Steam Turbine Design Considerations for Ultrasupercritical Cycles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
The Impact

The current coal-fired power generation market requires higher cycle efficiencies not only for economic reasons, but also as a means of reducing plant carbon footprint. To achieve these goals, the plant must operate at higher pressures and temperatures in the supercritical (SC) and ultrasupercritical (USC) domains. This paper describes Bechtel’s experience and challenges in regard to the conceptual design and integration of large steam turbines operating under these severe conditions. Several examples of projects are described wherein Bechtel applied this neutral but proactive technical approach in the development or design phase to achieve the best and most cost-effective solution for its customers. The topics presented also relate to steam cycle optimization in terms of plant output, steam conditions, number of reheat circuits, and type and number of heaters. The impact on balance of plant systems, including water treatment, availability, and redundancy criteria, is also addressed.

The Single-Shaft Combined Cycle Myth

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram G. Narula
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Market ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Reference Plants ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The U.S

Natural-gas-fired combined cycle plants have become the preferred technology for new power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and superior environmental characteristics. An outcome of the recent resurgence in the U.S. power market is that the average size of the new power plant has increased, leading to the use of two or three advanced gas turbines (GTs) per plant. In lieu of the traditional multishaft arrangement, some GT suppliers are advocating the use of multiple trains of their single-shaft reference plants. This paper covers salient differences between the two approaches and discusses at length the major variables and their impact on balance-of-plant cost that must be carefully examined for a cost-effective solution.

scholarly journals Roadworks Warning—Closure of a Lane, the Impact of C-ITS Messages

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serio Angelo Maria Agriesti ◽  
Luca Studer ◽  
Giovanna Marchionni ◽  
Paolo Gandini ◽  
Xiaobo Qu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Delay Reduction ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Dedicated Short Range Communications ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

By now, it is widely acknowledged among stakeholders and academia that infrastructures will have to be composed both by a physical component and a digital one. The deployment of technologies exploiting dedicated short-range communications is viewed as the most cost-effective solution to face the foreseen growth of mobility. Still, little has been done to define the best implementation logic of DSRC. Aim of this paper is to frame the possible impacts arising by the implementation of a cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS)-use case: roadworks warning—closure of a lane, and, in order to achieve this result, microsimulations are exploited. The results are intended to support both road operators and car-makers in defining the best operational logics and the possible benefits achievable by presenting the cooperative message at a certain distance for certain market penetrations. Moreover, if the C-ITS message actually entails benefits or simply disrupts the upstream traffic should be assessed in advance, before implementing the system. The obtained results show that the risk of disruption and of reduction in traffic efficiency arises at lower market penetration levels. Nevertheless, a consistent trend in delay reduction is recorded upstream the roadworks, the highest reduction being equal to 8.66%. Moreover, the average speed at the roadworks entrance on the closing lane increases by a difference equal to around 10 km/h, while the average time in the queue at the highest market penetration reduces by 60 s on the open lane and 25 s on the closing one. These presented results reflect the way the traffic shifts from the slow to the fast lane thanks to the C-ITS system and effectively frames both the potentialities and the risks of the system.

scholarly journals Profitable Decarbonization through E-Mobility

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4042
Author(s):  
Gürkan Kumbaroğlu ◽  
Cansu Canaz ◽  
Jonathan Deason ◽  
Ekundayo Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the interdependent relationship of power generation, transportation and CO2 emissions to evaluate the impact of electric vehicle deployment on power generation and CO2 emissions. The value of this evaluation is in the employment of a large-scale, bottom-up, national energy modeling system that encompasses the complex relationships of producing, transforming, transmitting and supplying energy to meet the useful demand characteristics with great technological detail. One of such models employed in this analysis is the BUEMS model. The BUEMS model provides evidence of win-win policy options that lead to profitable decarbonization using Turkey’s data in BUEMS. Specifically, the result shows that a ban on diesel fueled vehicles reduces lifetime emissions as well as lifetime costs. Furthermore, model results highlight the cost-effective emission reduction potential of e-buses in urban transportation. More insights from the results indicate that the marginal cost of emission reduction through e-bus transportation is much lower than that through other policy measures such as carbon taxation in transport. This paper highlights the crucial role the electricity sector plays in the sustainability of e-mobility and the value of related policy prescriptions.

Recent Development of Steam Turbines With High Steam Temperatures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Nomoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Kuroki ◽  
Masafumi Fukuda ◽  
Shinya Fujitsuka
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Cooling Design ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
The Impact

Higher thermal efficiency of the power plant has been always essential and indispensable in order to decrease the impact on the environments. In this regard, enhancement of the steam conditions is the most fundamental and effective measure to achieve the goal of higher thermal efficiency. Recent steam conditions in Japan range from 593 to 610 degree C owing to the technological development. There are many aspects and areas of technology for the realization of such steam conditions, for instance, material development, cooling design, steam path development, casing design, and so on. Not only the research and development but also the accumulation of operational results is of importance to achieve a breakthrough in turbine design. Since the reliability is another dominant factor for steam turbines, reflection of manufacturing experience and operational results should be taken into consideration. In this paper, recent development of steam turbines with high temperatures will be presented focusing on their design features, material selections, operational results, etc. Furthermore, this paper deals with continuous efforts targeting even higher steam conditions, which are promising for future development of steam turbine technology.

Microgrids: A New Approach to Supply-Side Design for Data Centers

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratnesh Sharma ◽  
Cullen Bash ◽  
Manish Marwah ◽  
Chandrakant Patel ◽  
Tom Christian
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
The Impact

Growth in IT infrastructure driven by socio-economic demand for services has led to the creation of large data centers. There is a need for cost-effective and sustainable design and management of such data centers. From this perspective, evolutionary changes in the regulatory and operational climate of traditional electrical and energy utilities has created new opportunities for development of data centers with low TCO and environmental footprint. These opportunities primarily exist on developing unique supply-side architectures for delivery of power, water and other resources to service data centers. Concurrent emergence of smaller heat and power generating systems also provides novel options to create solutions that improve the reliability and scalability of supply-side infrastructures in data centers. In this paper we investigate the impact of combined heat and power generation in operation of data centers in reducing TCO and environmental footprint and improving operational reliability. Usage of natural resources like water, fuel is minimized to create a low footprint IT infrastructure. Through use of mix of on-site power generation technologies alongside energy and water storage we create a power, cooling and water microgrid for the data center. Such microgrids are a promising way to capture the significant potential of smaller distributed energy resources to meet growing demands for low footprint IT infrastructures.

Private equity investment in power generation projects: evidence from India

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thillairajan ◽  
Monalisa Behera
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Private equity (PE) has emerged as an important source of capital for infrastructure in recent years. There have been more than 2,000 deals by PE infrastructure funds till 2012, with annual investments in the range of $100-120bn. Substantial proportion of these investments has been in the energy and the power sector. This paper aims to compare power generation projects with and without PE investment. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 148 power generation projects that were implemented in India during 2004-2011 were used for the analysis. Ordinary least squares and three-stage least squares regression have been used to analyze the impact of PE investment on unit project costs and project commissioning time. Findings Projects with PE investment had lower unit capacity costs as compared to power projects that did not have PE investment. This indicated the ability of PE investors to select, invest and develop those projects that are cost-effective. However, projects with PE investment had longer commissioning time. This can be attributed to the active monitoring and governance practices that were associated with PE investment. Practical implications The results highlight the key role that PE investors can play in power sector development in developing countries. Apart from providing capital to capital-starved economies, PE investors can help in developing cost-effective projects and contribute to sector development by institutionalizing robust processes and governance practices. Originality/value This is one of the earliest studies to analyze the impact of PE investment on the power sector.

scholarly journals Juvenile Justice Realignment: A policy analysis of California Senate Bill 823

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stewart Patri
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Offender ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Senate Bill ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
County Agencies

New legislation (Senate Bill 823) in the State of California, to realign the serious felony juvenile offender population from state facilities to county facilities, will go into effect July 1, 2021 (SB823, 2020). County probation departments will now be faced with determining how to provide adequate programming to a new population type of serious offender that includes adults in the age range of 18 to 25 years old. This places pressure on smaller county agencies to either find a cost-effective solution to modify their current facilities and programs or send this population to other county agencies. This research project analyzes the impact of SB823 on a sample of smaller counties.

scholarly journals More Than a Mission – Modelling the Impact of a Support Solution on Submarine Availability, Cost, and Safety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Crawford ◽  
R J C MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Material State ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

With the demand for increased availability and a higher level of safety, the defence industry is faced with reducing operational and maintenance budgets. Additional focus on acquisition programmes is being placed on through-life requirements, with demonstration and assurances sought early in the life cycle that these requirements can be achieved. Generic approaches to availability, cost and safety modelling are being re-examined, with a push to provide a universal view across both the submarine life-cycle and the support enterprise. The role of a support solution is to ensure continuous understanding of the platform material state, thereby maintaining operational readiness, and to do so in a safe and cost effective manner. Despite the fact that the mission only represents a portion of the life of a platform, traditional availability studies have tended to focus on the performance in this state, thus neglecting the impact that standby and maintenance periods may have. This paper looks beyond the inherent design characteristics of a platform and towards the other enterprise factors that may affect availability, with a view to modelling and quantifying the impact these influences may have on overall platform availability. A collaborative approach is described, with data being drawn from a number of organisations at various maturity levels and integrated into a cohesive, class level model. Targets are derived and reports produced that enable interrogation of driving factors down to a low level of granularity across multiple areas, including material failure modes, training provision, facilities, infrastructure and technical publications. Modelling and simulation has been used in order to forecast the ability of a product to meet availability, safety and cost requirements when operated in a defined usage and upkeep cycle. These predictions, performed as early in the design phase as possible, enable the macro effects of small design changes to be assessed and feedback given into design teams. As the design phase progresses, outputs are used to optimise decisions made in the support solution design against constraints in the platform design – with the ultimate aim of maximizing capability whilst working within greater financial constraints. The development of this process and model is intended to provide increased confidence that an available, safe and affordable platform will be delivered.

Strategies for Integration of Advanced Gas and Steam Turbines in Power Generation Applications

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J. Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Removal Technologies

Combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) using fossil fuel generate the cleanest and most efficient form of electrical power. CCPP technologies have evolved significantly in providing better, more cost-effective products: gas turbines (GTs), steam turbines (STs), heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs), heat sinks, pollutant removal technologies, balance of plant (BOP), water treatment and fuel treatment equipment, etc. A major reason for these improvements was the introduction of the G and H technologies for gas turbines, in which an inseparable thermodynamic and physical link was created between the primary and secondary power generation systems by using steam instead of air, in a closed loop to perform most (or all) turbine cooling activities.

Nitrogen removal upgrade of a wastewater treatment plant within existing reactor volumes: A simulation supported scenario analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Coen ◽  
B. Vanderhaegen ◽  
I. Boonen ◽  
P. A. Vanrolleghem ◽  
L. Van Eyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Measuring Campaign ◽  
Anoxic Zones ◽  
The Impact

A simulation supported scenario analysis for the upgrading of a municipal WWTP Hoogstraten (Belgium) with nitrogen removal is presented. The most cost-effective solution is to create optimal aerobic and anoxic conditions within the existing reactor volumes. The IAWQ-model No. 1 was used for the simulation of the biological reactor. A measuring campaign and some specific respirometric tests provided the necessary information for calibration and verification of the biological model. The study consisted of two parts: 1) increase of the denitrification capacity, and 2) optimisation of operation. First, the impact of three measures, i.e. creation of anoxic zones, implementation of step feeding and introduction of internal recirculation, was evaluated by means of simulation. For this purpose a standard time variant influent was defined based on the measuring campaign. This approach made it easy to compare the different scenarios. In the second part of the study some specific problems were handled. To avoid high nitrate concentrations during weekends three possible control actions were simulated. The simulation study also evaluated the usefulness of the primary clarifier in the upgraded design and the effect on the biological process of first flush during intensive rainfall.

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