Adaptation of Rehabilitation System Based on User’s Mental Engagement

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan T. Esfahani ◽  
Shrey Pareek ◽  
Pramod Chembrammel ◽  
Mostafa Ghobadi ◽  
Thenkurussi Kesavadas
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Robotic Rehabilitation ◽  
Designed Experiments ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The Brain

Recognition of user’s mental engagement is imperative to the success of robotic rehabilitation. The paper explores the novel paradigm in robotic rehabilitation of using Passive BCI as opposed to the conventional Active ones. We have designed experiments to determine a user’s level of mental engagement. In our experimental study, we record the brain activity of 3 healthy subjects during multiple sessions where subjects need to navigate through a maze using a haptic system with variable resistance/assistance. Using the data obtained through the experiments we highlight the drawbacks of using conventional workload metrics as indicators of human engagement, thus asserting that Motor and Cognitive Workloads be differentiated. Additionally we propose a new set of features: differential PSD of Cz-Poz at alpha, Beta and Sigma band, (Mental engagement) and relative C3-C4 at beta (Motor Workload) to distinguish Normal Cases from those instances when haptic where applied with an accuracy of 92.93%. Mental engagement is calculated using the power spectral density of the Theta band (4–7 Hz) in the parietal-midline (Pz) with respect to the central midline (Cz). The above information can be used to adjust robotic rehabilitation parameters I accordance with the user’s needs. The adjustment may be in the force levels, difficulty level of the task or increasing the speed of the task.

scholarly journals Novel dry electrode EEG headbands for home use: Comparing performance and comfort

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Jens Haueisen ◽  
Patrique Fiedler ◽  
Anna Bernhardt ◽  
Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Skin Impedance ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Dry Electrodes ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Eeg Recordings

AbstractMonitoring brain activity at home using electroencephalography (EEG) is an increasing trend for both medical and non-medical applications. Gel-based electrodes are not suitable due to the gel application requiring extensive preparation and cleaning support for the patient or user. Dry electrodes can be applied without prior preparation by the patient or user. We investigate and compare two dry electrode headbands for EEG acquisition: a novel hybrid dual-textile headband comprising multipin and multiwave electrodes and a neoprene-based headband comprising hydrogel and spidershaped electrodes. We compare the headbands and electrodes in terms of electrode-skin impedance, comfort, electrode offset potential and EEG signal quality. We did not observe considerable differences in the power spectral density of EEG recordings. However, the hydrogel electrodes showed considerably increased impedances and offset potentials, limiting their compatibility with many EEG amplifiers. The hydrogel and spider-shaped electrodes required increased adduction, resulting in a lower wearing comfort throughout the application time compared to the novel headband comprising multipin and multiwave electrodes.

scholarly journals Human Emotion Detection using Eeg Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Attention Span ◽  
Brain Waves ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The Brain

This is a data visualization art piece using 10 seconds of mind waves recordings of the human, captured with EEG sensor.10 seconds of Alpha, Beta, Gamma & Theta brain waves while meditating are recorded, the different wave channels are categorized to state when the right brain representing artistic brain activity, isolating the ranges for each channel when the brain channels were more meditating and imaginative. Based on the waves of the brain obtained, we will be able to deduce few attributes such as attention span and mood. The moods we will be trying to assess and display here the level of happiness, sadness, anger along with attention span and meditation level (Concentration level).

scholarly journals Neurotechnology for Special Needs Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Norsiah Fauzan
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Special Needs Children ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalogram ◽  
The Brain

This paper highlights the use of neurotechnology to improve the brain dysregulation of special needs children giving an example of a case study on autistic children. Neurofeedback Training (NFT) was preceded by objective assessment of brain activity using Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) to identify the abnormalities of the childrens’ brain waves. Neurofeedback training were conducted based on relevant EEG findings in relation to the children’s medical history and symptoms. Analysis indicate excessive presence of delta wave at the Frontal lobes and posterior regions. NFT were conducted within three months for more than 25 sessions for each protocol starting with Beta training followed by Delta and Alpha protocols. The observations and assessment showed improvement in terms of social interaction and communication and increased Alpha-beta activity in some parts of the brain suggesting improvement in brain regulation.

scholarly journals Exploring electroencephalography with a model inspired by quantum mechanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. M. Popiel ◽  
Colin Metrow ◽  
Geoffrey Laforge ◽  
Adrian M. Owen ◽  
Bobby Stojanoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Organizational Principle ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAn outstanding issue in cognitive neuroscience concerns how the brain is organized across different conditions. For instance, during the resting-state condition, the brain can be clustered into reliable and reproducible networks (e.g., sensory, default, executive networks). Interestingly, the same networks emerge during active conditions in response to various tasks. If similar patterns of neural activity have been found across diverse conditions, and therefore, different underlying processes and experiences of the environment, is the brain organized by a fundamental organizational principle? To test this, we applied mathematical formalisms borrowed from quantum mechanisms to model electroencephalogram (EEG) data. We uncovered a tendency for EEG signals to be localized in anterior regions of the brain during “rest”, and more uniformly distributed while engaged in a task (i.e., watching a movie). Moreover, we found analogous values to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, suggesting a common underlying architecture of human brain activity in resting and task conditions. This underlying architecture manifests itself in the novel constant KBrain, which is extracted from the brain state with the least uncertainty. We would like to state that we are using the mathematics of quantum mechanics, but not claiming that the brain behaves as a quantum object.

scholarly journals Retrospective confidence judgements in general-knowledge questions: Magnetoencephalograhy correlates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Martín-Luengo ◽  
Dmitrii Altukhov ◽  
Maria Alexeeva ◽  
Alina Leminen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Online Assessments ◽  
Memory Monitoring ◽  
The Brain

Memory monitoring processes are online assessments of the quality of our retrieval. Despite their importance for cognition, few studies on episodic memory and perceptual discrimination studied their neural dynamics and reported diverse results. Also, research showed increased theta in correct lexical identifications, but its monitoring was not investigated. We used MEG to study the brain activity underpinning memory monitoring of retrospective confidence judgments. 29 participants answered multiple-choice general knowledge questions and rated the confidence of their choice, while MEG was recorded. Mixed-effect linear models in the averaged single-trial responses showed a marginal difference for high versus low confidence answers in left dorso-parietal and occipital sensors at 260-320 ms after the presentation of alternatives. Signal power analysis in the 400-800 ms time window showed differences in theta band for low versus high confidence hits and miss trials. However, no differences were found for high hits and misses, which may reflect that in terms of monitoring, both answers are equal for participants. These results support the findings of increased theta power for correct semantic identification extending them to the monitoring processes.

scholarly journals Design of Brain Activity Measurement for Brain ECVT Data Acquisition System

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 630-634
Author(s):  
Rizki Edmi Edison ◽  
Rohmadi Rohmadi ◽  
Sra Harke Pratama ◽  
Muhammad Fathul Ihsan ◽  
Almusfi Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Capacitance Sensor ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography ◽  
The Brain

Brain Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) has been developing as an alternative non-invasive brain imaging method. In this study, brain ECVT consisting of two channels, namely a capacitance sensor, is investigated. As a comparison, EEG sensor is used to measure brain activity simultaneously with the brain ECVT. Brain activity measurements were carried out at the pre-frontal lobe of Fp1 and Fp2 locations. The resulting signal was processed by filtering method and Power Spectral Density (PSD). The result of signal analysis shows that the measurement between EEG and ECVT shows the same activity of the two modalities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Real Brain Activity Using an Ultracompact Brain Activity Sensor for the Assessment of Cognitive Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Yasumitsu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: The present study purpose aims to improve cognitive function at the preclinical stage of dementia and measure real-time brain activity levels in participants wearing an ultracompact brain activity sensor called XB-01. Methods: Four healthy people (two males and two females) aged 20–50 years involved in the dementia prevention program participated in the study. During the experiment, the participants wore XB-01, which was connected to their iPhone by Bluetooth to collect data. XB-01 data indicating the brain activity (blood flow) during the program was demonstrated by real-time color changes on the connected iPhone to evaluate the results on a 100-point scale. We examined 21 programs in total, including those reported to increase brain activity. Results: We conducted an analysis of variance for each of the four programs in the upper and lower positions detected to compare brain activity, resulting in finding a main effect of the program, F(7,21) = 4.35, p <.05. Conclusions: An exercise program including a dual-task with large limb movements was highly effective in increasing brain activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Moreover, slightly higher speed, pace, and difficulty level of the program most suitable for participants were more effective. Brain activity increased in the DLPFC during the program and several minutes after its completion. These findings can help develop programs that prevent and improve cognitive function.Trial Registration: The research ethics committee at PCY, Ltd. Trial Registry, approval number 20-2. Registered 04 January 2020. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Novel integrative rehabilitation system for the upper extremity: Design and usability evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205566832110128
Author(s):  
Grigore Burdea ◽  
Nam Kim ◽  
Kevin Polistico ◽  
Ashwin Kadaru ◽  
Doru Roll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robotic Rehabilitation ◽  
Virtual Rehabilitation ◽  
Therapeutic Game ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
Bilateral Training ◽  
Bimanual Training

Purpose Design and test the usability of a novel virtual rehabilitation system for bimanual training of gravity supported arms, pronation/supination, grasp strengthening, and finger extension. Methods A robotic rehabilitation table, therapeutic game controllers, and adaptive rehabilitation games were developed. The rehabilitation table lifted/lowered and tilted up/down to modulate gravity loading. Arms movement was measured simultaneously, allowing bilateral training. Therapeutic games adapted through a baseline process. Four healthy adults performed four usability evaluation sessions each, and provided feedback using the USE questionnaire and custom questions. Participant’s game play performance was sampled and analyzed, and system modifications made between sessions. Results Participants played four sessions of about 50 minutes each, with training difficulty gradually increasing. Participants averaged a total of 6,300 arm repetitions, 2,200 grasp counts, and 2,100 finger extensions when adding counts for each upper extremity. USE questionnaire data averaged 5.1/7 rating, indicative of usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction with the system. Subjective feedback on the custom evaluation form was 84% favorable. Conclusions The novel system was well-accepted, induced high repetition counts, and the usability study helped optimize it and achieve satisfaction. Future studies include examining effectiveness of the novel system when training patients acute post-stroke.

scholarly journals Stereoelectroencephalography for continuous two-dimensional cursor control in a brain-machine interface

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. E3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeet Vadera ◽  
Amar R. Marathe ◽  
Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez ◽  
Dawn M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Cursor Control ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Epilepsy Monitoring

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is becoming more prevalent as a planning tool for surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy. Stereoelectroencephalography uses long, thin, cylindrical “depth” electrodes containing multiple recording contacts along each electrode's length. Each lead is inserted into the brain percutaneously. The advantage of SEEG is that the electrodes can easily target deeper brain structures that are inaccessible with subdural grid electrodes, and SEEG does not require a craniotomy. Brain-machine interface (BMI) research is also becoming more common in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit. A brain-machine interface decodes a person's desired movement or action from the recorded brain activity and then uses the decoded brain activity to control an assistive device in real time. Although BMIs are primarily being developed for use by severely paralyzed individuals, epilepsy patients undergoing invasive brain monitoring provide an opportunity to test the effectiveness of different invasive recording electrodes for use in BMI systems. This study investigated the ability to use SEEG electrodes for control of 2D cursor velocity in a BMI. Two patients who were undergoing SEEG for intractable epilepsy participated in this study. Participants were instructed to wiggle or rest the hand contralateral to their SEEG electrodes to control the horizontal velocity of a cursor on a screen. Simultaneously they were instructed to wiggle or rest their feet to control the vertical component of cursor velocity. The BMI system was designed to detect power spectral changes associated with hand and foot activity and translate those spectral changes into horizontal and vertical cursor movements in real time. During testing, participants used their decoded SEEG signals to move the brain-controlled cursor to radial targets that appeared on the screen. Although power spectral information from 28 to 32 electrode contacts were used for cursor control during the experiment, post hoc analysis indicated that better control may have been possible using only a single SEEG depth electrode containing multiple recording contacts in both hand and foot cortical areas. These results suggest that the advantages of using SEEG for epilepsy monitoring may also apply to using SEEG electrodes in BMI systems. Specifically, SEEG electrodes can target deeper brain structures, such as foot motor cortex, and both hand and foot areas can be targeted with a single SEEG electrode implanted percutaneously. Therefore, SEEG electrodes may be an attractive option for simple BMI systems that use power spectral modulation in hand and foot cortex for independent control of 2 degrees of freedom.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Traditional and Serious Game-Based Digital Markers of Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1747-1759
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Iliadou ◽  
Ioannis Paliokas ◽  
Stelios Zygouris ◽  
Eftychia Lazarou ◽  
Konstantinos Votis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Wearable Eeg ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Theta Band Power

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to assess brain activity while users are playing an immersive serious game. Objective: To assess differences in brain activation as measured with a non-intrusive wearable EEG device, differences in game performance and correlations between EEG power, game performance and global cognition, between cognitively impaired and non-impaired older adults, during the administration of a novel self-administered serious game-based test, the Virtual Supermarket Test (VST). Methods: 43 older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 33 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were recruited from day centers for cognitive disorders. Global cognition was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Brain activity was measured with a non-intrusive wearable EEG device in a resting state condition and while they were administered the VST. Results: During resting state condition, the MCI group showed increased alpha, beta, delta, and theta band power compared to the SCD group. During the administration of the VST, the MCI group showed increased beta and theta band power compared to the SCD group. Regarding game performance, alpha, beta, delta, and theta rhythms were positively correlated with average duration, while delta rhythm was positively correlated with mean errors. MoCA correlated with alpha, beta, delta, and theta rhythms and with average game duration and mean game errors indicating that elevated EEG rhythms in MCI may be associated with an overall cognitive decline. Conclusion: VST performance can be used as a digital biomarker. Cheap commercially available wearable EEG devices can be used for obtaining brain activity biomarkers.

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