A New Concept of a Large-Workspace Small-Size Bending Bellow Actuator

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Wolf ◽  
Ga´bor Ko´sa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Bending Effect ◽  
Output Torque ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Actuation Devices

Ask a mechanical designer, especially those dealing with robotics, what are the two main limitations when designing a new autonomous small mechanism. The answer will most likely be the need for better small-size actuation devices and better and smaller energy sources. Indeed, these two factors impose most of the constraints to designers, reflected in the size of the device, the forces it can apply, its achievable workspace, and the time duration it can work when not connected to a permanent energy source. Usually these parameters are in conflict with each other, that is, a small motor has somewhat low output torque and power, while a motor that can generate a large amount of torque is usually large in size and consumes a lot of power. Consequently, every mechanism designer is eager to design a small actuator that generates a large amount of torque while it simultaneously consumes a reasonable amount of energy. This report explains our efforts in developing an inflatable actuator having a small size yet can apply relatively large torque where at the same time can cover a large workspace. The inflatable actuator is shaped as a bellow which is composed of two materials with different shear modulus—one has high elasticity and the other low. By applying pressure inside the bellow, each of the materials tends to deform according to Hooke’s law, resulting in the bending effect due to the elongation differences between the two materials which are constrained to deform simultaneously. We describe the mechanical concept of the bellow actuator; we also provide an analytical model for the bellow deformation. Experimental results for verification of the model are also presented.

Fuzzy AHP-GRA approach to evaluating energy sources: a case of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeki Ayağ ◽  
Funda Samanlioglu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fuzzy Gra

Purpose Since the demand for energy has dramatically increased in the countries which have fast-growing population and economy, they have faced with a critical problem of how to evaluate a set of potential energy sources (i.e. nuclear, natural gas, bio, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar) and choose the ultimate energy source for their needs. On the other hand, this critical problem turns into a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in the presence of a set of energy source alternatives and evaluation criteria. In literature, there are many MCDM methods introduced to solve for different kinds of problems. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated approach for evaluating energy sources using fuzzy AHP and GRA, with a case for Turkey. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA) methods are used because of their advantages for similar problems. On the other hand, due to the fact that the conventional AHP by a nine-point scale and GRA method using a scale with crisp values can be unable to handle to capture the right judgments of a decision-maker(s), to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of a decision-maker, the fuzzy logic is integrated with the AHP and GRA. Findings The contributions of the paper to the literature are given in two dimensions as follows: it presents an integrated approach for complex decision processes with subjective data or vague information; the proposed approach, the fuzzy AHP-GRA method for energy source selection, is unique for the related problem in literature. The results of the proposed model from the case of Turkey will help practitioners and experts of how to apply it to the similar problems in the field of energy management. Research limitations/implications In short, in this paper, an integrated approach is proposed through the fuzzy AHP and the fuzzy GRA methods. As the fuzzy AHP is used to determine the weights of evaluation criteria, the fuzzy GRA is used to rank energy source alternatives. Practical implications In addition, a case study for Turkey is presented to show the applicability of the proposed approach for potential practitioners who are authority in the field of energy in public and private sectors. Social implications On the other hand, the proposed approach, the fuzzy AHP-GRA for energy source selection can also be an intelligent tool for public and private energy companies in Turkey, as well as others in the world. Originality/value On the other hand, in this paper, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study contributes to the literature that the first time, they use the fuzzy alpha-cut AHP and GRA in fuzzy environment for energy source evaluation problem.

Factor Structure of the Hellenic WISC-III for Children with Learning Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 20445-20451
Author(s):  
Adam A ◽  
Kiosseoglou G ◽  
Abatzoglou G ◽  
Papaligoura Z.
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Picture Arrangement ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Verbal Subtest ◽  
Two Factors

The present research aims to examine the factor structure of the Hellenic WISC-III in a sample of 50 children with learning disabilities. The results show the existence of a factorial model with two factors, one aggregating the Comprehension verbal subtest with four performance subtests and the other the Picture Arrangement performance subtest with four verbal subtests. This two-factor model includes loadings in two factors that relate to the sequencing abilities and the verbal reasoning abilities of children. These findings assert the clinical value of the intelligence evaluation in these children.

Polityka klimatyczno-energetyczna Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy

The article is devoted to the subject of the goals of the climate and energy policy of the European Union, which can have both a positive, and a negative impact on the environmental and energy policies. Positive aspects are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supplies, which should improve Europe independence from energy imports, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system structures. On the other hand, overly ambitious targets and actions can lead to large losses for the economies of EU Member States. The article also highlights the realities prevailing in the international arena and noncompliance of international actors with global agreements on climate protection.

scholarly journals Two Factors in Face Recognition: Whether You Know the Person’s Face and Whether You Share the Person’s Race

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110140
Author(s):  
Xingchen Zhou ◽  
A. M. Burton ◽  
Rob Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Race Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Unfamiliar Face

One of the best-known phenomena in face recognition is the other-race effect, the observation that own-race faces are better remembered than other-race faces. However, previous studies have not put the magnitude of other-race effect in the context of other influences on face recognition. Here, we compared the effects of (a) a race manipulation (own-race/other-race face) and (b) a familiarity manipulation (familiar/unfamiliar face) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We found that the familiarity effect was several times larger than the race effect in all performance measures. However, participants expected race to have a larger effect on others than it actually did. Face recognition accuracy depends much more on whether you know the person’s face than whether you share the same race.

scholarly journals Measuring the contribution of specialist vocabulary knowledge to academic achievement: disentangling effects of multiple types of word knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Masrai ◽  
James Milton ◽  
Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs ◽  
Heba Elmenshawy
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Academic Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigates the idea that knowledge of specialist subject vocabulary can make a significant and measurable impact on academic performance, separate from and additional to the impact of general and academic vocabulary knowledge. It tests the suggestion of Hyland and Tse (TESOL Quarterly, 41:235–253, 2007) that specialist vocabulary should be given more attention in teaching. Three types of vocabulary knowledge, general, academic and a specialist business vocabulary factors, are tested against GPA and a business module scores among students of business at a college in Egypt. The results show that while general vocabulary size has the greatest explanation of variance in the academic success factors, the other two factors - academic and a specialist business vocabulary - make separate and additional further contributions. The contribution to the explanation of variance made by specialist vocabulary knowledge is double that of academic vocabulary knowledge.

Hypertriglyceridemia: Apheretic Treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1018-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Giannini ◽  
M. Valbonesi ◽  
F. Morelli ◽  
P. Carlier ◽  
M.C. De Luigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
High Triglyceride

Patients with extremely high triglyceride levels and associated lipemia are at high risk for acute pancreatitis. Two factors can increase triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; one is overproduction and other is a defect in clearance. Either mechanism can cause hypertriglyceridemia and both may exist simultaneously. Causes can be either primary or secondary. Plasmapheresis is efficacious for severe hypertryceridemia in patients who have not responded to previous therapies. We have treated 15 cases of hypertrygliceridemia complicating the course of patients receiving Cyclosporin A after bone marrow transplantation. Five patients were treated with plasmapheresis, the other ten with cascade filtration. The removal rate for triglycerides was 58.0% for patients treated by cascade filtration and 63.5% for patients treated by plasmapheresis. The removal rates for triglycerides were low possibly as a consequence of early saturation of the filter.

The Semantic Differential as an Index of Traffic Sign Perception and Comprehension

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Dewar ◽  
Jerry G. Ells
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Verbal Messages ◽  
Highly Correlated

There is a need to develop and validate simple, inexpensive techniques for the evaluation of traffic sign messages. This paper examines the semantic differential (a paper-and-pencil test which measures psychological meaning) as a potential instrument for such evaluation. Two experiments are described, one relating semantic differential scores to comprehension and the other relating this index to glance legibility. The data indicate that semantic differential scores on all four factors (evaluative, activity, potency, and understandability) were highly correlated with comprehension of symbolic messages. These scores were unrelated to glance legibility of verbal messages, but two factors (evaluative and understandability) did correlate with glance legibility of symbolic messages. It was concluded that the semantic differential is a valid instrument for evaluating comprehension of symbolic sign messages and that it has advantages over other techniques.

Studi Analisa Potensi Sumber Air sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) di Karungan Kelurahan Mamburungan Timur Kota Tarakan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Hadi Santoso ◽  
Eris Santoso ◽  
Ruslim Ruslim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
The People ◽  
City Water

The supply of electrical energy in Tarakan City, North Kalimantan, still relies on diesel power which uses a limited number of petroleum energy sources. There is a need for research related to renewable energy sources that have the potential to become alternative energy for the people of Tarakan City. Water is an energy source that has great potential to generate electricity. The energy source that should be taken into account is micro-hydro which can be used as a Micro-hydro Power Plant (PLTMH). A survey of micro-hydro sources in Tarakan City, precisely in the Karungan area, East Mamburungan Village, has been carried out with the direct measurement method of water discharge and the relationship with the power generated. The result shows the water source has a discharge 0.00034 m3/ s, the water velocity of 0.035 m/s and generates power only up to 1.1 watts. Based on the power obtained, the water source in this place cannot be used as a source of micro-hydro energy, but has the potential as a source of pico-hydro energy.

Ground vibrations near dynamite blasts*

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496
Author(s):  
L. Don Leet
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Vibrations ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Natural Decay

Summary In general, then, the concentrated energy at the source is actually divided among the principal wave types, which are there added together. Within very short distances, however, these wave types begin to separate because of their different velocities. There are thus two factors working to reduce the maximum shaking to which the ground is subjected. One is the natural decay of each wave with distance, as internal friction exhausts its original energy. The other, which is usually the dominating effect at short distances, is this stringing out of the wave types, each carrying its portion of the initial energy, until there is no longer any concentration where two or more types join forces to produce additive amplitudes.

The Evolution of the Colour Sense

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (199) ◽  
pp. 678-679
Author(s):  
F. W. Edridge-Green
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Normal Distance ◽  
Colour Sense ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Colour Blindness ◽  
The Mind

All the facts which can be gathered from the study of museums or literature point to the conclusion that the sense of light was developed first, then the sense of colour. The tendency has been to regard colour-blindness as “chromic myopia;” but this is not correct unless there is a defective perception of light as well, as shown by the cases which I have recorded. A man may be able to see light of all colours at twice the normal distance, and yet be colour-blind. I specially wish to emphasise the fact that there is no definite relation between light and colour. When light falls upon the eye it sets up a nerve impulse, which is conveyed to the brain. In the impulse itself we have the physiological basis of light, and in the quality of the impulse the physiological basis of colour. My contention is that these two factors are perceived by two entirely different sets of cerebral cells, those devoted to the perception of colour being developed at a later period than those conveying to the mind the sensation of light. All the evidence which can be obtained shows that all objects were first seen as in a photograph, that is, in different degrees of black and white. In the evolution of the colour sense those waves which differ most physically, namely, red and violet, were first recognised as different, the remainder of the spectrum appearing grey. Homer's colour vision was of this class, which represents the degree just preceding total colour-blindness. I have recorded a case of this kind of a man who was colour-blind with one eye, and who was therefore able to tell me exactly how objects appeared with this eye. He said that the spectrum appeared nearly all grey, but with a tinge of red at one end and a tinge of violet at the other; he could see very much better with the colour-blind eye than with the other.

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