scholarly journals GE LM2500 Gas Turbine Enters Commercial Marine Service in Aquastrada Class Ships

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Vincent ◽  
Rolf Weber
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Marine Application ◽  
Commercial Operation

This paper reviews the highlights of the first two seasons of commercial operation of GE LM2500 gas turbines installed in the Aquastrada class of fast ferries. The ships’ total propulsion systems were supplied and packaged by MTU-Friedrichshafen for this first commercial marine application of the LM2500 gas turbine. Problems encountered and lessons learned are presented as part of the paper.

U.S. Navy Experience With SSS (Synchro-Self-Shifting) Clutches

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan L. Hendry ◽  
B. Michael Zekas
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Navy has nearly forty years of experience using SSS (Synchro-Self-Shifting) Clutches in main reduction gears of gas-turbine-driven ships and propulsion systems with combinations of gas turbines and diesel engines or electric motors, and in steam-turbine propulsion plants for use with electric motor drives. Over 900 SSS Clutches have been installed in fourteen different classes of U.S. Navy ships, some in service for over thirty years. This paper presents a brief overview of the principle SSS Clutch design features and the operating experience in naval propulsion systems worldwide, including operation in various propulsion plants such as controllable reversible pitch (CRP) propellers, fixed-pitch propellers (FPP), etc. The paper will also focus on SSS Clutch designs for specific U.S. Navy applications and installations, U.S. Navy experience, and design changes and improvements that have been implemented since the initial U.S. Navy use of SSS Clutches. Detailed metric (statistical) data, used by the U.S. Navy to evaluate equipment performance and life cycle costs, such as mean time between failure (MTBF), mean time to repair (MTTR), mean logistics delay time (MLDT), and operational availability (Ao) will be used to support experience. In-service experience and failure modes will also be explained as well as findings from the evaluation of clutches that have been subjected to extreme operation/incidents such as overspeed, overtorque, high shock blast, and flood damage. The final part of the paper will discuss current/future applications on U.S. Navy vessels such as the LHD-8, LCS and others; and how the design/features of those SSS Clutch designs will satisfy the operational, reliability, and maintainability requirements established for each ship platform. The metrics and lessons learned will be shown to be equally applicable to clutches for critical auxiliary drive applications such as naval gas turbine generator starting and naval steam turbine generator turning gear systems and how these metrics and lessons learned are being applied for current and future U.S. Navy ship systems.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Helium Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine for UAV Propulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Turbine Design

When selecting a design for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the choice of the propulsion system is vital in terms of mission requirements, sustainability, usability, noise, controllability, reliability and technology readiness level (TRL). This study analyses the various propulsion systems used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), paying particular focus on the closed-cycle propulsion systems. The study also investigates the feasibility of using helium closed-cycle gas turbines for UAV propulsion, highlighting the merits and demerits of helium closed-cycle gas turbines. Some of the advantages mentioned include high payload, low noise and high altitude mission ability; while the major drawbacks include a heat sink, nuclear hazard radiation and the shield weight. A preliminary assessment of the cycle showed that a pressure ratio of 4, turbine entry temperature (TET) of 800 °C and mass flow of 50 kg/s could be used to achieve a lightweight helium closed-cycle gas turbine design for UAV mission considering component design constraints.

Some Effects of Size on the Performances of Small Gas Turbines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Frictional Drag ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Performance Development

By the new millennia gas turbine technology standards the size of the first gas turbines of Von Ohain and Whittle would be considered small. Since those first pioneer achievements the sizes of gas turbines have diverged to unbelievable extremes. Large aircraft turbofans delivering the equivalent of 150 megawatts, and research micro engines designed for 20 watts. Microturbine generator sets rated from 2 to 200kW are penetrating the market to satisfy a rapid expansion use of electronic equipment. Tiny turbojets the size of a coca cola can are being flown in model aircraft applications. Shirt button sized gas turbines are now being researched intended to develop output powers below 0.5kW at rotational speeds in excess of 200 Krpm, where it is discussed that parasitic frictional drag and component heat transfer effects can significantly impact cycle performance. The demarcation zone between small and large gas turbines arbitrarily chosen in this treatise is rotational speeds of the order 100 Krpm, and above. This resurgence of impetus in the small gas turbine, beyond that witnessed some forty years ago for potential automobile applications, fostered this timely review of the small gas turbine, and a re-address of the question, what are the effects of size and clearances gaps on the performances of small gas turbines?. The possible resolution of this question lies in autopsy of the many small gas turbine component design constraints, aided by lessons learned in small engine performance development, which are the major topics of this paper.

FFG7 Class Frigate and DD963 Class Destroyer Marine Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems Maintenance and Operational Training Facility

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ralph J. Della Rocca ◽  
John D. Stehn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Training Facility ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Systems Maintenance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Major Emphasis

The need for a gas turbine training facility became apparent with the introduction into the U.S. Navy fleet of the first ships of the FFG7 Frigate and DD963 Destroyer Classes with gas turbine propulsion plants. This facility, constructed at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center, provides "hands-on" training for maintenance and operation of marine gas turbines and associated propulsion plant components and controls and their piping and electrical systems. The Navy intends to train at this facility approximately 1000 personnel per year in the use of their latest and newest propulsion plants. The design of the facility reproduces as closely as possible the existing machinery and control spaces of the two different classes of ships and integrates them into a single main building with the school and the mechanical equipment wings. This paper presents an overview of the need for well-trained, qualified naval personnel to man the expanding fleet of marine gas turbine propulsion systems, existing training facilities and the various stages in the development of the FFG7/DD963 Gas Turbine Maintenance and Operational Training Facility. In regard to the facility, the paper discusses the planning and managing of the project; development of the designs for the building and propulsion plants; construction of the building facilities and FFG7 plant; the fabrication, transportation and erection of the FFG7 within the building; and the testing and operation of the FFG7 plant since light-off. Major emphasis is given to the FFG7 plant since the DD963 plant is being reconsidered in conjunction with the CG47 upgrading and is awaiting a decision to proceed.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems for Small Naval Ships

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Mission Effectiveness

Analysis of gas turbine-powered naval ships of 500- to 4000-ton size has been performed for ocean escort and patrol missions with performance levels appropriate to gas turbines of both current and advanced technology. The use of gas turbine systems allows the realization of high mission effectiveness with relatively small ships. For advanced marine gas turbines, the most significant ship benefit would result from increased thermal efficiency of cruise engines by means of regenerative cycles. A secondary improvement, particularly for high dash speeds, would be the reduction of specific weight for dash engines. With such advanced gas turbines, ship sizes may be further reduced for given mission capabilities.

Operation Experiences of Siemens IGCC Gas Turbines Using Gasification Products From Coal and Refinery Residues

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Huth ◽  
A. Heilos ◽  
G. Gaio ◽  
J. Karg
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Burner Design

The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle concept is an emerging technology that enables an efficient and clean use of coal as well as residuals in power generation. After several years of development and demonstration operation, now the technology has reached the status for commercial operation. SIEMENS is engaged in 3 IGCC plants in Europe which are currently in operation. Each of these plants has specific characteristics leading to a wide range of experiences in development and operation of IGCC gas turbines fired with low to medium LHV syngases. The worlds first IGCC plant of commercial size at Buggenum/Netherlands (Demkolec) has already demonstrated that IGCC is a very efficient power generation technology for a great variety of coals and with a great potential for future commercial market penetration. The end of the demonstration period of the Buggenum IGCC plant and the start of its commercial operation has been dated on January 1, 1998. After optimisations during the demonstration period the gas turbine is running with good performance and high availability and has exceeded 18000 hours of operation on coal gas. The air-side fully integrated Buggenum plant, equipped with a Siemens V94.2 gas turbine, has been the first field test for the Siemens syngas combustion concept, which enables operation with very low NOx emission levels between 120–600 g/MWh NOx corresponding to 6–30 ppm(v) (15%O2) and less than 5 ppm(v) CO at baseload. During early commissioning the syngas nozzle has been recognised as the most important part with strong impact on combustion behaviour. Consequently the burner design has been adjusted to enable quick and easy changes of the important syngas nozzle. This design feature enables fast and efficient optimisations of the combustion performance and the possibility for easy adjustments to different syngases with a large variation in composition and LHV. During several test runs the gas turbine proved the required degree of flexibility and the capability to handle transient operation conditions during emergency cases. The fully air-side integrated IGCC plant at Puertollano/Spain (Elcogas), using the advanced Siemens V94.3 gas turbine (enhanced efficiency), is now running successfully on coal gas. The coal gas composition at this plant is similar to the Buggenum example. The emission performance is comparable to Buggenum with its very low emission levels. Currently the gas turbine is running for the requirements of final optimization runs of the gasifier unit. The third IGCC plant (ISAB) equipped with Siemens gas turbine technology is located at Priolo near Siracusa at Sicilly/Italy. Two Siemens V94.2K (modified compressor) gas turbines are part of this “air side non-integrated” IGCC plant. The feedstock of the gasification process is a refinery residue (asphalt). The LHV is almost twice compared to the Buggenum or Puertollano case. For operation with this gas, the coal gas burner design was adjusted and extensively tested. IGCC operation without air extraction has been made possible by modifying the compressor, giving enhanced surge margins. Commissioning on syngas for the first of the two gas turbines started in mid of August 1999 and was almost finished at the end of August 1999. The second machine followed at the end of October 1999. Since this both machines are released for operation on syngas up to baseload.

United States Navy Gas Turbine Propulsion Machinery Systems Testing

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Nufrio ◽  
James McNamara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Propulsion Systems

Significant U.S. Navy controlled land based testing has been successfully conducted on gas turbines and gas turbine main propulsion systems since the early 1950’s. Through the success of these tested systems, largely as a result of successful land based testing, the demand for gas turbine powered main propulsion systems has been steadily increasing. Consequently, gas turbine technology, its applications, and required test capabilities are constantly being developed to meet future U.S. Navy requirements.

scholarly journals Combined Gas Turbine and Diesel Generator Cooling Air Intake System

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Yee ◽  
Alan Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
The U.S

A new generation of auxiliary ships to enter the U.S. Navy (USN) fleet is the AOE-6 SUPPLY CLASS. These fast combat support ships conduct operations at sea as part of a Carrier Battle group to provide oil, aviation fuel, and ammunition to the carrier and her escorts. The SUPPLY CLASS is the first ship in the entire USN fleet to use a combined gas turbine and diesel generator cooling air intake system to cool its respective engine modules. The cooling air intake was designed this way to save on costs. As the ships in this class continued with operations and problems of insufficient supply of cooling air for the gas turbines modules started surfacing, the entire intake system required investigation and analysis. Since the gas turbines and diesel generators share a common cooling air trunk, they were competing for air. This paper will outline the tests that were performed to determine the problems, the recommended solutions, and the lessons learned from the investigations.

Aeroderivative Gas Turbines for LNG Liquefaction Plants: Part 2—World’s First Application and Operating Experience

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Meher-Homji ◽  
Dave Messersmith ◽  
Tim Hattenbach ◽  
Jim Rockwell ◽  
Hans Weyermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Lng Liquefaction ◽  
Market Pressures

LNG market pressures for thermally efficient and environmentally friendly LNG plants coupled with the need for high plant availability have resulted in the world’s first application of high performance aeroderivative gas turbines for a 3.7 MTPA LNG plant in Darwin. The six engines utilized are GE PGT25+ engines rated at 32 MW ISO driving propane, ethylene and methane compressors. The paper describes the design, manufacture, testing, and implementation of these units focusing on both the gas turbine and the centrifugal compressors. Power augmentation utilized on these units is also discussed. An overview of operating experience and lessons learned are provided. Part 1 of this paper provides a detailed analysis of why high thermal efficiency is important for LNG plants from an economic and greenhouse gas perspective.

Development of an Air Cooled G Class Gas Turbine (the M501GAC)

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshishige Ai ◽  
Carlos Koeneke ◽  
Hisato Arimura ◽  
Yoshinori Hyakutake
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
National Project ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Steam Cooling ◽  
Verification Test ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Verification Plan

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) G series gas turbine is the industry pioneer in introducing steam cooling technology for gas turbines. The first M501G unit started commercial operation in 1997 and to date, with 62 G units sold, MHI G fleet is the largest steam cooled fleet in the market. The existing commercial fleet includes 35 commercial units with more than 734,000 accumulated actual operating hours, and over 9,400 starts. Upgraded versions have been introduced in the 60 and 50Hz markets (M501G1 and M701G2 respectively). On a different arena, MHI is engaged since 2004 in a Japanese National Project for the development of 1,700°C (3092°F) class gas turbine. Several enhanced technologies developed through this Japanese National Project, including lower thermal conductivity TBC, are being retrofitted to the existing F and G series gas turbines. Retrofitting some of these technologies to the existing M501G1 together with the application of an F class air cooled combustion system will result in an upgraded air-cooled G class engine with increased power output and enhanced efficiency, while maintaining the same 1500°C (2732°F) Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT). By using an open air cooling scheme, this upgraded machine represents a better match for highly cyclic applications with G class efficiency, while the highly reliable and durable steam cooled counterpart is still offered for more base-loaded applications. After performing various R&D tests, the verification process of the air cooled 60 Hz G gas turbine has moved to component testing in the in-house verification engine. The final verification test prior to commercial operation is scheduled for 2009. This article describes the design features and verification plan of the upgraded M501G gas turbine.

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