressor inlet ducting is now commonly used as a means of boosting the output from industrial gas turbines. The chief mechanisms responsible for the increase in power are the reduction in compressor work per unit flow and the increase in mass flow rate, both of which are achieved by evaporative cooling upstream of and within the compressor. This paper examines the impact of such evaporative processes on compressor operation, focussing particular attention on cases with substantial overspray—i.e., for which significant evaporation takes place within the compressor itself, rather than in the inlet. A simple numerical method is described for the computation of wet compression processes, based on a combination of droplet evaporation and mean-line calculations. The method is applied to a “generic” compressor geometry in order to investigate the nature of the off-design behavior that results from evaporative cooling. Consideration is also given to the efficiency of the compression process, the implications for choking and stall, and the magnitude of the thermodynamic loss resulting from irreversible phase change.

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