Fast Pyrolysis of Distillated Ashe Juniper Biomass

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime J. Jua´rez ◽  
Victor R. Contreras ◽  
Gaston R. Haupert ◽  
Steven Hill ◽  
Daren E. Daugaard
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
Liquid Yield

Ashe Juniper is one of three major species of juniper native to Texas. Communities of Ashe Juniper occupy over 8 million acres of Texas rangelands and are responsible for herbage reduction, which adversely impacts the livestock carrying capacity. Ashe Juniper wood contains aromatic liquids called essential oils, which are economically beneficial for the personal care products industry. In order to exploit this benefit Texarome, Inc. of Leaky, Texas uses a large-scale steam distillation process to extract aromatic liquids from Ashe Juniper. This process results in a large quantity of Ashe Juniper woodchip waste for which there is few uses. A moderate temperature process known as fast pyrolysis was used to convert steam-distillated Ashe Juniper into a liquid known as bio-oil. An average liquid yield of 40.8% is reported for steam-distillated Ashe Juniper biomass and an average liquid yield of 47.3% is reported Ashe Juniper biomass that has not undergone the steam distillation process. This work demonstrates that the energy content of steam distillated Ashe Juniper can be extracted and the conversion to bio-oil is another potential use for Ashe Juniper woodchip waste. An economic model of Ashe Juniper biomass developed previously by Jua´rez and Daugaard was used to examine the economic impact of steam-distilled Ashe Juniper by simulating a 4,046-hectare (10,000 acre) Ashe Juniper energy plantation. It was found that bio-oil could be produced for as little as $5.20/GJ on a lower heating value basis if re-investment of profits made from the sale of essential oils extracted during the steam distillation process was assumed. Bio-oil from un-distillated Ashe Juniper could be produced for $13.21/GJ.

scholarly journals Experimental study of fast pyrolysis vapors fractionation through different staged condensation configurations

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mati ◽  
Marco Buffi ◽  
Stefano Dell’Orco ◽  
M.P. Ruiz Ramiro ◽  
S.R.A. Kersten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
High Boiling Point ◽  
Fractional Condensation ◽  
Liquid Yield

The quality of biocrudes from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass can be improved by optimizing the downstream condensation systems to separate and concentrate selected classes of compounds, thus operating different technological solutions and condensation temperatures in multiple condensation stages. Scientific literature reports that fractional condensation can be deployed as an effective and relatively affordable step in fast pyrolysis. It consists in a controlled multiple condensation approach, which aims at the separated collection of classes of compounds that can be further upgraded to bio-derived chemicals through downstream treatments. In this study, fractional condensation has been applied to a fast pyrolysis reactor of 1 kg h-1 feed, connected to two different condensation units: one composed by a series of two spray condensers and an intensive cooler; a second by an electrostatic precipitator and an intensive cooler too. Fast pyrolysis of pinewood was conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor at 500 °C, while condensable vapours were collected by an interchangeable series of condensers. Using the first configuration, high boiling point compounds – such as sugars and lignin-derived oligomers – were condensed at higher temperatures in the first stage (100 – 170 °C), while water soluble lighter compounds and most of the water were condensed at lower temperatures and so largely removed from the bio-oil. In the first two condensing stages, the bio-oil water content remained below 7 wt % (resulting in 20 MJ kg-1 of energy content) maintaining about 43% of the liquid yield, compared to the 55% of the single step condensation runs. The work thus generated promising results, confirming the interest on upscaling the fractional condensation approach to full scale biorefinering.

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Camelina Sativa Meal in an Auger Reactor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan R. Almberg ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Auger Reactor

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of camelina (Camelina sativa) meal feedstock was performed in an auger-type reactor. End products of the processing consisted of bio-char and condensed vapor in the form of bio-oil (ranging from liquid to highly viscous tar-like products). The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this study. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicated that products of the camelina meal pyrolysis process were more uniform when compared to that of other feedstocks (e.g. carinata meal, corn stover), yielding more consistent bio-oil characteristics.

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Brassica Carinata in an Auger Type Reactor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Sonnek ◽  
Stephen P. Gent ◽  
Gregory J. Michna
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Type Reactor ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of Brassica carinata meal, or simply carinata meal, was performed in an auger-type reactor. The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this research. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicate that any reactor temperature above 500°C produces bio-oils of similar composition, although with changes in yield. In addition, the short-term aging results of the bio-oils have shown insignificant changes in total acid number, water content, and energy content.

Experimentally Derived Arrhenius Coefficients for the Reaction Modeling of Fast Pyrolysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rhett Mayor ◽  
Alexander Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Bulk Reaction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

The search for fossil fuel alternatives has been one of increasing interest in recent years and one method which shows evidence of feasibility on a large scale is the production of bio-oil through the pyrolysis of biomass. In order to mathematically characterize biomass pyrolysis reactions for the purpose of process modeling, reaction descriptors in the form of Arrhenius coefficients are frequently utilized. Due to the complexity and inhomogeneity of biomass molecular structures, strictly analytically derived Arrhenius coefficients are not capable of predicting pyrolysis behaviors and outcomes. Typically thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is employed as a method of extracting mass conversion data as a function of temperature from which bulk reaction descriptors following the form of Arrhenius reaction coefficients are derived. The preceding time and temperature history, however, will have a significant impact on the biomass conversion processes at each subsequent data point. This renders derived process predictors from TGA incapable of approximating fast pyrolysis reactions which have a markedly different time and temperature history than is seen utilizing TGA methods. Experimentally derived reaction descriptors of the Arrhenius form for the fast pyrolysis of biomass have been investigated utilizing a novel isothermal fast pyrolysis reactor. Multiple reaction durations and reaction temperatures for Pinus Taeda were tested resulting in measurements of biomass conversion. Reaction coefficients derived from the data are compared to coefficients derived utilizing TGA data and their predictions for mass conversion are contrasted.

Properties of Brassica Carinata and Camelina Sativa Meals and Fast Pyrolysis Derived Bio-Oils

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Harris ◽  
James Lawburgh ◽  
Brian Lawburgh ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Viable Biomass ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Strong Acids

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from various sources of biomass. In this research, fast pyrolysis of Brassica carinata and Camelina sativa meals were performed using a fluidized bed reactor. Chemical and physical properties of each oil sample were analyzed to determine the initial characteristics of the samples produced. Karl Fischer method was used to determine the water content and a total acid test was used to determine the total number of strong acids in each oil sample. A bomb calorimeter was used to determine the energy content of each bio-oil sample. Calorimetry and particle sizing were also done on the meals, on “dried” samples and “as received” samples. Particle size distributions of ground and unground samples of the feedstocks were determined. The results from this study can be used to assess the possibilities of using Brassica carinata and Camelina sativa meals as viable biomass sources for producing bio-oil. This could add value to these meals by turning a by-product of the oil extraction process into a resource for production of bio-oil.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fuel Yield of Biomaterials Between Fast Pyrolysis and Gasification

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Matthew Charles Stokes Hughes ◽  
Lachlan Mcfall ◽  
Matthew Christiansen ◽  
Nicholas Zepernick
Keyword(s):  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Lower Heating ◽  
The Ideal

Pyrolysis is a viable method of extracting combustible fuels as gases or liquids from various, high carbon and hydrogen containing biomaterials. This Meta-study attempts to find the ideal combinations of processes for maximising biofuel output by comparing a range of biomaterials (cotton stalks, algae and peach scraps), put through the two primary methods of pyrolysis, through analysis of reactor type, Temperature, particle size and lower heating value achieved from biofuel output. It is proposed that the fast pyrolysis of Algae in a Fluidized bed reactor at a temperature of 550°C is the optimum combination of parameters for maximising biofuel output in terms of bio-oil yield and lower heating value (LHV) in kJ/kg.

scholarly journals Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction of Thymus mastichina Essential Oil: Influence on Their Chemical Composition and on the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
André R. T. S. Araujo ◽  
Sandrine Périno ◽  
Xavier Fernandez ◽  
Cassandra Cunha ◽  
Márcio Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Dry Distillation ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) is a combination of microwave heating and dry distillation performed at atmospheric pressure without the addition of water or organic solvents that has been proposed as a green method for the extraction of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal herbs. In this work, SFME and the conventional techniques of steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) were compared with respect to the extraction and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Thymus mastichina essential oil. The main constituent of essential oils obtained using different methods was 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol). The results showed that the essential oils extracted by means of SFME in 30 min were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained using conventional HD over 120 min. In addition, SFME generates less waste and less solvent, consumes less energy, and provides a higher yield for a shorter extraction time, which is advantageous for the extraction of the T. mastichina essential oil compared to SD. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the T. mastichina essential oil obtained from either SFME or conventional extraction methods (SD or HD) showed a similar pattern. Large-scale experiments using this SFME procedure showed a potential industrial application.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis: Preliminary assessment of pyrolysis oil production costs and material energy balance associated with a transportable fast pyrolysis system

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Phil Badger ◽  
Scott Badger ◽  
Maureen Puettmann ◽  
Philip Steele ◽  
Jerome Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pine Wood Chips ◽  
The Cost

A techno-economic analysis was performed for a 100 dry-ton/day (90,719 kg/day) fast pyrolysis transportable plant. Renewable Oil International® LLC provided the life cycle cost of operating a 100 dry-ton/day fast pyrolysis system using southern pine wood chips as feedstock. Since data was not available from an actual large-scale plant, the study examined data obtained from an actual 15 dry-ton/day pilot plant and from several smaller plants. These data were used to obtain base figures to aid in the development of models to generate scaled-up costs for a larger 100 dry-ton/day facility. Bio-oil represented 60% of mass of product yield. The cost for the bio-oil from fast pyrolysis was valued at $0.94/gal. Energy cost bio-oil and char was valued at $6.35/MMBTU. Costs associated with purchasing feedstocks can drastically influence the final cost of the bio-oil. The assumed cost of feedstocks was $25/wet ton or $50/dry ton. This paper is part of a larger study investigating the economic and environmental impacts for producing bio-oil / biocide wood preservatives.

scholarly journals Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities ofCananga odorata(Ylang-Ylang)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loh Teng Hern Tan ◽  
Learn Han Lee ◽  
Wai Fong Yin ◽  
Chim Kei Chan ◽  
Habsah Abdul Kadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorataHook. F. & Thomson) is one of the plants that are exploited at a large scale for its essential oil which is an important raw material for the fragrance industry. The essential oils extracted via steam distillation from the plant have been used mainly in cosmetic industry but also in food industry. Traditionally,C. odoratais used to treat malaria, stomach ailments, asthma, gout, and rheumatism. The essential oils or ylang-ylang oil is used in aromatherapy and is believed to be effective in treating depression, high blood pressure, and anxiety. Many phytochemical studies have identified the constituents present in the essential oils ofC. odorata. A wide range of chemical compounds including monoterpene, sesquiterpenes, and phenylpropanoids have been isolated from this plant. Recent studies have shown a wide variety of bioactivities exhibited by the essential oils and the extracts ofC. odorataincluding antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, antivector, insect-repellent, antidiabetic, antifertility and antimelanogenesis activities. Thus, the present review summarizes the information concerning the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities ofC. odorata. This review is aimed at demonstrating thatC. odoratanot only is an important raw material for perfume industry but also considered as a prospective useful plant to agriculture and medicine.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis of Date Palm Waste for Adoption in Saudi Arabia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6048
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Al Yahya ◽  
Tahir Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Mubashar Omar ◽  
Munir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Date Palm Waste ◽  
Palm Waste

Date palm trees, being an important source of nutrition, are grown at a large scale in Saudi Arabia. The biomass waste of date palm, discarded of in a non-environmentally-friendly manner at present, can be used for biofuel generation through the fast pyrolysis technique. This technique is considered viable for thermochemical conversion of solid biomass into biofuels in terms of the initial investment, production cost, and operational cost, as well as power consumption and thermal application cost. In this study, a techno-economic analysis has been performed to assess the feasibility of converting date palm waste into bio-oil, char, and burnable gases by defining the optimum reactor design and thermal profile. Previous studies concluded that at an optimum temperature of 525 °C, the maximum bio-oil, char and gases obtained from pyrolysis of date palm waste contributed 38.8, 37.2 and 24% of the used feed stock material (on weight basis), respectively, while fluidized bed reactor exhibited high suitability for fast pyrolysis. Based on the pyrolysis product percentage, the economic analysis estimated the net saving of USD 556.8 per ton of the date palm waste processed in the pyrolysis unit. It was further estimated that Saudi Arabia could earn USD 44.77 million per annum, approximately, if 50% of the total date palm waste were processed through fast pyrolysis, with a payback time of 2.57 years. Besides that, this intervention will reduce 2029 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually, contributing towards a lower carbon footprint.

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