scholarly journals Neurotechnology for Special Needs Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Norsiah Fauzan
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Special Needs Children ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalogram ◽  
The Brain

This paper highlights the use of neurotechnology to improve the brain dysregulation of special needs children giving an example of a case study on autistic children. Neurofeedback Training (NFT) was preceded by objective assessment of brain activity using Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) to identify the abnormalities of the childrens’ brain waves. Neurofeedback training were conducted based on relevant EEG findings in relation to the children’s medical history and symptoms. Analysis indicate excessive presence of delta wave at the Frontal lobes and posterior regions. NFT were conducted within three months for more than 25 sessions for each protocol starting with Beta training followed by Delta and Alpha protocols. The observations and assessment showed improvement in terms of social interaction and communication and increased Alpha-beta activity in some parts of the brain suggesting improvement in brain regulation.

Adaptation of Rehabilitation System Based on User’s Mental Engagement

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan T. Esfahani ◽  
Shrey Pareek ◽  
Pramod Chembrammel ◽  
Mostafa Ghobadi ◽  
Thenkurussi Kesavadas
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Robotic Rehabilitation ◽  
Designed Experiments ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The Brain

Recognition of user’s mental engagement is imperative to the success of robotic rehabilitation. The paper explores the novel paradigm in robotic rehabilitation of using Passive BCI as opposed to the conventional Active ones. We have designed experiments to determine a user’s level of mental engagement. In our experimental study, we record the brain activity of 3 healthy subjects during multiple sessions where subjects need to navigate through a maze using a haptic system with variable resistance/assistance. Using the data obtained through the experiments we highlight the drawbacks of using conventional workload metrics as indicators of human engagement, thus asserting that Motor and Cognitive Workloads be differentiated. Additionally we propose a new set of features: differential PSD of Cz-Poz at alpha, Beta and Sigma band, (Mental engagement) and relative C3-C4 at beta (Motor Workload) to distinguish Normal Cases from those instances when haptic where applied with an accuracy of 92.93%. Mental engagement is calculated using the power spectral density of the Theta band (4–7 Hz) in the parietal-midline (Pz) with respect to the central midline (Cz). The above information can be used to adjust robotic rehabilitation parameters I accordance with the user’s needs. The adjustment may be in the force levels, difficulty level of the task or increasing the speed of the task.

scholarly journals Human Emotion Detection using Eeg Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Attention Span ◽  
Brain Waves ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The Brain

This is a data visualization art piece using 10 seconds of mind waves recordings of the human, captured with EEG sensor.10 seconds of Alpha, Beta, Gamma & Theta brain waves while meditating are recorded, the different wave channels are categorized to state when the right brain representing artistic brain activity, isolating the ranges for each channel when the brain channels were more meditating and imaginative. Based on the waves of the brain obtained, we will be able to deduce few attributes such as attention span and mood. The moods we will be trying to assess and display here the level of happiness, sadness, anger along with attention span and meditation level (Concentration level).

scholarly journals Neuroimaging ‘will to fight’ for sacred values: an empirical case study with supporters of an Al Qaeda associate

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 181585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafees Hamid ◽  
Clara Pretus ◽  
Scott Atran ◽  
Molly J. Crockett ◽  
Jeremy Ginges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
The Brain

Violent intergroup conflicts are often motivated by commitments to abstract ideals such as god or nation, so-called ‘sacred’ values that are insensitive to material trade-offs. There is scant knowledge of how the brain processes costly sacrifices for such cherished causes. We studied willingness to fight and die for sacred values using fMRI in Barcelona, Spain, among supporters of a radical Islamist group. We measured brain activity in radicalized individuals as they indicated their willingness to fight and die for sacred and non-sacred values, and as they reacted to peers' ratings for the same values. We observed diminished activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), inferior frontal gyrus, and parietal cortex while conveying willingness to fight and die for sacred relative to non-sacred values—regions that have previously been implicated in calculating costs and consequences. An overlapping region of the dlPFC was active when viewing conflicting ratings of sacred values from peers, to the extent participants were sensitive to peer influence, suggesting that it is possible to induce flexibility in the way people defend sacred values. Our results cohere with a view that ‘devoted actors’ motivated by an extreme commitment towards sacred values rely on distinctive neurocognitve processes that can be identified.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Effects of Neurofeedback Training: The Motivational Value of the Reinforcers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Rubén Pérez-Elvira ◽  
Javier Oltra-Cucarella ◽  
José Antonio Carrobles ◽  
Jorge Moltó ◽  
Mercedes Flórez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Rhythm ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Informational Value

The brain activity that is measured by electroencephalography (EEG) can be modified through operant conditioning, specifically using neurofeedback (NF). NF has been applied to several disorders claiming that a change in the erratic brain activity would be accompanied by a reduction of the symptoms. However, the expected results are not always achieved. Some authors have suggested that the lack of an adequate response may be due to an incorrect application of the operant conditioning principles. A key factor in operant conditioning is the use of reinforcers and their value in modifying behavior, something that is not always sufficiently taken into account. This work aims to clarify the relevance of the motivational value versus the purely informational value of the reinforcer. In this study, 113 subjects were randomly assigned two different reinforcer conditions: a selected reinforcer—the subjects subjectively selected the reinforcers—or an imposed reinforcer—the reinforcers were assigned by the experimenter—and both groups undertook NF sessions to enhance the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR). In addition, the selected reinforcer group was divided into two subgroups: one receiving real NF and the other one sham NF. There were no significant differences between the groups at baseline in terms of SMR amplitude. After the intervention, only those subjects belonging to the selected reinforcer group and receiving real NF increased their SMR. Our results provide evidence for the importance of the motivational value of the reinforcer in Neurofeedback success.

scholarly journals Quantitative Electroencephalogaphy (QEEG) and Neurofeedback Training (NFT) for Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.22) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Nur Hartini Mardan ◽  
Norsiah Fauzan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group

Neurofeedback training (NFT) has been widely used to alter the brain activity to enhance the brain function. This study aimed to apply neurofeedback to enhance the cognitive performance in elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) by focusing on alpha wave in the neurofeedback training as it is positively associated with cognitive decline in elderly. 10 subjects who passed the criteria were assigned to experimental and control group. With 15 sessions of alpha neurofeedback, increase in alpha absolute power was rewarded while simultaneous suppression of theta and beta2 were done in experimental group. Results showed that after completion of neurofeedback, all subjects in experimental group learn to increase their alpha absolute power while mixed result was recorded for suppression of theta and high beta either at individual, inter and intra group level. Cognitive results in individual level revealed that pattern of increase and decrease of score was regular in experimental group and at grouped level, significant increment observed in Digit Span and Symbol Search in experimental group only. These results suggest that MCI elderly could learn to increase specific components of EEG activity that such enhanced activity may facilitate in working memory and processing speed enhancement.  

scholarly journals Case Study: Mapping Evoked Fields in Primary Motor and Sensory Areas via Magnetoencephalography in Tetraplegia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Foldes ◽  
Santosh Chandrasekaran ◽  
Joseph Camerone ◽  
James Lowe ◽  
Richard Ramdeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Residual Function ◽  
Somatotopic Organization ◽  
Evoked Fields ◽  
The Brain

Devices interfacing with the brain through implantation in cortical or subcortical structures have great potential for restoration and rehabilitation in patients with sensory or motor dysfunction. Typical implantation surgeries are planned based on maps of brain activity generated from intact function. However, mapping brain activity for planning implantation surgeries is challenging in the target population due to abnormal residual function and, increasingly often, existing MRI-incompatible implanted hardware. Here, we present methods and results for mapping impaired somatosensory and motor function in an individual with paralysis and an existing brain–computer interface (BCI) device. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to directly map the neural activity evoked during transcutaneous electrical stimulation and attempted movement of the impaired hand. Evoked fields were found to align with the expected anatomy and somatotopic organization. This approach may be valuable for guiding implants in other applications, such as cortical stimulation for pain and to improve implant targeting to help reduce the craniotomy size.

SENAM OTAK BERBASIS GERAK TRADISI KOORDINASI ASIMETRIS BAGI ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS

Sarwahita ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Dinny Devi Triana ◽  
Eddy Husni
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Needs Children ◽  
Balance Exercise ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT: Brain gymnastic is a collection of simple movements that aim to connect or unite the mind and body through kinesiology educational process. Kinesiology is a science that studies body movement and the relationship between muscle and posture to brain function. The motion of the limbs that is emphasized in brain gymnastics is a cross movement. The movement moves the extremes on one side of the body intersecting the midline and coordinates with the extremes on the other side of the body so that both hemispheres are used at the same time. Gymnastics of the brain in special needs children (simple children needs) as a child slow or slow (retarded) that will never succeed in school as children in general. Thus the basis of the need for bridal gymnastics is devoted to special needs of children who have been learning difficulties or concentrating disorders, and do not have a good focus on observing everything, so there needs to be a drill or balance exercise of coordination and asymmetric movements or crosses to optimize focus and his concentration.   ABSTRAK: Senam otak merupakan kumpulan gerakan-gerakan sederhana yang bertujuan menghubungkan atau menyatukan akal dan tubuh melalui proses edukasi kinesiologi. Kinesiologi merupakan suatu ilmu yang mempelajari gerakan tubuh dan hubungan antara otot dan postur terhadap fungsi otak. Gerak anggota tubuh yang ditekankan pada senam otak adalah gerakan menyilang. Gerakan tersebut menggerakkan ekstremitas pada satu sisi tubuh menyilang garis tengah dan berkoordinasi dengan ekstremitas pada sisi tubuh yang lain sehingga kedua hemisfer dipergunakan pada saat yang bersamaan. Senam otak pada anak kebutuhan khusus (special needs children) secara simple sebagai anak yang lambat (slow) atau mengalami gangguan (retarded) yang tidak akan pernah berhasil di sekolah sebagaimana anak-anak pada umumnya. Dengan demikian dasar kebutuhan adanya senam otak dikhususkan pada anak kebutuhan khusus yang mengalami kesulitan belajar atau gangguan berkonsentrasi, dan tidak memiliki fokus yang baik dalam mengamati segala hal, sehingga perlu adanya drill atau latihan keseimbangan gerak-gerak koordinasi dan asimetris atau menyilang untuk mengoptimalkan fokus dan konsentrasinya.

scholarly journals The Warnke Method for the Diagnosis and Improvement of Phonological Competence in Special Needs Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Ewa Brzdęk ◽  
Janusz Brzdęk
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Special Needs Children ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The One

Speech, reading, and writing are the basic forms of linguistic communication. Therefore, it is very important to diagnose any problems with them as early and completely as possible, particularly in children with special needs. One of the methods that focuses primarily on the diagnosis and therapy of such learning difficulties is the one developed by Fred Warnke. The diagnostic solutions of the method were motivated by the following assumptions: (a) Automation of hearing, vision, and motor functions can be improved based on the level of brain activity; (b) the development and automation of phonological analysis and synthesis are based on cooperation between the two brain hemispheres. The main purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some research results that show the usefulness of diagnosis of the first stage of the Warnke method, as well as the training determined by it, in improving the phonological memory, language, and reading and writing skills of a group of four Polish children with special needs. The range of automation of each function was estimated on the basis of the values obtained in the diagnoses (initial and final). The final diagnosis showed an improvement in the levels of speech, reading, and writing. Thus, the research has confirmed that the Warnke method diagnosis may help to broaden and complement the standard evaluation methods of phonological competence for Polish children with special needs. The outcomes were so encouraging that we decided to present them to a wider audience.

scholarly journals Changes in the Brain Activity and Visual Performance of Patients with Strabismus and Amblyopia after a Compete Cycle of Light Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Danjela Ibrahimi ◽  
Jorge D. Mendiola-Santibañez ◽  
Enoé Cruz-Martínez ◽  
Alfonso Gómez-Espinosa ◽  
Irineo Torres-Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Alpha Wave ◽  
Theta Wave ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalogram ◽  
The Brain

This research assesses the brain activity and visual performance at baseline and after light therapy (LTH), of seventeen patients with strabismus and amblyopia (SA), and eleven healthy controls (HCs) from Querétaro, México. Quantitative electroencephalogram analysis (qEEG) was used to record the brain activity, and clinical metrics such as the visual acuity, angle of deviation, phoria state, stereopsis, and visual fields determined the visual performance. Results showed a constant higher alpha-wave frequency for HCs. Low voltages remained negative for HCs and positive for SA patients across stimulation. After LTH, high voltage increased in SA patients, and decreased in HCs. A second spectral peak, (theta-wave), was exclusively recorded in SA patients, at baseline and after LTH. Positive Spearman correlations for alpha-wave frequency, low and high voltages were only seen in SA patients. Synchronized brain activity was recorded in all SA patients stimulated with filters transmitting light in the blue but not in the red spectrum. Enhancement in the visual performance of SA patients was found, whereas deterioration of the phoria state and a decrease in the amount of stereopsis was seen in HCs. To conclude, only a suffering brain and a visual pathway which needs to be enabled can benefit from LTH.

scholarly journals Meneroka Cabaran yang Dihadapi oleh Ibu dalam Menguruskan Anak Berkeperluan Khas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Manisah Mohd. Ali ◽  
Nur Farahana Ismail @ Mohd Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Special Needs Children ◽  
Educational Module ◽  
Family Acceptance ◽  
Physical Challenges

Parents of children with special needs experience mental and physical challenges that can cause psychological stress. Mothers are more likely to experience higher stress than fathers as they closer to their children than father. This study aims to explore the challenges that can cause stress among mothers with special needs children. The research design of this study was a case study using an interview protocol to seek information from a group of mothers (n = 6) of children with special needs who are experiencing autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy and attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder. Data were transcribed verbatimly and analysed using the Thematic Analysis Method. This study found that there are five challenges faced by the study sample namely challenges in terms of lack of knowledge in the stages of identification of child disability, family acceptance, social stigma, emotional stress and career management in addition managing special needs children. Cooperation and collaboration between several parties such as counselors, hospitals and ministries are needed to ensure the well-being of mothers. Mothers need to be provided with detailed information on the management of children with special needs. This study has implications on Government agencies’ effort to design educational module on effective parenting. Abstrak Ibu bapa dengan anak berkeperluan khas mengalami cabaran dari segi mental dan fizikal yang boleh menyebabkan tekanan psikologikal. Golongan ibu lebih cenderung untuk mengalami tekanan yang lebih tinggi disebabkan mereka lebih mendampingi anak mereka berbanding bapa. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka cabaran yang boleh menyebabkan tekanan dalam kalangan ibu dengan anak berkeperluan khas. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kajian kes yang melibatkan protokol temubual untuk mendapatkan maklumat daripada kumpulan ibu (n=6) yang mempunyai anak berkeperluan khas dalam kategori gangguan spektrum autisme, palsi serebral dan sindrom kurang daya tumpuan dan hiperaktif. Data kajian ditranskrip secara verbatim dan dianalisis data dengan menggunakan kaedah Analisis Tematik. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa terdapat lima cabaran yang dihadapi oleh sampel kajian iaitu cabaran dari segi kurang pengetahuan pada peringkat pengenalpastian jenis ketidakupayaan anak, penerimaan keluarga, stigma masyarakat, tekanan emosi dan pengurusan kerjaya di samping menguruskan anak berkeperluan khas. Kerjasama dan kolaborasi antara beberapa pihak yang bertanggungjawab seperti kaunselor, pihak hospital dan kementerian diperlukan bagi memastikan kesejahteraan para ibu. Para ibu perlu disediakan maklumat yang terperinci berkenaan pengurusan anak berkeperluan khas. Kajian ini mempunyai implikasi kepada agensi kerajaan yang berwajib untuk merangka modul pendidikan keibubapaan yang berkesan.

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