What is a Prototype?: Emergent Roles of Prototypes From Empirical Work in Three Diverse Companies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlye Lauff ◽  
Daria Kotys-Schwartz ◽  
Mark E. Rentschler
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Design Theory And Methodology ◽  
Definition Of

This paper explores the nature of prototypes from three diverse companies in the fields of consumer electronics, footwear, and medical devices. It is part of a larger qualitative research study developing a prototyping framework grounded in the emergent findings from practice and detailed inductive inquiry. In this paper, we describe the methods for setting up an appropriate research design, highlighting the conceptual framework, means for data collection and analysis, and validity. Then, we describe the emergent findings, introducing a modified definition of a prototype and the three roles of prototypes. This research is a contribution to the field of design theory and methodology by adding new knowledge about prototypes from companies. Prototyping is an essential part of product development, and yet it is one of the least formally explored areas of design. The significance of this work lies in its ability to gain insights into the role of prototyping in the natural work environment, which has not been holistically documented. By using diverse industries, we will build and test our framework across them all to ensure validity.

scholarly journals CPEC and Energy Rejuvenation: A Road to Improvement

2019 ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Fauzia Mubarik ◽  
Javeria Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Sales Revenue ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
Economic Zones

This qualitative research study aims to investigate the role played by the established special economic zones under the program of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor to improve and upgrade the energy sector in Pakistan. The key role of China under the Joined Cooperation Committee formed in 2013 has paved ways for Pakistan to bring profound stability in the energy crisis being faced by Pakistan which is also evident from its most recent investment of 33.45 billion Rupees under the CPEC mega energy project respectively. The availability of approximately 10,000 megawatts electricity to the National Grid of Pakistan in the year 2018 is near to its accomplishment phase. However, this accomplishment poses itself many challenges that may halter the smooth reviving of the energy and power crisis. The challenge of bridging the gap between the purchase prices of the electricity distribution companies (DISCOS) and the sales revenue generated as well as the inclusion of more hydropower projects because of them being less expensive than the wind power projects respectively.

Professional value and ethical self-regulation in the development of modern librarianship

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joacim Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to make a contribution to the theoretical understanding of documents and documentary agency in society through examples from a defined institutional and professional setting; and second, to create an understanding for the role of ethical codes in the process of defining and developing modern librarianship. Design/methodology/approach This study analyses the role of documentation carrying content of professional ethics in the formulation of modern librarianship. This is done through a series of example documents of various kinds, such as founding charters, peer handbooks and ethical codes systematically analysed through the use of document theory and theory on institutional change. Findings The findings of this study suggest that documents pronouncing ethical self-regulation within librarianship play a primarily legitimising role in situations where new types of libraries emerge or when libraries adapt to social change. The study proposes legitimacy as a key aspect of documentality, thus supplementing the established understanding of the concept. Originality/value This study is the first to analyse the role of ethical codes in libraries using document theory. It brings new knowledge to the role of ethical self-regulation in librarianship over time and in different institutional contexts. In suggesting a developed definition of documentality, it contributes to the theoretical understanding of the role of documents and documentation in institutions and in society at large.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ENTROPY IN DESIGN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem A. Khan ◽  
Jorge Angeles
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Design Complexity ◽  
Design Theory And Methodology

We outline here the pertinence of the concept of entropy in design theory and methodology. We do this by resorting to the concept of design complexity. The concept is illustrated with one example.

Design of Intelligent Systems: Measure of Information Content

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash C. R. J. Naidu ◽  
Andrew A. Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
New Products ◽  
Autonomous Robot ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Axiomatic Design Theory ◽  
Design Theory And Methodology ◽  
Definition Of

Increasing intelligence in new products has necessitated a closer look at the application of design theory and methodology in the specific context of intelligent systems. In this paper, after reviewing the several prevalent notions of intelligent systems, some of the parameters and the measure of intelligence are discussed. The earlier work on evaluation of information content of automation systems is extended in the context of intelligent systems. The paper discusses a generic definition of intelligence more suitable for measurement in the realm of axiomatic design theory. It investigates the different issues pertaining to computation of information and its interpretation as a measure of intelligence considering an example of the basic maneuvers of an autonomous robot. The paper discusses the observations and elucidates the usefulness of information as a metric for measurement of intelligence.

Addressing LGBTQ+ Inclusion: Challenges, Faith, and Resilience in the Church and her People

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
Helen Harris ◽  
Gaynor Gaynor ◽  
Carolyn Cole ◽  
Vanessa Cressy ◽  
Najeeah Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
Difficult Conversations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

The questions of the reception of and role of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Plus (LGBTQ+) persons in the Christian faith and Christian church have increasingly called for churches and             denominations to discern a position on membership, leadership, and participation in the sacraments. Individuals, families, congregations, and denominations are impacted by the differences in perspective, policy, and practice of affirming, including, or excluding LGBTQ+ persons. This article reports on a qualitative research study of 97 interviews in      20 congregations across three denominations exploring difficult conversations, decisions, and the impact of those decisions. The challenges and opportunities in both conversations and decisions are nested in faith perspectives. One significant finding is the role of individual and corporate faith in the resilience essential to both survival and growth.     T

Towards a Logical Theory of Engineering Design Information

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Salustri ◽  
R. D. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Logical Theory ◽  
Design Information ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Design Theory And Methodology

Abstract Recent research in Design Theory and Methodology has sought to formalize the engineering design process without particular concern for the paradigm used to model design information. The authors propose that no correct formalization of the design process can be achieved without first formalizing the semantics of the information used in the process. To this end, the authors present a new theory meant to formalize the semantics of design information that is independent of its use in a design process. Using symbolic logic, the theory is presented as a set of axioms, and draws from the object orientation and hypertext paradigms. Design entities are modeled by formal units called objects, and are related by formal structures called links. Abstraction mechanisms relevant to design are formalized and the role of constraints is explored. The hybrid model is meant not only to aid in the study of the design process itself, but also to improve communications between designers, assist standardization of design specifications, and develop new, powerful software tools to aid the designer in his work.

scholarly journals Barriers Perceived by Managers and Clinical Professionals Related to the Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breastfeeding through the Best Practice Spotlight Organization Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6248
Author(s):  
Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo ◽  
David Harillo-Acevedo ◽  
David Armero-Barranco ◽  
César Leal-Costa ◽  
José Enrique Moral-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
Implementation Program

International institutions facilitate the contact of health professionals to evidence-based recommendations for promoting exclusive breast feeding (BF). However, the achievement of good rates of exclusive BF is still far from the optimum. The intention of the present work is to determine the barriers identified by managers and health professionals involved in the implementation and sustainability of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for breastfeeding under the auspices of the Best Practice Spotlight Organization program. A qualitative research study was carried out. The participants were managers, healthcare assistants, nurses, midwives, pediatricians and gynecologists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted which were transcribed and analyzed using the six steps of thematic analysis. Twenty interviews were conducted, which defined four major themes: (1) Lack of resources and their adaptation; (2) Where, Who and How; (3) Dissemination and reach of the project to the professionals; and (4) The mother and her surroundings. This research identifies the barriers perceived by the health professionals involved in the implementation, with the addition of the managers as well. Novel barriers appeared such as the ambivalent role of the midwives and the fact that this CPG is about promoting health. The efforts for promoting the implementation program should be continuous, and the services should be extended to primary care.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Work in Palliative Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Nuelle Novik
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Support

A qualitative research study was conducted in northern Canada in 2007 which examined the realities and issues surrounding palliative care with seniors in remote northern settings. As a profession with a recognized role in supporting those who are dying and those who are bereaved, social work has been integral to the development of palliative care support services in northern Canada. However, in regions of the North where the social work profession is less developed and less recognized, the role for social work remains understated.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF NEW KNOWLEDGE IN A SCIENTIFIC TEXT

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Елена Александровна Баженова
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Object A ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of

Введение. С функционально-стилистических позиций рассматривается смысловая структура научного текста в аспекте выражения в нем нового знания. Понятие политекстуальности научного текста. С учетом экстралингвистической обусловленности разноаспектным содержанием познавательной деятельности научный текст определяется как система субтекстов. Под субтекстом понимается структурно-смысловая единица текста, репрезентирующая определенный аспект эпистемической ситуации – онтологический, методологический, аксиологический, коммуникативно-прагматический. В монографиях и статьях по разным наукам зафиксированы следующие типы субтекстов: субтекст нового знания, субтекст старого знания, методологический субтекст, субтекст оценки, субтекст авторизации, субтекст адресации, периферийный субтекст. Взаимодействие субтекстов обусловливает особое качество смысловой структуры научного текста – политекстуальность. Политекстуальность предполагает иерархические отношения между субтекстами. Наибольшей коммуникативной значимостью обладают два субтекста – субтекст нового знания и методологический субтекст, которые репрезентируют онтологическое содержание нового знания, заключенное в форму понятий, гипотез, теорем, доказательств и др. Остальные субтексты являются дополнительными и формируют эпистемический контекст нового знания. Характеристика субтекста нового знания. Субтекст нового знания является стержнем смысловой структуры научного текста. Развертывание данного субтекста эксплицирует динамику научно-познавательной деятельности автора, представленную последовательностью этапов получения нового знания в составе проблемной ситуации, проблемы, идеи или гипотезы, аргументации, вывода. Благодаря субтексту нового знания содержание каждого из этапов получает речевую репрезентацию. В научной коммуникации сформировался стилистический стандарт субтекста нового знания, включающего обоснование проблемы или постановку задачи, характеристику изучаемого объекта, представление идеи или гипотезы, определение понятий, аргументацию или доказательство гипотезы, экспликацию результатов и выводов. Рассматриваются различные варианты развертывания субтекста нового знания в текстах по лингвистике, математике, физике, химии, философии. Особое внимание уделяется анализу композиционной структуры субтекста нового знания в авторефератах диссертаций. Репрезентация нового знания в этом жанре «зеркально» отражает все этапы познавательной деятельности автора. Заключение. Интерпретация смысловой структуры научного текста как политекстуального целого с доминирующей ролью субтекста нового знания позволяет обобщенно представить типовую стилистико-речевую организацию научного текста. Introduction. From the functional-stylistic positions, the semantic structure of the scientific text is considered in the aspect of the expression of new knowledge in it. Results and discussion. Taking into account the extralinguistic conditionality of the diverse content of cognitive activity, a scientific text is defined as a system of subtexts. A subtext is a structural and semantic unit of a text that represents a certain aspect of an epistemic situation – ontological, methodological, axiological, communicative and pragmatic. The following types of subtexts are recorded in monographs and articles on various sciences: the new knowledge subtext, the old knowledge subtext, the methodological subtext, the evaluation subtext, the authorization subtext, the addressing subtext, and the peripheral subtext. The interaction of subtexts determines a special quality of the semantic structure of a scientific text – polytextuality. Polytextuality implies hierarchical relationships between subtexts. Two subtexts have the greatest communicative significance – the new knowledge subtext and the methodological subtext. It is these subtexts that represent the ontological content of the new knowledge, enclosed in the form of concepts, hypotheses, theorems, proofs, etc. Other subtexts form the epistemic context of the new knowledge. The subtext of new knowledge is the core of the semantic structure of a scientific text. The deployment of this subtext explicates the dynamics of scientific and cognitive activity of the author, represented by a sequence of stages of obtaining new knowledge. The cognitive stages include: problem situation, problem, idea or hypothesis, argument, conclusion. Due to the subtext of the new knowledge, the content of each of these stages receives a speech representation. In scientific communication has formed new knowledge stylistic standard, comprising the following composition units: problem or problem statement, characteristics of the studied object, a representation of the ideas or hypotheses, definition of concepts, reasoning or prove the hypothesis, explication of the results and conclusions. Variants of the deployment of the new knowledge subtext in academic texts on linguistics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and philosophy are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the compositional structure of the new knowledge subtext in the dissertation abstracts. The representation of new knowledge in this genre “mirrors” all stages of the author’s cognitive activity. Conclusion. Interpretation of the semantic structure of a scientific text as a polytextual structure with the dominant role of the subtext of new knowledge allows us to generalize the typical stylistic and speech organization of a scientific text.

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