scholarly journals More Than a Mission – Modelling the Impact of a Support Solution on Submarine Availability, Cost, and Safety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Crawford ◽  
R J C MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Material State ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

With the demand for increased availability and a higher level of safety, the defence industry is faced with reducing operational and maintenance budgets. Additional focus on acquisition programmes is being placed on through-life requirements, with demonstration and assurances sought early in the life cycle that these requirements can be achieved. Generic approaches to availability, cost and safety modelling are being re-examined, with a push to provide a universal view across both the submarine life-cycle and the support enterprise. The role of a support solution is to ensure continuous understanding of the platform material state, thereby maintaining operational readiness, and to do so in a safe and cost effective manner. Despite the fact that the mission only represents a portion of the life of a platform, traditional availability studies have tended to focus on the performance in this state, thus neglecting the impact that standby and maintenance periods may have. This paper looks beyond the inherent design characteristics of a platform and towards the other enterprise factors that may affect availability, with a view to modelling and quantifying the impact these influences may have on overall platform availability. A collaborative approach is described, with data being drawn from a number of organisations at various maturity levels and integrated into a cohesive, class level model. Targets are derived and reports produced that enable interrogation of driving factors down to a low level of granularity across multiple areas, including material failure modes, training provision, facilities, infrastructure and technical publications. Modelling and simulation has been used in order to forecast the ability of a product to meet availability, safety and cost requirements when operated in a defined usage and upkeep cycle. These predictions, performed as early in the design phase as possible, enable the macro effects of small design changes to be assessed and feedback given into design teams. As the design phase progresses, outputs are used to optimise decisions made in the support solution design against constraints in the platform design – with the ultimate aim of maximizing capability whilst working within greater financial constraints. The development of this process and model is intended to provide increased confidence that an available, safe and affordable platform will be delivered.

Steam Turbine Design Considerations for Ultrasupercritical Cycles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
The Impact

The current coal-fired power generation market requires higher cycle efficiencies not only for economic reasons, but also as a means of reducing plant carbon footprint. To achieve these goals, the plant must operate at higher pressures and temperatures in the supercritical (SC) and ultrasupercritical (USC) domains. This paper describes Bechtel’s experience and challenges in regard to the conceptual design and integration of large steam turbines operating under these severe conditions. Several examples of projects are described wherein Bechtel applied this neutral but proactive technical approach in the development or design phase to achieve the best and most cost-effective solution for its customers. The topics presented also relate to steam cycle optimization in terms of plant output, steam conditions, number of reheat circuits, and type and number of heaters. The impact on balance of plant systems, including water treatment, availability, and redundancy criteria, is also addressed.

THE CREATION OF NOVEL AND MARKETABLE SERVICE IDEAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 113-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Parallel Teams ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

Novel and marketable service ideas are useful to most service enterprises. However, the literature has identified several reasons for innovations in services as lagging behind those in manufacturing. Some service enterprises believe that service ideas and innovations are readily imitated by competitors. Others view the impact of service innovations on profitability difficult to assess because specific innovative service elements are typically bundled with many other service elements when delivered to or used by customers. Some service enterprises do not have in-house groups specifically dedicated to innovative pursuits, making it difficult for them to systematically produce new service ideas. Furthermore, because services are usually produced and consumed concurrently, any failure tends to expose the service enterprise immediately, unlike the manufacturing companies which can minimize such risks of exposure by conducting pilot testing away from the marketplace. As a result, many service enterprises are said to shy away from aggressively pursuing new service development projects. It does not have to be this way. This paper describes the combinatorial, heuristic, and normatively guided method, which when correctly applied to a service enterprise enhances the generation of new service ideas in a systematic, speedy, and cost-effective manner, and without requiring the creation of a dedicated and rigid organizational structure. Virtual teams of the "stealth" type are set up to address innovation needs related to marketability and cost competitiveness. These teams may include frontline customer-facing employees as well as customers, suppliers, and other external experts, who can work together despite geographical and time-zone constraints. The application of this method toward developing a specific new service idea is discussed in greater detail. The integration of a "stealth" team can also be readily applied to the front end of a typical stage-gate service development process, whereby parallel teams are engaged to address critical issues and steps needed to successfully market a service idea before initiating costly development, thereby raising the service enterprises' overall probability of developing commercially successful new services over time.

scholarly journals A Simple Method to Map Groundwater Depth and Water Quality for Leogane, Haiti and Elsewhere

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Michael Edward Kalinski ◽  
Nicholas Duda ◽  
Herby Lissade ◽  
Harry Donaghy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Deep Aquifers ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Impact

In the aftermath of the January 2010 Haiti Earthquake, the streets of downtown Leogane were paved to mitigate waterborne disease using humanitarian relief funds. After paving, many of the shallow water wells in Leogane dried up. It was believed that the new pavement disrupted groundwater recharge and negatively impacted the wells. Therefore, a project was performed to assess groundwater conditions in a cost-effective manner using a rapid, inexpensive, non-intrusive geophysical approach. The scope of the project included 1) surveying the new pavement system, 2) surveying water wells in Leogane, 3) testing the well water for coliforms, 4) performing geophysical DC resistivity testing to map groundwater depth and 5) developing a groundwater map to assess the impact of the pavement on the water table. As a result of this project, it could not be concluded that the new pavement was a factor in the groundwater fluctuations observed in the water wells in Leogane. It is more likely that some of the drop in the water table was due to the earthquake itself and some of it was caused by seasonal fluctuations in the water table. It was also observed that all the water wells that extract water from shallow (less than 6 m deep) aquifers in Leogane contain coliforms due to their proximity to household latrines, although a second deeper aquifer was identified and found to be coliform-free. With respect to broader impact, this methodology represents a relatively simple approach to mapping groundwater and assessing water quality that can be easily applied to other communities in the developing world to guide their efforts to develop and manage groundwater.

Forecasting “Wooden Round” Reliability During Preliminary Design

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Weaks
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The USAF’s R&M 2000 policy emphasizes the integration of reliability and maintainability considerations into a system’s preliminary design phase. This emphasis leads to unique requirements for turbine engines, including those of “wooden rounds” such as a HARPOON type missiles. In particular, it requires the development of tools for assessing the impact of design iterations on the reliability of “wooden round” weapon systems. Such tools must account for design iterations impact on storage, captive carry and launch reliability. A Markov approach is described in this paper, which provides an ability to track the reliability of a fleet of missiles/engines on a period by period basis, allowing one to assess when scheduled maintenance is appropriate and what components require such maintenance. Thus, inputs for Life Cycle Costing are generated, as well as the ability to determine tradeoffs between R&M and performance.

Design for Serviceability Expert System

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bryan ◽  
Charles Eubanks ◽  
Kosuke Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Computer Tool ◽  
Compatibility Analysis ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Life Cycle Design ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Service Mode ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper describes a methodology and tool which assist deployment of serviceability in the early stages of life-cycle design. Unlike design for assembly, producability, etc., design for serviceability (DFS) commonly occurs in the later stages of the design process. By this time, any design changes required to enhance serviceability are either costly or infeasible. We have developed a graphics-based computer tool to be used early in the design phase that employs the concept of service mode analysis (SMA), coupled with a service-based design description, to assess the impact of component relationships on life-cycle service costs. We also employ design compatibility analysis (DCA) to assess qualitative aspects of the design for serviceability concerns and provide the user with comments and suggestions for design improvements. Significant reductions in life-cycle costs and significant improvements in customer satisfaction can be achieved by including DFS in the design trade-off analysis process.

Results of a pilot study to examine the effective integration of apprentices into the industrial construction sector

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminah Robinson Fayek ◽  
Ahmed Shaheen ◽  
Ayo Oduba
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Industrial Construction ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Impact

The industrial construction sector in Alberta has recently undergone a period of rapid growth, resulting in a shortage of skilled workers in almost all of the major industrial sector trades. To meet these shortages, a need has arisen to increase the utilization of apprentices on industrial construction projects. In an effort to address this issue, the Construction Owners Association of Alberta has established a goal of developing an industry Best Practice on how to improve the on-the-job portion of apprenticeship training and identify means by which the industry can more effectively use apprentices. The challenge is to increase their usage in a cost-effective manner that also provides apprentices with adequate training opportunities. Before this can be done, the impacts and benefits to the various parties involved in industrial construction must be quantified and assessed. This paper describes the findings of a pilot study that was conducted on a major industrial project to help in quantifying the impact of the use of apprentices in the industrial construction sector and to identify methods of effectively increasing their use while simultaneously enhancing their on-the-job learning experience. The main conclusion of this paper is that apprentices can be effectively incorporated in industrial construction, and they can be both productive and cost-effective, provided they are given adequate instruction and supervision. The lessons learned from the study are discussed to provide insight into conducting future studies. Recommendations for an industry Best Practice on the effective utilization of apprentices are presented.Key words: apprentice, electrician, industrial construction, journeyman, labour force, pipefitter, productivity, training, work sampling.

Why Carbon Pricing Has Often Failed

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-82
Author(s):  
Barry G. Rabe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Effective Manner

This chapter examines nearly two decades of experience (1997-2015) in federal and sub-federal governments in the United States and Canada but also European and Asian nations in attempting to adopt carbon pricing. It explores various stages of the policy life-cycle and concludes that there are many points that challenge the adoption and durability of these policies. Even in cases where a policy is approved, its launch process, survival through a subsequent election and change of leadership, and management over the longer term can pose great challenges, frequently resulting in an erosion of support and reversal of policy. Enduring those stages of the life cycle is no guarantee that a surviving policy actually succeeds in reducing emissions in a cost-effective manner.

Automatic Pattern Proposition in Transformation Life Cycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mahsa Sadat Panahandeh ◽  
Bahman Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Memory Usage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Impact

Transformation patterns optimize transformations and improve their internal structure. This paper presents an automatic method for pattern proposition in transformation life cycles. Our approach combines the transformation engineering by the idea of transformation patterns and proposes appropriate patterns in the design and implementation phases of transformation life cycle. We evaluate the impact of proposed patterns on generated transformations based on several metrics, automatically. The proposed patterns in the design phase are based on the structure of transformation, and implementation patterns are proposed according to the result of the evaluation. Our method is presented as a semi-automatic process for using the transformation patterns in transformation life cycles. The results of applying suggested patterns include decreasing the complexity, memory usage, execution time, as well as increasing the quality, efficiency, and modularity.

Life-Cycle Cost-Effective Optimum Design of Ice-Resistant Offshore Platforms

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Dayong Zhang ◽  
Qianjin Yue
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Dynamic Reliability

In China, the oil and natural gas resources in Bohai Bay are mainly marginal oil fields, which freeze in the winter. It is necessary to build both ice-resistant and economical offshore platforms. However, risk is involved in the design, construction, utilization, and maintenance of offshore platforms as uncertain events may occur within the life-cycle of a platform. In this paper, the optimum design model of the expected life-cycle cost for ice-resistant platforms based on the cost-effectiveness criterion is proposed. Multiple performance demands of the structure, facilities and crew members, associated with the failure assessment criteria and evaluation functions of costs of construction, consequences of structural failure modes including damage, revenue loss, death, and injury, as well as discounting cost over time are considered. Different reliability analysis approaches involved in life-cycle cost evaluation, such as the global reliability under the extreme ice load, the dynamic reliability, and fatigue life induced by ice vibration, are studied. The proposed life-cycle optimum design formulas are applied to a typical ice-resistant platform in Bohai Bay, and the results demonstrate that the life-cycle cost-effective optimum design model is more rational compared with the conventional static design and the optimum dynamic design.

3D Thermoacoustic Properties of Single Can and Multi Can Combustor Configurations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kaufmann ◽  
Werner Krebs ◽  
Richard Valdes ◽  
Utz Wever
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermoacoustic Properties

Evaluation of thermoacoustic properties of gas turbine combustion systems during the design phase is crucial to meet time to market requirements for advanced new gas turbines. During the design phase the impact of design changes on engine performance need to be assessed although testing at full scale engine configuration is not possible. In this context a 3D thermoacoustic stability code has been developed providing thermoacoustic stability of combustion systems in rig and engine environments. The code has been applied to can combustion systems utilized by SIEMENS in the latest brand the SGT5-8000H which was successfully first fired in December 2007. While the flame stabilization within can combustors can be realized in single rig systems identical to engine configurations the acoustic environment of test rig and engine will differ due to the can-to-can interaction in multi-can systems. The features of the SIEMENS code are outlined and the successful application to single can and multi can configurations is demonstrated by comparison to experimental data. This provides SIEMENS with the prediction of thermoacoustic stability of respective engine configurations.

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