scholarly journals Optimal Design of Gas Turbines Flow Paths Considering Operational Modes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli Boiko ◽  
Yuri Govorushchenko ◽  
Aleksander Usaty ◽  
Oleksii Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Path Optimization ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Turbine Flow Path

A new technique for multi-parameter optimization of gas turbines flow paths considering a variable mode for their operation is presented. It allows the estimation of the influence of flow path optimization on performance parameters of gas-turbine units, such as power, efficiency, and fuel consumption. An algorithm for turbine flow path multi-criteria optimization that takes into account the gas-turbine unit operation mode is shown. Approaches to speed up the optimization process are described. Using this technique GT-750-6M low pressure turbine flow path optimization based on real working loads during one year is carried out and the results are analyzed. Due to optimization the unit efficiency was improved at all operating modes. The total fuel economy for considered period makes 50.831 t.

Performance Evaluation of Combined Cycles for Cruise Ship Applications

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibiba Emmanuel-Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Basic Engine ◽  
Generation Capacity

The flexibility of the Gas Turbine to be configured to meet the requirements of various applications is outstanding. The basic engine cycle can be modified in a number of ways to enhance performance in chosen applications. This paper presents a performance analysis procedure for the choice of optimum combined gas and steam turbine power plants for cruise ships. Performance of various arrangements of gas turbine based plants in terms of combined generation capacity of propulsion power, electricity and heat are analyzed and matched with the demands of the vessel at various operating modes to determine the most suitable plants for given cruise ship type. In particular, cycles with integrated electric propulsion systems were evaluated in various combinations of conventional prime movers for ship power plants namely; diesel engines, gas turbines and steam turbines. Key evaluation criteria are fuel economy, effectiveness of operation, investment and profitability and emissions control. Results of the analyses are summarized and presented for direct assessment of the relative merits of the plants.

Gas Turbine Integrated Conceptual Design Approach

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Carcasci ◽  
Stefano Piola ◽  
Roberto Canepa ◽  
Andrea Silingardi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase

In order to improve performance of heavy-duty gas turbines, in terms of power, efficiency and reliability, accurate calculation tools are required. During conceptual design phase, an effective integration of main GT components design into a single modular simulation tool can significantly reduce design iterations and improve the results. Thanks to an innovative modular-structured program for the simulation of air-cooled gas turbines, the one-dimensional design of compressor and turbine flow paths is used to create a complete gas turbine model including a detailed secondary air system and a simplified heat transfer model. This zero-dimensional heat transfer model is applied to each turbine row in order to calculate the cooling flow required to keep turbine blades and vanes metal temperatures below a prescribed threshold. After a description of the air cooled gas turbine modular model, the integrated design approach adopted by Ansaldo Energia is described. The knowledge of technical risks that the designers have to withstand developing advanced technologies during conceptual engine design is fundamental. The inter-disciplinary influence of some disciplines is analyzed and finally it is shown how Ansaldo Energia approach can track expected performance results and provide recovery plans during the conceptual design phase.

scholarly journals Turbine Disposition, Erosion and Corrosion Evaluations Using a Simplified Test Approach

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Wenglarz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Flow Passage ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Data Extrapolation ◽  
New Applications

New applications and fuels (such as coal) that increase the potential for flow path degradation due to deposition, erosion, and corrosion (DEC) are being considered for gas turbines. Cascade and turbine DEC tests representing the flow paths of the specific turbines of concern will eventually be necessary for final verification of fuels and DEC control approaches. However, these tests are expensive and are not readily interpretable for other conditions (e.g., fuels and flow passage variations) than those tested. Consequently, relatively inexpensive simplified tests that provide an understanding of the DEC degradation processes are needed to screen the numerous possible candidate fuels and DEC control approaches. The most promising alternatives determined from simplified tests could then be verified in more expensive cascade and turbine tests. This paper discusses simplified DEC tests and complementary data extrapolation approaches that provide and interpret data in a manner that enhances understanding of DEC processes and that can be used to estimate DEC in operating turbines. A new test facility that has been designed for relatively inexpensive turbine DEC evaluations using these approaches is described.

scholarly journals Design concept of high-power supercritical CO2 Allam cycle gas turbine flow path

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
A.N. Rogalev ◽  
◽  
E.Yu. Grigoryev ◽  
V.O. Kindra ◽  
S.K. Osipov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Power ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Turbine Flow Path

Power Output Increase due to Decreasing Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature by Mist Atomization

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Agata ◽  
Shinichi Akabayashi ◽  
Shinya Ishikawa ◽  
Yuji Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet

Decreases in inlet mass flow due to rises in ambient temperature during the summer lead to a decrease in the power output of gas turbines. In order to recover lost output, this study employed a mist atomization system using efficient spray nozzles, developed mainly as a technology for urban heat-island mitigation, installing the system in an inlet air flow path of a gas turbine at Higashi-Niigata thermal power station No.4 train, a commercial plant. The nozzles can efficiently decrease inlet air temperature of gas turbines because of their minute atomized mist size and highly-efficient evaporation properties. A flow path in the upstream of the inlet filter was used for mist evaporation by the system. This path is unique to the power plant, and is intended to prevent snow particles from direct entry. Model and field tests to confirm safe and effective operation of the system developed were performed in order to address possible concerns associated with the introduction of this system. As a basic consideration, wind tunnel experiments using nozzles were performed. Through the experiments, the most suitable nozzles were chosen, and effectiveness of the mist atomization was evaluated. The basic specifications of the system were determined from the evaluation results. At the same time, flow-field in the inlet air channel of the intended gas turbine was analyzed, and positioning of the atomization devices optimized. The mist atomization system that was developed was installed in a gas turbine at the power plant. To prevent excessive atomization from possibly causing erosion, a target value of 95% humidity at the compressor inlet was set, and a thermo-hygrometer was installed downstream of the inlet silencer to monitor humidity. As a result of the operation, no signs of erosion were detected in a major inspection conducted about one year following the introduction of the system. Another concern had to do with immediate changes in the state of the gas turbine due to mist atomization stoppages. To evaluate effects of the stoppages, field tests in the plant were performed, resulting in no significant changes in turbine inlet temperature and exhaust gas temperature. Combustion pressure oscillations was also not observed. From these results, it has been confirmed that the system can be operated safely. After activating the atomization system, inlet temperature decreased by up to about 7.5 degrees Celsius and power output increased by up to 13 MW in the gas turbine.

scholarly journals Using Heat Pumps to Improve the Efficiency of Combined-Cycle Gas Turbines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2685
Author(s):  
Vitaly Sergeev ◽  
Irina Anikina ◽  
Konstantin Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Winter Operation ◽  
Aided Design

This paper studies the integration of heat pump units (HPUs) to enhance the thermal efficiency of a combined heat and power plant (CHPP). Different solutions of integrate the HPUs in a combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant, the CCGT-450, are analyzed based on simulations developed on “United Cycle” computer-aided design (CAD) system. The HPUs are used to explore low-potential heat sources (LPHSs) and heat make-up and return network water. The use of HPUs to regulate the gas turbine (GT) intake air temperature during the summer operation and the possibility of using a HPU to heat the GT intake air and replace anti-icing system (AIS), over the winter at high humidity conditions were also analyzed. The best solution was obtained for the winter operation mode replacing the AIS by a HPU. The simulation results indicated that this scheme can reduce the underproduction of electricity generation by the CCGT unit up to 14.87% and enhance the overall efficiency from 40.00% to 44.82%. Using a HPU with a 5.04 MW capacity can save $309,640 per each MW per quarter.

Gas Turbine Fouling: A Comparison Among 100 Heavy-Duty Frames

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Aldi ◽  
Nicola Casari ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Heavy Duty

Over recent decades, the variability and high costs of the traditional gas turbine fuels (e.g., natural gas) have pushed operators to consider low-grade fuels for running heavy-duty frames. Synfuels, obtained from coal, petroleum, or biomass gasification, could represent valid alternatives in this sense. Although these alternatives match the reduction of costs and, in the case of biomass sources, would potentially provide a CO2 emission benefit (reduction of the CO2 capture and sequestration costs), these low-grade fuels have a higher content of contaminants. Synfuels are filtered before the combustor stage, but the contaminants are not removed completely. This fact leads to a considerable amount of deposition on the nozzle vanes due to the high temperature value. In addition to this, the continuous demand for increasing gas turbine efficiency determines a higher combustor outlet temperature. Current advanced gas turbine engines operate at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of (1400–1500) °C, which is high enough to melt a high proportion of the contaminants introduced by low-grade fuels. Particle deposition can increase surface roughness, modify the airfoil shape, and clog the coolant passages. At the same time, land-based power units experience compressor fouling, due to the air contaminants able to pass through the filtration barriers. Hot sections and compressor fouling work together to determine performance degradation. This paper proposes an analysis of the contaminant deposition on hot gas turbine sections based on machine nameplate data. Hot section and compressor fouling are estimated using a fouling susceptibility criterion. The combination of gas turbine net power, efficiency, and TIT with different types of synfuel contaminants highlights how each gas turbine is subjected to particle deposition. The simulation of particle deposition on 100 gas turbines ranging from 1.2 MW to 420 MW was conducted following the fouling susceptibility criterion. Using a simplified particle deposition calculation based on TIT and contaminant viscosity estimation, the analysis shows how the correlation between type of contaminant and gas turbine performance plays a key role. The results allow the choice of the best heavy-duty frame as a function of the fuel. Low-efficiency frames (characterized by lower values of TIT) show the best compromise in order to reduce the effects of particle deposition in the presence of high-temperature melting contaminants. A high-efficiency frame is suitable when the contaminants are characterized by a low-melting point thanks to their lower fuel consumption.

scholarly journals CO2-Argon-Steam Oxy-Fuel Production for (CARSOXY) Gas Turbines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3580
Author(s):  
Odi Fawwaz Alrebei ◽  
Ali Al-Doboon ◽  
Philip Bowen ◽  
Agustin Valera Medina
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Separation Unit

Due to growing concerns about carbon emissions, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) techniques have become an interesting alternative to overcome this problem. CO2-Argon-Steam-Oxy (CARSOXY)-fuel gas turbines are an innovative example that integrates CCS with gas turbine powergen improvement. Replacing air-fuel combustion by CARSOXY combustion has been theoretically proven to increase gas turbine efficiency. Therefore, this paper provides a novel approach to continuously supply a gas turbine with a CARSOXY blend within required molar fractions. The approach involves H2 and N2 production, therefore having the potential of also producing ammonia. Thus, the concept allows CARSOXY cycles to be used to support production of ammonia whilst increasing power efficiency. An ASPEN PLUS model has been developed to demonstrate the approach. The model involves the integrations of an air separation unit (ASU), a steam methane reformer (SMR), water gas shift (WGS) reactors, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) units and heat exchanged gas turbines (HXGT) with a CCS unit. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on the ASU-SMR-WGS-PSA-CCS-HXGT model. The results provide a baseline to calibrate the model in order to produce the required CARSOXY molar fraction. A MATLAB code has also been developed to study CO2 compression effects on the CARSOXY gas turbine compressor. Thus, this paper provides a detailed flowsheet of the WGS-PSA-CCS-HXGT model. The paper provides the conditions in which the sensitivity analyses have been conducted to determine the best operable regime for CARSOXY production with other high valuable gases (i.e., hydrogen). Under these specifications, the sensitivity analyses on the (SMR) sub-model spots the H2O mass flow rates, which provides the maximum hydrogen level, the threshold which produces significant CO2 levels. Moreover, splitting the main CH4 supply to sub-supply a SMR reactor and a furnace reactor correlates to best practices for CARSOXY. The sensitivity analysis has also been performed on the (ASU) sub-model to characterise its response with respect to the variation of air flow rate, distillation/boiling rates, product/feed stage locations and the number of stages of the distillation columns. The sensitivity analyses have featured the response of the ASU-SMR-WGS-PSA-CCS-HXGT model. In return, the model has been qualified to be calibrated to produce CARSOXY within two operability modes, with hydrogen and nitrogen or with ammonia as by-products.

Modular Lumped-Parameters Dynamic Model for Gas Turbines: Validation and Application to a Small Scale Externally Fired Gas Turbine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Gnutek ◽  
Piero Colonna
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Lumped Parameters

This paper presents a lumped-parameters modular dynamic model based on physical equations applicable to gas turbine systems. Dynamic simulations performed with the described model are suitable for process and control design purposes. The model is developed using the SimECS (Simulation Toolbox for Energy Conversion Systems) software library currently under development at the Delft University of Technology. The model is validated using reported dynamic trends of operating variables for a commercial aero propulsive turbine. The model of a small scale externally fired gas turbine for biomass conversion is also presented. The effort is part of an envisaged project to realize a prototype in the Netherlands. In the developing market of distributed power generation, the externally fired gas turbine is a promising technology for utilizing biomass in the small to medium power range and especially in cogeneration. One of the crucial issues to be addressed for such systems is its non-steady operation. This can be due both to the changing composition of the fuel source and to the load following operation mode which seems to be the most likely, especially for the foreseen application in developing countries. Thermal and fluid dynamic response times of the EFGT are widely different and computer simulations can provide a valuable tool to study control and design issues.

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