Design and Assembly of an Extended Range Electric Vehicle as a University Capstone Project

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Sabatini ◽  
Ryle Maxson ◽  
William Haupfear ◽  
Sean Carter ◽  
Darris White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Capstone Project ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Controls Engineering ◽  
Vehicle Technologies

The Embry-Riddle HyREV system is an innovative combination of power-split Hybrid and Extended-Range Electric Vehicle technologies, designed to reduce petroleum energy consumption and improve vehicle efficiency across a range of operating conditions on a captured GM fleet vehicle. The HyREV system was developed for the EcoCAR Challenge, and features a high degree of vehicle electrification including all electric accessories, plug-in charging and electric all-wheel-drive through the integration of three electric motors. The proper packaging and integration of components used in the EcoCAR vehicle development process required a comprehensive understanding of element interaction from both a static (space claim) and dynamic (feasibility) standpoint. The research conducted in this competition is used as a capstone project for a wide array of majors, as well as being integrated extensively in several courses in the form of projects and lectures. The overall vehicle design requires expertise in mechanical, electrical, aerospace, computer, software, and controls engineering, as well as incorporating human factors students into the failure modes and effects analysis. The team is split into the different majors for organizational hierarchy; however, there are many tasks that require multidisciplinary ideas and experiences to properly design. The first year of EcoCAR incorporated an entirely virtual design, with the teams receiving hardware in year two. The team is currently in year two, and is assembling the physical components of the vehicle, along with the controls architecture that will drive the vehicle’s power systems. This 65% “mule” vehicle will be tested May 2010 at GM’s Desert Proving Grounds, located in Yuma, Arizona.

scholarly journals An Open-Circuit Fault Detection Method with Wavelet Transform In IGBT-Based DC/AC Inverter Used in Electric Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Moosavi ◽  
Hesam Akbari ◽  
Saeed Valipour
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Electric Industry ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm

<span>Today power electronics play an important role in the electric industry. Power electronic converters are an inseparable component in power systems. One of these converters is DC/AC inverter that is widely used in power systems, industrial applications, electric motor drive and electric vehicles. Due to the tense situation with the complexity that exists in these applications, inverters are exposed to failure. The fault occurring in inverter can cause disturbance and damaging harmonics, cut some industrial processes to in the power system or in the case of electric vehicles, causing irreparable damage. For this reason, detecting faults in the inverter is very important. In this paper, open circuit fault of IGBT in an electric vehicle has been examined. We use three-phase current and wavelet transform to identify the state of the system and we can extract current waveform characteristics. We use neural network algorithm for fault detection and classification.  An electric vehicle in 5 different speeds and 5 different torque and a total of 220 failure modes have been studied and tested. The results show the method has been succeeded to detection all forms of defined faults</span>

Thermomechanical Reliability Challenges and Goals and Design for Reliability Methodologies for Electric Vehicle Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Huitink
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Automotive Electronics ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Thermomechanical Reliability ◽  
Vehicle Market

With the anticipated growth in the electric vehicle market, advances in power electronics used in electric drivetrain, battery charging systems, etc. are delivering higher power densities, and with them, associated thermal challenges for operation in relatively closed vehicular systems. As such, the framework of reliability qualifications of electronic devices need to be reconsidered as system needs have moved beyond typical consumer electronic device needs, such as laptops or entertainment devices, where safe operation and longevity is essential to electric vehicle market viability. This work provides an overview of the reliability challenges associated with the operating environments and characteristics of power inverters in electric vehicles, particularly with respect to thermomechanical stresses. When considering the acceleration models presumed by the AEC Q100 specification for automotive electronics qualification, it is shown that inconsistencies in acceleration model form result in lack of clarity of how grades are chosen for different vehicle applications. Furthermore, the differences in vehicle drive cycles among user types show that service vehicles may have the most challenge to reliable operation, particularly in cold weather climates. As an alternative metric for determining reliability in cyclic stresses, a novel test methodology for correlating solder fatigue life (and other thermomechanical failure modes) is proposed. The mechanical test for electronic packages is capable to disentangle the effects of temperature and design from the thermal cycling reliability such that the fundamental physics of failure can be extracted in a systematic fashion, and thereby develop better physics-based reliability acceleration models. Moreover, this novel approach enables the determination of independent stress to failure metrics that can translate risk across design and operating conditions for different system layouts without the need for multiple qualification tests.

RANKINE: A Computer Software Package for the Analysis and Design of Steam Power Generating Units

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Somerton ◽  
T. Brouillette ◽  
C. Pourciau ◽  
D. Strawn ◽  
L. Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Steam Power System

A software package has been developed for the analysis of steam power systems. Twenty-eight configurations are considered, all based upon the simple Rankine cycle with various additional components such as feedwater heaters and reheat legs. The package is demonstrated by two examples. In the first, the optimum operating conditions for a simple reheat cycle are determined by using the program. The second example involves calculating the exergetic efficiency of an actual steam power system.

Optimal Placement of FACTS Devices for Voltage Stability Improvement with Economic Consideration Using Firefly Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
S. Rajasekaran ◽  
S. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Voltage Collapse ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bus System

Background: Increasing power demand forces the power systems to operate at their maximum operating conditions. This leads the power system into voltage instability and causes voltage collapse. To avoid this problem, FACTS devices have been used in power systems to increase system stability with much reduced economical ratings. To achieve this, the FACTS devices must be placed in exact location. This paper presents Firefly Algorithm (FA) based optimization method to locate these devices of exact rating and least cost in the transmission system. Methods: Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are the FACTS devices used in the proposed methodology to enhance the voltage stability of power systems. Considering two objectives of enhancing the voltage stability of the transmission system and minimizing the cost of the FACTS devices, the optimal ratings and cost were identified for the devices under consideration using Firefly algorithm as an optimization tool. Also, a model study had been done with four different cases such as normal case, line outage case, generator outage case and overloading case (140%) for IEEE 14,30,57 and 118 bus systems. Results: The optimal locations to install SVC and TCSC in IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus systems were evaluated with minimal L-indices and cost using the proposed Firefly algorithm. From the results, it could be inferred that the cost of installing TCSC in IEEE bus system is slightly higher than SVC.For showing the superiority of Firefly algorithm, the results were compared with the already published research finding where this problem was solved using Genetic algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. It was revealed that the proposed firefly algorithm gives better optimum solution in minimizing the L-index values for IEEE 30 Bus system. Conclusion: The optimal placement, rating and cost of installation of TCSC and SVC in standard IEEE bus systems which enhanced the voltage stability were evaluated in this work. The need of the FACTS devices was also tested during the abnormal cases such as line outage case, generator outage case and overloading case (140%) with the proposed Firefly algorithm. Outputs reveal that the recognized placement of SVC and TCSC reduces the probability of voltage collapse and cost of the devices in the transmission lines. The capability of Firefly algorithm was also ensured by comparing its results with the results of other algorithms.

scholarly journals Design Framework Based on TEC21 Educational Model and Education 4.0 Implemented in a Capstone Project: A Case Study of an Electric Vehicle Suspension System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5768
Author(s):  
Hugo A López ◽  
Pedro Ponce ◽  
Arturo Molina ◽  
María Soledad Ramírez-Montoya ◽  
Edgar Lopez-Caudana
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Capstone Project ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Vehicle Suspension System ◽  
Competencies Development

Nowadays, engineering students have to improve specific competencies to tackle the challenges of 21st-century-industry, referred to as Industry 4.0. Hence, this article describes the integration and implementation of Education 4.0 strategies with the new educational model of our university to respond to the needs of Industry 4.0 and society. The TEC21 Educational Model implemented at Tecnologico de Monterrey in Mexico aims to develop disciplinary and transversal competencies for creative and strategic problem-solving of present and future challenges. Education 4.0, as opposed to traditional education, seeks to provide solutions to these challenges through innovative pedagogies supported by emerging technologies. This article presents a case study of a Capstone project developed with undergraduate engineering students. The proposed structure integrates the TEC21 model and Education 4.0 through new strategies and laboratories, all linked to industry. The results of a multidisciplinary project focused on an electric vehicle racing team are presented, composed of Education 4.0 elements and competencies development in leadership, innovation, and entrepreneurship. The project was a collaboration between academia and the productive sector. The results verified the students’ success in acquiring the necessary competencies and skills to become technological leaders in today’s modern industry. One of the main contributions shown is a suitable education framework for bringing together the characteristics established by Education 4.0 and achieved by our educational experience based on Education 4.0.

scholarly journals Analysis and Comparative Assessment of Basic Tribological Properties of Selected Polymer Composites

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Jozwik ◽  
Krzysztof Dziedzic ◽  
Marcin Barszcz ◽  
Mykhaylo Pashechko
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Cast Polyamide ◽  
Friction Path ◽  
Materials Used

Phenomena occurring in the contact area between two mating bodies are characterised by high complexity and variability. Comparisons are usually made between parameters such as the coefficient of friction, friction force, wear and temperature in relation to time and friction path. Their correct measurement enables the proper evaluation of tribological properties of materials used in the friction pair. This paper concerns the measurements of basic tribological parameters in the friction of selected polymer composites. Knowing the tribological properties of these composite materials, it will be possible to create proper operating conditions for kinematic friction pairs. This study investigated the coefficients of friction, friction force and temperatures of six polymer composites: cast polyamide PA6 G with oil, PA6 G with MoS2, polyoxymethylene POM with aluminium, polyethylene terephthalate PET with polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, PTFE with bronze, and PTFE with graphite. The friction surface was also examined using an optical system and computer software for 3D measurements. As a result, PA6-G with oil was found to be the best choice as a composite material for thin sliding coatings.

A Methodology for Optimization of Power Systems Demand Due to Electric Vehicle Charging Load

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1628-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Kejun Qian ◽  
Chengke Zhou ◽  
Brian G. Stewart ◽  
Donald M. Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging

Manufacturing the Electric Vehicle: A Window of Technological Opportunity for Southern California

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
C O Quandt
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Technological Opportunity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Automobile Manufacturer ◽  
Vehicle Technologies

The California Air Resources Board has mandated that by 1998 2% of new vehicles sold in California must be zero emission, effectively, electric vehicles. This requirement is largely responsible for the electric vehicle development programs run by almost every global automobile manufacturer that does business in the United States. At present, no single electric vehicle technology, from battery type, to propulsion system, to vehicle design, represents a standard for a protoelectric vehicle industry. In this paper competing electric vehicle technologies are reviewed, leading public and private electric vehicle research programs worldwide are summarized, and the barriers faced by competing technological systems in terms of manufacturing and infrastructural requirements are examined.

Reverse Engineering Using Close Range Photogrammetry for Additive Manufactured Reproduction of Egyptian Artefacts and Other Objets d’art

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kaufman ◽  
Allan E. W. Rennie ◽  
Morag Clement
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Geometric Representations ◽  
Objective Being

Photogrammetry has been in use for over one hundred and fifty years. This research considers how digital image capture using a medium range Nikon Digital SLR camera, can be transformed into 3D virtual spatial images, and together with additive manufacturing (AM) technology, geometric representations of the original artefact can be fabricated. The research has focused on the use of photogrammetry as opposed to laser scanning (LS), investigating the shift from LS use to a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera exclusively. The basic photogrammetry equipment required is discussed, with the main objective being simplicity of execution for eventual realisation of physical products. As the processing power of computers has increased and become widely available, at affordable prices, software programs have improved, so it is now possible to digitally combine multi-view photographs, taken from 360°, into 3D virtual representational images. This has now led to the possibility of 3D images being created without LS intervention. Two methods of digital data capture are employed and discussed, in acquiring up to 130 digital data images, taken from different angles using the DSLR camera together with the specific operating conditions in which to photograph the objects. Three case studies are documented, the first, a modern clay sculpture, whilst the other two are 3000 year old Egyptian clay artefacts and the objects were recreated using AM technology. It has been shown that with the use of a standard DSLR camera and computer software, 2D images can be converted into 3D virtual video replicas as well as solid, geometric representation of the originals.

The Role of Offshore Monitoring in an Effective Deepwater Riser Integrity Management Program

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Goldsmith ◽  
Elizabeth Foyt ◽  
Madhu Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Deepwater Riser

As offshore field developments move into deeper water, one of the greatest challenges is in designing riser systems capable of overcoming the added risks of more severe environments, complicated well requirements and uncertainty of operating conditions. The failure of a primary riser component could lead to unacceptable consequences, including environmental damage, lost production and possible injury or loss of human life. Identification of the risks facing riser systems and management of these risks are essential to ensure that riser systems operate without failure. Operators have recognized the importance of installing instrumentation such as global positioning systems (GPS), vessel motion measurement packages, wind and wave sensors and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) units to monitor vessel motions and environmental conditions. Additionally, high precision monitoring equipment has been developed for capturing riser response. Measured data from these instruments allow an operator to determine when the limits of acceptable response, predicted by analysis or determined by physical limitations of the riser components, have been exceeded. Regular processing of measured data through automated routines ensures that integrity can be quickly assessed. This is particularly important following extreme events, such as a hurricane or loop current. High and medium alert levels are set for each parameter, based on design analysis and operating data. Measured data is compared with these alert levels, and when an alert level is reached, further response evaluation or inspection of the components in question is recommended. This paper will describe the role of offshore monitoring in an integrity management program and discuss the development of alert levels based on potential failure modes of the riser systems. The paper will further demonstrate how this process is key for an effective integrity management program for deepwater riser systems.

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