scholarly journals The Capability of Different Semianalytical Equations for Estimation of NOx Emissions of Gas Turbines

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Becker ◽  
M. A. Perkavec
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
The One ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Regenerative Cycle

The NOx emissions of gas turbines are depending on different influences. On the one side there are the effects fixed by the gas turbine design and on the other side the ambient effects, the fuel properties and the operational conditions. Because the NOx emissions are difficult to calculate by chemical reactions and flow calculations, some investigators developed semianalytical equations, which in their opinion contained the most important influencing factors together with some tuning factors for the actual gas turbine design and application. This paper shows the capability of those procedures, including a new one. It compares the calculated NOx emission with measured data. The comparisons were made for one gas turbine fired with different fuels (natural gas, propane, butane, coke oven gas), as well as for different combustor inlet conditions in case of simple and regenerative cycle operation. Reference is made also for some other gas turbine models. Also full and part load operation as well as the steam injection effects are included.

Development of a Low-NOX Hydrogen-Fuelled Combustor for 10 MW Class Gas Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cocchi ◽  
Stefano Sigali
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Local Institution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Full Pressure

In the context of a research project launched in 2006 (partially funded by Regione Veneto, a local institution in the Northeast of Italy), ENEL and GE Oil & Gas are developing an innovative “zero emission” gas turbine cycle suitable for power generation. The gas turbine, a GE10-1 model, is manufactured by GE Oil & Gas and features a single can silo-type combustion chamber. A hydrogen-fuelled GE10-1 prototypical unit has been installed in Fusina (Venice), at ENEL’s coal-fired power plant, and has been in operation since September, 2009. The prototypical unit is equipped with a diffusive flame combustor, and the NOx emission level is kept below contractual limits by means of steam injection. In the mean time, further research activities have been carried out to develop an upgraded diffusive combustor, to be operated with 100% H2 and with NOx emissions reduced to below 50% of the current contractual limits. CFD has been extensively used (in cooperation with several Italian universities and research centers) in order to model and assess the behavior of the prototype combustor, and to define the preliminary design of modified burners and liners. Subsequently, the most promising configurations were engineered, procured and tested on a full-scale full-pressure combustion rig at ENEL’s experimental facility in Sesta (Tuscany). The behavior of alternative components has been monitored, with a focus on metal temperatures, pattern factor, pressure pulsations, and NOx emissions, and the performance has been compared to that of the prototypical combustor. As expected, the lowest NOx emissions were achieved with configurations having a lean primary combustion zone. Such configurations have proven to be capable of significantly reduced NOx emissions without increasing the amount of steam.

scholarly journals A Fuel Oilpremix Burner for Gas Turbines: Development and Initial Operating Experience

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schetter ◽  
Hans Wilhelm Schabbehard ◽  
Ulf Josefson ◽  
Anders Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Premix Combustion ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation

Premix combustion of natural gas in Siemens hybrid burners has been carried out successfully in gas turbine power plant since 1986 and has enabled NOx emissions below 10 ppm to be achieved without additional water or steam injection. Based on this experience, the hybrid burner has been further developed for the premix combustion of fuel oil and is now in commercial operation in a Siemens Model V94.2 gas turbine at the Halmstad power plant in Sweden. The final testing of the new burners on site was carried out from January to September 1993 by courtesy of and in a fruitful cooperation with the client, SYDKRAFT AB. This paper sets out a number of requirements for successful premix combustion of fuel oil, describes how these requirements have been met and concludes with the results of site measurements of NOx and CO emissions. Base load NOx emissions were reduced to less than a quarter of their previous values without additional water or steam injection.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Helium Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine for UAV Propulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Turbine Design

When selecting a design for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the choice of the propulsion system is vital in terms of mission requirements, sustainability, usability, noise, controllability, reliability and technology readiness level (TRL). This study analyses the various propulsion systems used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), paying particular focus on the closed-cycle propulsion systems. The study also investigates the feasibility of using helium closed-cycle gas turbines for UAV propulsion, highlighting the merits and demerits of helium closed-cycle gas turbines. Some of the advantages mentioned include high payload, low noise and high altitude mission ability; while the major drawbacks include a heat sink, nuclear hazard radiation and the shield weight. A preliminary assessment of the cycle showed that a pressure ratio of 4, turbine entry temperature (TET) of 800 °C and mass flow of 50 kg/s could be used to achieve a lightweight helium closed-cycle gas turbine design for UAV mission considering component design constraints.

Assessment of Solar Steam Injection in Gas Turbines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kalathakis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
A. Alexiou ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Solar Receiver ◽  
Steam Production

The concept of solar steam production for injection in a gas turbine combustion chamber is studied for both nominal and part load engine operation. First, a 5MW single shaft engine is considered which is then retrofitted for solar steam injection using either a tower receiver or a parabolic troughs scheme. Next, solar thermal power is used to augment steam production of an already steam injected single shaft engine without any modification of the existing HRSG by placing the solar receiver/evaporator in parallel with the conventional one. For the case examined in this paper, solar steam injection results to an increase of annual power production (∼15%) and annual fuel efficiency (∼6%) compared to the fuel-only engine. It is also shown that the tower receiver scheme has a more stable behavior throughout the year compared to the troughs scheme that has better performance at summer than at winter. In the case of doubling the steam-to-air ratio of an already steam injected gas turbine through the use of a solar evaporator, annual power production and fuel efficiency increase by 5% and 2% respectively.

Thermodynamic Evaluation of Gas Turbine Cogeneration Cycles: Part II—Complex Cycle Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Visual Perspective ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Steam Cooling ◽  
The Heat Balance ◽  
Regenerative Cycle

Complex open gas turbine cycles are analyzed by applying the heat balance method presented in Part I of this paper. Reheating, intercooling, regeneration, steam injection, and steam cooling are evaluated graphically to give a visual perspective of what takes place in terms of the overall heat balance when such complexities are introduced to the cycle. An example of a viable, new, intercooled regenerative cycle is given. A second example of a prototype reheat gas turbine is also included. The overall approach using the heat balance method can be applied to various cogeneration configurations when considering the more complex cycles of the future.

scholarly journals The Effect of Discrete Pilot Hydrogen Dopant Injection on the Lean Blowout Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oanh Nguyen ◽  
Scott Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor

In view of increasingly stringent NOx emissions regulations on stationary gas turbines, lean combustion offers an attractive option to reduce reaction temperatures and thereby decrease NOx production. Under lean operation, however, the reaction is vulnerable to blowout. It is herein postulated that pilot hydrogen dopant injection, discretely located, can enhance the lean blowout performance without sacrificing overall performance. The present study addresses this hypothesis in a research combustor assembly, operated at atmospheric pressure, and fired on natural gas using rapid mixing injection, typical of commercial units. Five hydrogen injector scenarios are investigated. The results show that (1) pilot hydrogen dopant injection, discretely located, leads to improved lean blowout performance and (2) the location of discrete injection has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the doping strategy.

scholarly journals A Test Rig for the Realization of Water Recovery in a Steam-Injected Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyou Wen ◽  
Jiguo Zou ◽  
Zheng Fu ◽  
Shikang Yu ◽  
Lingbo Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Spiral Plate ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Steam-injected gas turbines have a multitude of advantages, but they suffer from the inability to recover precious demineralized water. The present paper describes the test conditions and results of steam injection along with an attempt to achieve water recovery, which were obtained through a series of tests conducted on a S1A-02 small-sized industrial gas turbine. A water recovery device incorporating a compact finned spiral plate cooling condenser equipped with filter screens has been designed for the said gas turbine and a 100% water recovery (based on the design point) was attained.

Optimum stage design in axial-flow gas turbines

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
K V J Rao ◽  
S Kolla ◽  
Ch Penchalayya ◽  
M Ananda Rao ◽  
J Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Multiple Objective ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Effective Dimensions ◽  
On Line ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Root Stress

This paper proposes the formulation and solution procedures in the stage optimization of the effective dimensions of an axial-flow gas turbine. Increasing the stage efficiency and minimizing the overall mass of components per stage are the common objectives in gas turbine design. This multiple objective function, with important constraints like natural frequency limits, root stress values, and tip deflection in blades, constitutes the overall optimization problem. The problem is solved by using a modified nonlinear simplex method with a built-in user interactive program that helps in on-line modifications of parameters other than variables in the problem. Results are presented with single objective and multiple objective criteria, including sensitivity analyses about the optimum point.

Design Study of an Advanced Concept Simple Gas Turbine for Possible Use in Low Emission Automobiles

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Eatock ◽  
M. D. Stoten
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
High Pressure Ratio

United Aircraft Corporation studied the potential costs of various possible gas turbine engines which might be used to reduce automobile exhaust emissions. As part of that study, United Aircraft of Canada undertook the preliminary design and performance analysis of high-pressure-ratio nonregenerated (simple cycle) gas turbine engines. For the first time, high levels of single-stage component efficiency are available extending from a pressure ratio less than 4 up to 10 or 12 to 1. As a result, the study showed that the simple-cycle engine may provide satisfactory running costs with significantly lower manufacturing costs and NOx emissions than a regenerated engine. In this paper some features of the preliminary design of both single-shaft and a free power turbine version of this engine are examined. The major component technology assumptions, in particular the high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor, employed for performance extrapolation are explained and compared with current technology. The potential low NOx emissions of the simple-cycle gas turbine compared to regenerative or recuperative gas turbines is discussed. Finally, some of the problems which might be encountered in using this totally different power plant for the conventional automobile are identified.

Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigekazu Uji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Power Increase ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Turbine Model

Steam injection has been employed in gas turbines for over twenty-five years for power increase (more than 50% on some gas turbines) and efficiency improvements (more than 20%). For further improvement of efficiency on steam injected gas turbine, Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine was studied. Cycle analysis was carried out for the evaluation of efficiency among three systems, Steam Injected Gas Turbine, Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine and Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine. Results of the analysis show that Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine can realize higher efficiency than other two systems. In addition to the cycle analysis, the effect of applying the concept of Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine to the actual engine Allison gas turbine model 501-KH was evaluated. And the effect of integrating compressor inter-cooling process in Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine was also evaluated.

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