Assessment of Solar Steam Injection in Gas Turbines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kalathakis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
A. Alexiou ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Solar Receiver ◽  
Steam Production

The concept of solar steam production for injection in a gas turbine combustion chamber is studied for both nominal and part load engine operation. First, a 5MW single shaft engine is considered which is then retrofitted for solar steam injection using either a tower receiver or a parabolic troughs scheme. Next, solar thermal power is used to augment steam production of an already steam injected single shaft engine without any modification of the existing HRSG by placing the solar receiver/evaporator in parallel with the conventional one. For the case examined in this paper, solar steam injection results to an increase of annual power production (∼15%) and annual fuel efficiency (∼6%) compared to the fuel-only engine. It is also shown that the tower receiver scheme has a more stable behavior throughout the year compared to the troughs scheme that has better performance at summer than at winter. In the case of doubling the steam-to-air ratio of an already steam injected gas turbine through the use of a solar evaporator, annual power production and fuel efficiency increase by 5% and 2% respectively.

Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine Development Program — Design and Test of a Ceramic Turbine Blade

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Jimenez ◽  
John McClain ◽  
Bryan Edwards ◽  
Vijay Parthasarathy ◽  
Hamid Bagheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Engine Operation

The goal of the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) Development Program, under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT), is to improve the performance (fuel efficiency, output power, and exhaust emissions) of stationary gas turbines in cogeneration through the selective replacement of hot section components with ceramic parts. This program, which is headed by Solar Turbines Incorporated and supported by various suppliers, and national research institutes, includes detailed engine and component design, procurement, and field testing. A major challenge in the successful introduction of ceramic parts into a gas turbine is the design of the interface between the ceramic parts and metallic hardware. A turbine blade, which incorporated a dovetail root, was designed with such considerations. A relatively thin compliant layer between the ceramic-metallic loading surface was considered for equalizing pressure face load distributions. Five monolithic siliocn nitride ceramic materials were considered: AS800 and GN10, AlliedSignal Ceramic Components; NT164, Norton Advanced Ceramics; SN281 and SN253, Kyocera Industrial Ceramics Corporation. The probability of survival using NASA/CARES for 30,000 hours of engine operation was calculated for each material. The blade frequencies, stresses, and temperatures were predicted. The influence of the dovetail angle was also analyzed to determine the most optimum configuration. Prior to engine installation all blades underwent extensive nondestructive evaluation and spin proof testing. This paper will review the design, life prediction, and testing of the first stage ceramic turbine blade for the Solar Turbines Centaur 5OS engine.

Gas Turbine Power Augmentation Technologies: A Systematic Comparative Evaluation Approach

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bianchi ◽  
L. Branchini ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
A. Peretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Auxiliary Power

Increasing electric rates in peak demand period, especially during summer months, are forcing power producers to look for gas turbine power augmentation technologies (PATs). One of the major undesirable features of all the gas turbines is that their power output and fuel efficiency decreases with increase in the ambient temperature resulting in significant loss in revenues particularly during peak hours. This paper presents a systematic comparative evaluation approach for various gas turbine power augmentation technologies (PATs) available in the market. The application of the discussed approach has been demonstrated by considering two commonly used gas turbine designs, namely, heavy-duty industrial and aeroderivative. The following PATs have been evaluated: inlet evaporative, inlet chilling, high pressure fogging, overspray, humid air injection and steam injection. The main emphasis of this paper is to provide a detailed comparative thermodynamic analysis of the considered PATs including the main variables, such as ambient temperature and relative humidity, which influence their performance in terms of power boost, heat rate reduction and auxiliary power consumption.

Dynamic Behavior of a Solar Hybrid Gas Turbine System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Felsmann ◽  
Uwe Gampe ◽  
Manfred Freimark
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Component Development

Solar hybrid gas turbine technology has the potential to increase the efficiency of future solar thermal power plants by utilizing solar heat at a much higher temperature level than state of the art plants based on steam turbine cycles. In a previous paper the authors pointed out, that further development steps are required for example in the field of component development and in the investigation of the system dynamics to realize a mature technology for commercial application [1]. In this paper new findings on system dynamics are presented based on the simulation model of a solar hybrid gas turbine with parallel arrangement of the combustion chamber and solar receivers. The operational behavior of the system is described by means of two different scenarios. The System operation in a stand-alone electrical supply network is investigated in the first scenario. Here it is shown that fast load changes in the network lead to a higher shaft speed deviation of the electric generator compared to pure fossil fired systems. In the second scenario a generator load rejection, as a worst case, is analyzed. The results make clear that additional relief concepts like blow-off valves are necessary as the standard gas turbine protection does not meet the specific requirements of the solar hybrid operation. In general the results show, that the solar hybrid operational modes are much more challenging for the gas turbines control and safety system compared to pure fossil fired plants due to the increased volumetric storage capacity of the system.

scholarly journals A Test Rig for the Realization of Water Recovery in a Steam-Injected Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyou Wen ◽  
Jiguo Zou ◽  
Zheng Fu ◽  
Shikang Yu ◽  
Lingbo Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Spiral Plate ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Steam-injected gas turbines have a multitude of advantages, but they suffer from the inability to recover precious demineralized water. The present paper describes the test conditions and results of steam injection along with an attempt to achieve water recovery, which were obtained through a series of tests conducted on a S1A-02 small-sized industrial gas turbine. A water recovery device incorporating a compact finned spiral plate cooling condenser equipped with filter screens has been designed for the said gas turbine and a 100% water recovery (based on the design point) was attained.

A Feasibility Study of Existing Gas Turbines for Recuperated, Intercooled and Reheat Cycle

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhargava ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
A. Peretto ◽  
P. R. Spina
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Paper Sample ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Design Steps

In the present paper, a comprehensive and simple in application design methodology to obtain a gas turbine working on recuperated, intercooled and reheat cycle utilizing existing gas turbines is presented. Applications of the proposed design steps have been implemented on the three existing gas turbines, with wide ranging design complexities. The results of evaluated aero-thermodynamic performance for these existing gas turbines with the proposed modifications are presented and compared in this paper. Sample calculations of the analysis procedures discussed, including stage-by-stage analysis of the compressor and turbine sections of the modified gas turbines, have been also included. All the three modified gas turbines were found to have higher performance, with cycle efficiency increase of 9% to 26%, in comparison to their original values.

Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigekazu Uji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Power Increase ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Turbine Model

Steam injection has been employed in gas turbines for over twenty-five years for power increase (more than 50% on some gas turbines) and efficiency improvements (more than 20%). For further improvement of efficiency on steam injected gas turbine, Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine was studied. Cycle analysis was carried out for the evaluation of efficiency among three systems, Steam Injected Gas Turbine, Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine and Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine. Results of the analysis show that Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine can realize higher efficiency than other two systems. In addition to the cycle analysis, the effect of applying the concept of Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine to the actual engine Allison gas turbine model 501-KH was evaluated. And the effect of integrating compressor inter-cooling process in Partial Regenerative Steam Injected Gas Turbine was also evaluated.

Optimization of an Advanced Combined Cycle and its Application to the Yokohama Thermal Power Station No. 7 and No. 8 Groups

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengo Aizawa ◽  
William Carberg
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Power Station ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Improved Performance

Combined cycle technology was successfully applied to the 2000 MW Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) Futtsu Station. The fourteen 165 MW single shaft combined cycle Stages were commissioned between 1985 and 1988. Since that time, experience has been accumulated on these 2000 deg F (1100 deg C) class gas turbine based Stages. With the advent of 2300 deg F (1300 deg C) class gas turbines and dry low NOx technologies, an advanced combined cycle with substantially improved performance became possible. TEPCO commissioned General Electric, Toshiba and Hitachi to perform a study to optimize the use of these technologies. The study was completed and the participants are now doing detailed design of a plant consisting of eight 350 MW single shaft combined cycle Stages. The plant will be designated the Yokohama Thermal Power Station No. 7 and No. 8 Groups. This paper discusses experience gained at the Futtsu Station, the results of the optimization study for an advanced combined cycle and the progress of the design for Yokohama Groups No. 7 and No. 8.

The Ethanol-Water Humidification Process in EvGT Cycles

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Thern ◽  
Torbjo¨rn Lindquist ◽  
Tord Torisson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Ethanol from bio-products has become an important fuel for future power production. However, the present production technology is rather expensive. This paper focuses on how to lower the production cost of ethanol extraction from mash, and to use the ethanol as a primary fuel in gas turbines for heat and power production. Today, ethanol is produced during distillation by supplying energy to extract the ethanol from the mash. Using the evaporation process in the evaporative gas turbine to extract the ethanol from the mash before the distillation step, a lot of energy can be saved. In the evaporation process, the ethanol is extracted directly from the mash using energy from low-level energy sources. The evaporation technology is therefore expected to reduce the cost for the ethanol production. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer inside the ethanol humidification tower drives a mixture of ethanol and water into the compressor discharge air. To investigate the evaporation of a binary mixture into air at elevated pressures and temperatures, a test facility was constructed and integrated into the evaporative gas turbine pilot-plant. The concentration of ethanol in the mash is not constant but depends on the sugar content in the feedstock used in the fermentation process. Tests were therefore conducted at different concentrations of ethanol in the ethanol-water mixture. Tests were also performed at different temperature and flow conditions to establish the influence of these parameters on the lower heating value of the produced low calorific gas. It has been shown that this technology extracts about 80% of the ethanol from the mash. It has also been shown that the composition of the resulting gas depends on the temperatures, flow rates and composition of the incoming streams. The tests have shown that the produced gas has a lower heating value between of 1.8 to 3.8 MJ/kg. The produced gas with heating values in the upper range is possible to use as fuel in the gas turbine without any pilot flame. Initial models of the ethanol humidification process have been established and the initial test results have been used for validating developed models.

Biomass-Gasifier Steam-Injected Gas Turbine Cogeneration

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Larson ◽  
R. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Potential Applications

Steam injection for power and efficiency augmentation in aeroderivative gas turbines is now commercially established for natural gas-fired cogeneration. Steam-injected gas turbines fired with coal and biomass are being developed. In terms of efficiency, capital cost, and commercial viability, the most promising way to fuel steam-injected gas turbines with biomass is via the biomass-integrated gasifier/steam-injected gas turbine (BIG/STIG). The R&D effort required to commercialize the BIG/STIG is modest because it can build on extensive previous coal-integrated gasifier/gas turbine development efforts. An economic analysis of BIG/STIG cogeneration is presented here for cane sugar factories, where sugar cane residues would be the fuel. A BIG/STIG investment would be attractive for sugar producers, who could sell large quantities of electricity, or for the local electric utility, as a low-cost generating option. Worldwide, the cane sugar industry could support some 50,000 MW of BIG/STIG capacity, and there are many potential applications in the forest products and other biomass-based industries.

Performance Assessment of Steam Injection Gas Turbine With Inlet Air Cooling

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo M. Bartolini ◽  
Danilo Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Air Cooling

The steam generated through the use of waste heat recovered from a steam injection gas turbine generally exceeds the maximum mass of steam which can be injected into steam injection gas turbine. The ratio between the steam and air flowing into the engine is not more than 10–15%, as an increase in the pressure ratio can cause the compressor to stall. Naturally, the surplus steam can be utilized for a variety of alternative applications. During the warmer months, the ambient temperature increases and results in reduced thermal efficiency and electrical capacity. An inlet air cooling system for the compressor on a steam injection gas turbine would increase the rating and efficiency of power plants which use this type of equipment. In order to improve the performance of steam injection gas turbines, the authors investigated the option of cooling the intake air to the compressor by harnessing the thermal energy not used to produce the maximum quantity of steam that can be injected into the engine. This alternative use of waste energy makes it possible to reach maximum efficiency in terms of waste recovery. This study examined absorption refrigeration technology, which is one of the various systems adopted to increase efficiency and power rating. The system itself consists of a steam injection gas turbine and a heat recovery and absorption unit, while a computer model was utilized to evaluate the off design performance of the system. The input data required for the model were the following: an operating point, the turbine and compressor curves, the heat recovery and chiller specifications. The performance of an Allison 501 KH steam injection gas plant was analyzed by taking into consideration representative ambient temperature and humidity ranges, the optimal location of the chiller in light of all the factors involved, and which of three possible air cooling systems was the most economically suitable. In order to verify the technical feasibility of the hypothetical model, an economic study was performed on the costs for upgrading the existing steam injection gas cogeneration unit. The results indicate that the estimated pay back period for the project would be four years. In light of these findings, there are clear technical advantages to using gas turbine cogeneration with absorption air cooling in terms of investment.

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