Properties of Brassica Carinata and Camelina Sativa Meals and Fast Pyrolysis Derived Bio-Oils

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Harris ◽  
James Lawburgh ◽  
Brian Lawburgh ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Viable Biomass ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Strong Acids

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from various sources of biomass. In this research, fast pyrolysis of Brassica carinata and Camelina sativa meals were performed using a fluidized bed reactor. Chemical and physical properties of each oil sample were analyzed to determine the initial characteristics of the samples produced. Karl Fischer method was used to determine the water content and a total acid test was used to determine the total number of strong acids in each oil sample. A bomb calorimeter was used to determine the energy content of each bio-oil sample. Calorimetry and particle sizing were also done on the meals, on “dried” samples and “as received” samples. Particle size distributions of ground and unground samples of the feedstocks were determined. The results from this study can be used to assess the possibilities of using Brassica carinata and Camelina sativa meals as viable biomass sources for producing bio-oil. This could add value to these meals by turning a by-product of the oil extraction process into a resource for production of bio-oil.

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Camelina Sativa Meal in an Auger Reactor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan R. Almberg ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Auger Reactor

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of camelina (Camelina sativa) meal feedstock was performed in an auger-type reactor. End products of the processing consisted of bio-char and condensed vapor in the form of bio-oil (ranging from liquid to highly viscous tar-like products). The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this study. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicated that products of the camelina meal pyrolysis process were more uniform when compared to that of other feedstocks (e.g. carinata meal, corn stover), yielding more consistent bio-oil characteristics.

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Brassica Carinata in an Auger Type Reactor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Sonnek ◽  
Stephen P. Gent ◽  
Gregory J. Michna
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Type Reactor ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of Brassica carinata meal, or simply carinata meal, was performed in an auger-type reactor. The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this research. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicate that any reactor temperature above 500°C produces bio-oils of similar composition, although with changes in yield. In addition, the short-term aging results of the bio-oils have shown insignificant changes in total acid number, water content, and energy content.

Fast Pyrolysis of Distillated Ashe Juniper Biomass

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime J. Jua´rez ◽  
Victor R. Contreras ◽  
Gaston R. Haupert ◽  
Steven Hill ◽  
Daren E. Daugaard
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
Liquid Yield

Ashe Juniper is one of three major species of juniper native to Texas. Communities of Ashe Juniper occupy over 8 million acres of Texas rangelands and are responsible for herbage reduction, which adversely impacts the livestock carrying capacity. Ashe Juniper wood contains aromatic liquids called essential oils, which are economically beneficial for the personal care products industry. In order to exploit this benefit Texarome, Inc. of Leaky, Texas uses a large-scale steam distillation process to extract aromatic liquids from Ashe Juniper. This process results in a large quantity of Ashe Juniper woodchip waste for which there is few uses. A moderate temperature process known as fast pyrolysis was used to convert steam-distillated Ashe Juniper into a liquid known as bio-oil. An average liquid yield of 40.8% is reported for steam-distillated Ashe Juniper biomass and an average liquid yield of 47.3% is reported Ashe Juniper biomass that has not undergone the steam distillation process. This work demonstrates that the energy content of steam distillated Ashe Juniper can be extracted and the conversion to bio-oil is another potential use for Ashe Juniper woodchip waste. An economic model of Ashe Juniper biomass developed previously by Jua´rez and Daugaard was used to examine the economic impact of steam-distilled Ashe Juniper by simulating a 4,046-hectare (10,000 acre) Ashe Juniper energy plantation. It was found that bio-oil could be produced for as little as $5.20/GJ on a lower heating value basis if re-investment of profits made from the sale of essential oils extracted during the steam distillation process was assumed. Bio-oil from un-distillated Ashe Juniper could be produced for $13.21/GJ.

scholarly journals Fast Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter in a Bubbling Fluidised Bed Reactor: Energy and Nutrient Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Shankar Pandey ◽  
Giannis Katsaros ◽  
Christian Lindfors ◽  
James J. Leahy ◽  
Savvas A. Tassou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

Livestock production is among the most rapidly growing sectors of the agricultural economy driven primarily by growing demand for animal protein, but also posing significant waste disposal issues and environmental impacts. Moreover, opportunities exist for utilising animal waste at the farm level for heat and power generation (thermal conversion) which can contribute to economic sustainability and also provide a bio-fertiliser for soil amendment. The present study is focused on energy and nutrient recovery from poultry litter using a thermochemical conversion technology (fast pyrolysis). The formation of products (gases, biochar and bio-oil) during the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter was experimentally investigated in a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Pyrolytic gases accounted for 15–22 wt.% of the product. The carbon content in biochar increased from 47 to 48.5 wt.% with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature. Phosphorous and potassium recovery in the biochar were over 75%, suggesting that it could be used as an organic soil amendment. The high ash content in poultry litter (14.3 wt.%) resulted in low bio-oil and high biochar yield. The bio-oil yield was over 27 wt.% with a higher heating value of 32.17 MJ/kg (dry basis). The total acid number of the bio-oil decreased from 46.30 to 38.50 with an increase in temperature. The nitrogen content in the bio-oil produced from the poultry litter (>7 wt.%) was significantly higher compared to bio-oil produced from the wood (0.1 wt.%).

scholarly journals Experimental study of fast pyrolysis vapors fractionation through different staged condensation configurations

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mati ◽  
Marco Buffi ◽  
Stefano Dell’Orco ◽  
M.P. Ruiz Ramiro ◽  
S.R.A. Kersten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
High Boiling Point ◽  
Fractional Condensation ◽  
Liquid Yield

The quality of biocrudes from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass can be improved by optimizing the downstream condensation systems to separate and concentrate selected classes of compounds, thus operating different technological solutions and condensation temperatures in multiple condensation stages. Scientific literature reports that fractional condensation can be deployed as an effective and relatively affordable step in fast pyrolysis. It consists in a controlled multiple condensation approach, which aims at the separated collection of classes of compounds that can be further upgraded to bio-derived chemicals through downstream treatments. In this study, fractional condensation has been applied to a fast pyrolysis reactor of 1 kg h-1 feed, connected to two different condensation units: one composed by a series of two spray condensers and an intensive cooler; a second by an electrostatic precipitator and an intensive cooler too. Fast pyrolysis of pinewood was conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor at 500 °C, while condensable vapours were collected by an interchangeable series of condensers. Using the first configuration, high boiling point compounds – such as sugars and lignin-derived oligomers – were condensed at higher temperatures in the first stage (100 – 170 °C), while water soluble lighter compounds and most of the water were condensed at lower temperatures and so largely removed from the bio-oil. In the first two condensing stages, the bio-oil water content remained below 7 wt % (resulting in 20 MJ kg-1 of energy content) maintaining about 43% of the liquid yield, compared to the 55% of the single step condensation runs. The work thus generated promising results, confirming the interest on upscaling the fractional condensation approach to full scale biorefinering.

Investigation Into the Effects of Reaction Duration on the Isothermal Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rhett Mayor ◽  
Alexander Williams
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Reaction Duration ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Bio-oils were produced within a fast-pyrolysis micro-reactor at 400°C from Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda) with varying residence times. This preliminary study has considered two boundary values for the residence time, evaluating the products of the reaction at 20 seconds and 120 seconds. The collected bio-oils were analyzed for their calorific values (LHV) and biomass conversion efficiencies. Heating rates greater than 100°C/s were achieved for the biomass, allowing for isothermal conditions to exist throughout the majority of the reaction despite short residence times. This study shows the effect that reaction duration has on the mass of the bio-oil yield and energy content present for the isothermal fast pyrolysis of Loblolly Pine and evaluates the predictive capabilities of TGA derived Arrhenius coefficients.

Effect of Soil on Fast Pyrolysis Products from Pine (Pinus taeda) Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjain Pradhan ◽  
Sushil Adhikari ◽  
Oladiran Fasina ◽  
Hyungseok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Bio Oil

Abstract. Detrital soil contamination during wood harvesting cannot be avoided without a further cleaning step. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Piedmont soil on pinewood pyrolysis products. Ash content was varied at 0.56%, 1.16%, 2.77%, 4.40%, 6.87%, 8.35%, and 15.52% by adding soil to woodchips to mimic the highly soil-contaminated biomass that can be found in biorefineries. This study found that bio-oil yield decreased from 47.1% to 26.3% with an increase in ash content from 0.56% to 15.52%. However, the oxygen content of the bio-oil decreased and the carbon content increased, which led to an increase in heating value from 22.5 to 24.9 MJ kg-1. Inorganics in the soil aided in the catalytic cracking and dehydration reactions for bio-oil formation. A slight increase in the total acid number (106 to 117 mg KOH g-1) and water content (20.72% to 24.99%) was observed with more soil inclusion in the pyrolysis. The effect of soil on biochar O/C and H/C ratios was minimal even though the heating value decreased with an increase in soil content. This study showed that soil (4%wt to 7%wt) in the biomass assisted in deoxygenating the bio-oil and lowered the total mass yield while keeping the total energy yield almost constant. Keywords: Fast pyrolysis, Pinewood, Pinus taeda, Soil, Thermochemical conversion.

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