Stainless Steel Extrusions and Product Properties for High Pressure-High Temperature (HPHT) Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debajyoti Maitra ◽  
Phani P. Gudipati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Forward Extrusion ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature

Extrusion process produces semi-finished product that provides significant savings in machining and fabrication of the finished components. Plymouth Engineered Shapes (PES) employs forward extrusion techniques to produce products up to 40 feet long that are utilized in power generation, nuclear, and petrochemical applications where it is critical to meet or exceed ASME piping, boiler and pressure vessels code specifications. The extrusion process has been successfully employed to manufacture components such as various types of valve bodies, manifolds, adapters and more that are targeted for elevated temperature applications up to 1200°F and under high pressures up to 10,000 PSIG. Critical product characteristics include flatness, straightness, twist, angularity, surface quality and dimensions over the full length. This paper presents an overview of the carbon steel and stainless steel extrusion process, the room temperature and elevated temperature mechanical properties, metallographic characterization, testing requirements and the applications of such products. Properties are also be compared to those produced by the conventional hot rolling and forging operations.

scholarly journals The Extrusion and SPS of Zirconium–Copper Powders and Studies of Selected Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Tomasz Skrzekut ◽  
Grzegorz Boczkal ◽  
Adam Zwoliński ◽  
Piotr Noga ◽  
Lucyna Jaworska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Copper Powders ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Zirconium Copper

Zr-2.5Cu and Zr-10Cu powder mixtures were consolidated in the extrusion process and using the spark plasma sintering technique. In these studies, material tests were carried out in the fields of phase composition, microstructure, hardness and tensile strength for Zr-Cu materials at room temperature (RT) and 400 °C. Fractography analysis of materials at room temperature and 400 °C was carried out. The research took into account the anisotropy of the materials obtained in the extrusion process. For the nonequilibrium SPS process, ZrCu2 and Cu10Zr7 intermetallic compounds formed in the material at sintering temperature. Extruded materials were composed mainly of α-Zr and ZrCu2. The presence of intermetallic compounds affected the reduction in the strength properties of the tested materials. The highest strength value of 205 MPa was obtained for the extruded Zr-2.5Cu, for which the samples were cut in the direction of extrusion. For materials with 10 wt.% copper, more participation of the intermetallic phase was formed, which lowered the mechanical properties of the obtained materials. In addition to brittle intermetallic phases, the materials were characterized by residual porosity, which also reduced the strength properties.

scholarly journals Characterization and Comparison of Geopolymer Synthesized Using Metakaolin Bangka and Metastar as Precursors

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03022
Author(s):  
Sotya Astutiningsih ◽  
Dicky Tambun ◽  
Ahmad Zakiyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
Metallurgical Properties ◽  
Metakaolin Geopolymer ◽  
Kaolin Deposit

Various aluminosilicate material have been used as precursor for geopolymer. Geopolymer gets its strength from the polycondensation of silicate and alumina. Metakaolin, calcinated kaolin, is pozzolan with the highest alumina and silicate purity. Indonesia, especially Bangka Island, has a large amount of kaolin deposit that being sold at low price. This price could be increased ten times when being sold as metakaolin. This study aimed to compare mechanical and metallurgical properties of commercial metakaolin and Bangka kaolin which calcinated at 700°C. Both metakaolins reacted with NaOH and waterglass as the activator followed by curing at room temperature for 7, 14 and 28 days and elevated temperature of 60°C for 4, 12 and 24 hours. Mechanical properties will be examined by compressive strength and flexural strength test, while the metallurgical properties will be evaluated with SEM, and TAM. The results of the mechanical test will be used to determine which geopolymer will perform well with the microstructure and thermal activity to support the finding. These attempts will be done in order to improve the properties of Bangka metakaolin geopolymer superior to commercial metakaolin.

Development of Residual Stress Improvement for Nuclear Pressure Vessel Instrumentation Nozzle Weld Joint (P-43+P-8) by Means of Induction Heating

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Terajima ◽  
Takashi Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Weld Joints

As a counter measurement of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in boiling water reactors, the induction heating stress improvement (IHSI) has been developed as a method to improve the stress factor, especially residual stresses in affected areas of pipe joint welds. In this method, a pipe is heated from the outside by an induction coil and cooled from the inside with water simultaneously. By thermal stresses to produce a temperature differential between the inner and outer pipe surfaces, the residual stress inside the pipe is improved compression. IHSI had been applied to weld joints of austenitic stainless steel pipes (P-8+P-8). However IHSI had not been applied to weld joints of nickel-chromium-iron alloy (P-43) and austenitic stainless steel (P-8). This weld joint (P-43+P-8) is used for instrumentation nozzles in nuclear power plants’ reactor pressure vessels. Therefore for the purpose of applying IHSI to this one, we studied the following. i) Investigation of IHSI conditions (Essential Variables); ii) Residual stresses after IHSI; iii) Mechanical properties after IHSI. This paper explains that IHSI is sufficiently effective in improvement of the residual stresses for this weld joint (P-43+P-8), and that IHSI does not cause negative effects by results of mechanical properties, and IHSI is verified concerning applying it to this kind of weld joint.

scholarly journals Elevated-Temperature Mechanical Properties of an Advanced-Type 316 Stainless Steel1

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Creep Fatigue ◽  
Nippon Steel Corporation ◽  
Term Creep ◽  
Product Forms

Type 316FR stainless steel is a candidate material for the Japanese demonstration fast breeder reactor plant to be built in Japan early in the next century. Like type 316L(N), it is a low-carbon grade of stainless steel with a more closely specified nitrogen content and chemistry optimized to enhance elevated-temperature performance. Early in 1994, under sponsorship of The Japan Atomic Power Company, work was initiated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) aimed at obtaining an elevated-temperature mechanical-properties database on a single heat of this material. The product form was 50-mm plate manufactured by the Nippon Steel Corporation. Data include results from long-term creep-rupture tests conducted at temperatures of 500 to 600°C with test times up to nearly 40.000 h, continuous-cycle strain-controlled fatigue test results over the same temperature range, limited creep-fatigue data at 550 and 600°C, and tensile test properties from room temperature to 650°C. The ORNL data were compared with data obtained from several different heats and product forms of this material obtained at Japanese laboratories. The data were also compared with results from predictive equations developed for this material and with data available for types 316 and 316L(N) stainless steel.

Effects of Aged Conditions on the Fracture Surface Fractal Dimension and Mechanical Behavior of an Austenitic Stainless Steel

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
O. A. Hilders ◽  
A. Quintero ◽  
L. Berrio ◽  
R. Caballero ◽  
L. Sáenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fracture Topography ◽  
Type Stainless Steel ◽  
Strength And Ductility

There have been several attempts to find a relation between the fractal morphology of the fracture surfaces and the mechanical properties of engineering materials., although the current resuls are inconclusive. If there are correlations between the fractal dimension and such properties, this parameter could be very useful to predict them and to improve the resistance to fracture. The main part of the investigations concerned with the fractal geometry and fracture behavior concentrate on the relations between roughness and fracture toughness . In the present work, the effects of thermal aging at 850°C on the fracture topography developed during the rupture in tension at room temperature of a 304 type stainless steel and their relation with the strength and ductility, were studied using the fractal geometry approach.

Effects of Sb on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy ZA63

2011 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Gui Wang ◽  
Quan An Li ◽  
Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

The effects of antimony on the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy ZA63 have been investigated. The results show that the addition of 0.75wt.% antimony can cause the formation of Mg3Sb2 phase and enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy ZA63 at room temperature and elevated temperature.

Piezoelectric power generation of vertically aligned lead-free (K,Na)NbO3 nanorod arrays

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (56) ◽  
pp. 29799-29805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pil Gu Kang ◽  
Byung Kil Yun ◽  
Kil Dong Sung ◽  
Tae Kwon Lee ◽  
Minbaek Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
High Output Power ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
High Output

We demonstrate the potential of eco-friendly nanogenerators based on (K,Na)NbO3 nanorod arrays for high-output power generation at room temperature and elevated temperature.

Deformation of an extruded nickel beryllide between room temperature and 820 °C

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2653-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Pharr ◽  
S.V. Courington ◽  
J. Wadsworth ◽  
T.G. Nieh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Better Than

The mechanical properties of nickel beryllide, NiBe, have been investigated in the temperature range 20–820 °C. The room temperature properties were studied using tension, bending, and compression tests, while the elevated temperature properties were characterized in compression only. NiBe exhibits some ductility at room temperature; the strains to failure in tension and compression are 1.3% and 13%, respectively. Fracture is controlled primarily by the cohesive strength of grain boundaries. At high temperatures, NiBe is readily deformable—strains in excess of 30% can be achieved at temperatures as low as 400 °C. Strain hardening rates are high, and the flow stress decreases monotonically with temperature. The high temperature strength of NiBe is as good or better than that of NiAl, but not quite as good as CoAl.

Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extrued Spray Forming Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 671-674
Author(s):  
Rong Hua Zhang ◽  
Yong An Zhang ◽  
Bao Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Spray Forming ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloys were fabricated by spray forming and extrusion process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by means of metallographic, scanning electron microscope and tensile test. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the extrued alloys can reach 353MPa, the yield strength 300MPa, elongation 19.12%, at room temperature. At 250°C, the tensile strength of the extrued alloys can reach 221MPa, the yield strength 208MPa, elongation 13.33%.

Advances in Computation of Temperature-Pressure Phase Diagrams of High-Pressure Nitrides

2008 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kroll
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Energy Calculations ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Pressure Phase

A combination of first-principle and thermochemical calculations is applied to compute the phase diagrams of rhenium-nitrogen and of ruthenium-nitrogen at elevated temperature and high pressure. We augment total energy calculations with our approach to treat the nitrogen fugacity at high pressures. We predict a sequential nitridation of Re at high-pressure/high-temperature conditions. At 3000 K, ReN will form from Re and nitrogen at about 32 GPa. A ReN2 with CoSb2-type structure may be achieved at pressures exceeding 50 GPa at this temperature. Marcasite-type RuN2 will be attainable at 3000 K at pressures above 30 GPa by reacting Ru with nitrogen.

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