Thermoacoustic Stability Analysis of a Kerosene-Fueled Lean Direct Injection Combustor Employing Acoustically and Optically Measured Transfer Matrices

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard C. Bobusch ◽  
Jonas P. Moeck ◽  
Christian Oliver Paschereit ◽  
Sermed Sadig
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transfer Matrices ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Lean Direct Injection ◽  
Calibration Measurement ◽  
The Stability

The assessment of the stability characteristics of kerosene-fueled, lean direct injection flames is an important issue for the design of low-emission aircraft engine combustion systems. To achieve this task, acoustic network models are widely used. In the present work, this technique is applied to determine the stability behavior of a liquid-fueled, lean direct injection combustor. The required transfer matrices have been measured in an atmospheric combustion test rig. The burner transfer matrix as well as the upstream and downstream reflection coefficients are obtained by using the multi-microphone method. Since the measurement of flame transfer functions for liquid-fueled flames is a complex task, two techniques are applied and compared. First, the flame response to loudspeaker forcing is measured with the multi-microphone technique. Second, a technique based on the simultaneous acquisition of different chemiluminescence signals is applied. The chemiluminescence response at four different wavelengths (310 nm, 407 nm, 431 nm, and 515 nm), corresponding to the species OH*, CH*, CO2* and C2*, respectively, are measured using photomultiplier tubes. With a calibration measurement at different operating conditions, it is possible to calculate the instantaneous heat release rate. Flame transfer functions and matrices are measured in the test rig with the two techniques. Additionally, all acoustically measured transfer matrices and optically measured transfer functions are used to predict possible unstable modes in the test rig. The experimental results and the stability analysis employing the measured flame transfer functions are in good agreement and demonstrate validity of the method.

A Study of the Lateral Stability of Railroad Vehicles Using a Nonlinear Constrained Multibody Formulation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Valtorta ◽  
Khaled E. Zaazaa ◽  
Ahmed A. Shabana ◽  
Jalil R. Sany
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Linear Stability ◽  
Linear Theory ◽  
Linear Stability Analysis ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Railroad Vehicles ◽  
Contact Formulation ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The lateral stability of railroad vehicles travelling on tangent tracks is one of the important problems that has been the subject of extensive research since the nineteenth century. Early detailed studies of this problem in the twentieth century are the work of Carter and Rocard on the stability of locomotives. The linear theory for the lateral stability analysis has been extensively used in the past and can give good results under certain operating conditions. In this paper, the results obtained using a linear stability analysis are compared with the results obtained using a general nonlinear multibody methodology. In the linear stability analysis, the sources of the instability are investigated using Liapunov’s linear theory and the eigenvalue analysis for a simple wheelset model on a tangent track. The effects of the stiffness of the primary and secondary suspensions on the stability results are investigated. The results obtained for the simple model using the linear approach are compared with the results obtained using a new nonlinear multibody based constrained wheel/rail contact formulation. This comparative numerical study can be used to validate the use of the constrained wheel/rail contact formulation in the study of lateral stability. Similar studies can be used in the future to define the limitations of the linear theory under general operating conditions.

Assessment of CFD Approaches for Next-Generation Combustor Design

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumud Ajmani ◽  
Hukam C. Mongia ◽  
Phil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Lean Direct Injection ◽  
Liquid Spray ◽  
Exit Temperature ◽  
Computational Predictions

An effort was undertaken to perform CFD analysis of fluid flow in Lean-Direct Injection (LDI) combustors with axial swirl-venturi elements for next-generation LDI-2 design. The National Combustion Code (NCC) developed at NASA Glenn Research Center was used to perform reacting flow computations on an LDI-2 combustor configuration with thirteen injector elements arranged in four fuel stages. Reacting computations were performed with a consistent approach for mesh-optimization, liquid spray modeling and kinetics modeling. Computational predictions of Emissions Index (EINOx) and combustor exit temperature were compared with two sets of experimental data at medium and high-power operating conditions, for two different pressure-drop conditions in the combustor. The NCC simulations predicted the combustor exit temperature to within 1–2% of experimental data. The accuracy of the EINOx predictions from the NCC simulations was within 10% to 30% of experimental data.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Clearance Influences on Cage Motion and Wear in Ball Bearings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11848
Author(s):  
Baogang Wen ◽  
Meiling Wang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Jingyu Zhai ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ring Frequency

Clearances of cages in ball bearings, including pocket and guiding clearances, play a vital role in the stability and reliability of bearings. In this paper, experiments on the cage motion and wear were carried out to investigate the influence of clearances in ball bearings. Firstly, the cages with a series of pocket and guiding clearances were specially designed and tested for prescribed operating conditions on a bearing test rig in which the cage motions were measured, and corresponding wear was also observed. Then, the normalized trajectory, waveform, and spectra of cage motion were constructed and compared to illustrate the effects of clearances on the cage motion and then to establish the relationship between cage motion and wear. Results reveal that the cage motion and wear are both significantly affected by its clearances. The increment of cage guiding clearance makes the whirl trajectories of the cage regular and the motion frequency of cage motion significantly change. However, the increment of cage pocket clearance make the whirl trajectories change from well-defined patterns to complicated ones, and the frequency of cage motion apparently changes. Additionally, the bearing wear is closely related to the cage motion. If the inner ring frequency is of domination for the cage motion, the cage guiding surface will wear seriously. While cage motion is dominated by two times cage frequency in spectrum domain, the cage pocket will wear more seriously.

Analysis and Experimental Investigation of the Stability of Intershaft Squeeze Film Dampers—Part 2: Control of Instability

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Hibner ◽  
P. N. Bansal ◽  
D. F. Buono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Viscous Damper ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Squeeze Film Dampers ◽  
Stability Maps ◽  
The Stability

The results of an analytical and experimental investigation showing the existence of an intershaft viscous damper instability were presented in reference [1]. In the present investigation, a more comprehensive stability analysis is used to study the stability of the test rig which incorporates a modified intershaft bearing support. The analysis is applicable to large multi-mass, rotor-bearing systems and includes the effects of gyroscopic moments, shear deformation, bearing support flexibility, and damping. The results of the stability analysis are presented in the form of system stability maps which clearly indicate the effectiveness of the modification in improving the instability onset speed of the system. Also presented are the results of an experimental investigation which substantiate the analytical predictions.

scholarly journals A Gallery of Root Locus of Fractional Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tenreiro Machado
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Root Locus ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Fractional Systems ◽  
Finite Precision ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Fractional Orders

The root locus (RL) is a classical tool for the stability analysis of integer order linear systems, but its application in the fractional counterpart poses some difficulties. Therefore, researchers have mainly preferred to adopt frequency based methods. Nevertheless, recently the RL was considered for the stability analysis of fractional systems. One first method is by tacking advantage of commensurable expressions that occur when truncating fractional orders up to a finite precision. The second method consists of searching the complex plane for solutions of the characteristic equation using a numerical procedure. The resulting charts are insightful about the characteristics of the closed-loop system that outperform the frequency response methods. Given the limited know how in this particular topic and the shortage of literature, this study explores several types of fractional-order transfer functions and presents the corresponding RL.

A New Approach to Popov Criterion for Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Control Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 1549-1552
Author(s):  
Ivan Svarc
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Control ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Control Systems ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given

The Popov criterion for the stability of nonlinear control systems is considered. The Popov criterion gives sufficient conditions for stability of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain. It has a direct graphical interpretation and is convenient for both design and analysis. In the article presented, a table of transfer functions of linear parts of nonlinear systems is constructed. The tables includes frequency response functions and offers solutions to the stability of the given systems. The table makes a direct stability analysis of selected nonlinear systems possible. The stability analysis is solved analytically and graphically. Then it is easy to find out if the nonlinear system is or is not stable; the task that usually ranks among the difficult task in engineering practice.

scholarly journals Slope Stability Analysis Under Pore-Water Pressure: A Case Study in Zarm-Rood Earthfill Dam, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Gholamzade ◽  
Ahad Bagherzadeh Khalkhali
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Slope Stability Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Stability

Abstract It is well known that construction of dams or reservoirs have geomorphological impacts on the environment and could potentially accelerate the occurrence of landslides. One of the most common impact is the occurrence of new landslides and activation of the old one, which may turn into a natural disaster. Thus, controlling the stability of landslides become challenging issue specifically in the presence of f pore-water pressure. In general, the presence of water or pore-water pressure reduces the soil resistance and also leads to increase in stimulus loads, resulting in reduction of stability coefficients. In the present study, using GeoStudio SLOPE/W software, the effect of the proximity of the dam reservoir in terms of different operating conditions on the stability analysis of the landslide area of ​​Zarm-Rood Dam is investigated. In the first step, the evaluation of internal stability of landslides and the effect of the presence of water on stability coefficients were evaluated and then the sustainable design of landslides was proposed. It was found that when extra pore-water pressure ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, safety factor is decreased by about 10%. Accordingly, safety factor is decreased by about 17% when extra pore-water pressure range from 0.4 to 0.6. This research demonstrates successful implementation of GeoStudio SLOPE/W for slope stability analysis in dam construction projects.

A Unified Transfer Function (UTF) Approach for the Modeling and Stability Analysis of Long Slender Bars in 3-D Turning Operations

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Tansel
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Turning Operations ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Unique Relationship

A new approach is introduced to model 3-D turning operations that are used for the stability analysis of long slender bars. This approach utilizes the unique relationship between externally created feed direction tool displacements (input) and the resultant thrust direction workpiece vibrations (output) to estimate stability limits in three-dimensional turning operations from the data of a single dynamic cutting test. In this paper, this unique relationship is referred to as the “Unified Transfer Function ” (UTF) and its expressions are derived from conventional cutting and structural dynamics transfer functions. For the stability analysis, the uncut chip area variations of oblique cutting are represented by a linear model having different coefficients at different depths of cuts. These coefficients are found by using a tool geometry simulation program. An iterative procedure is developed for the stability analysis. The proposed approach considers in-process structural and cutting dynamics and can be automatically implemented without any input from the operator for the traverse turning of a long slender bar. Experimental studies have validated the proposed modeling and stability analysis techniques. The UTFs can also be used to monitor machine tool structure, tool wear, and the machinability of the material.

scholarly journals Study on the Stability of Antibiotics, Pesticides and Drugs in Water by Using a Straightforward Procedure Applying HPLC-Mass Spectrometric Determination for Analytical Purposes

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Salvatore Barreca ◽  
Carola Forni ◽  
Luisa Colzani ◽  
Laura Clerici ◽  
Daniela Daverio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
The Stability

The stability of analytes is a critical point in chemical analysis, especially in the field of trace levels residue analysis. Nowadays, due to advances in analytical technology and in separation sciences, the analyses of water have been improved. Unfortunately, in this context, one of the most critical issues in water analysis include compound stability from sampling station to laboratory procedures. This study was carried out to explore the stability of several compounds in water from sampling to analysis concerning analytes reported in implementing decision 2018/840—Watch List. During method development and validation, the stability of compounds was investigated to detect the best operating conditions concerning sampling, extraction and analysis. In this paper, we report a study on the stability of antibiotics, pesticides and drugs in water determined using a straight-forward procedure applying mass spectrometric detection for analytical purposes. The laboratory tests were performed in Milli-Q water and surface water by analyzing samples through direct injection, solvent mixture (Water/ACN) and solid phase extraction system from time 0 to 168 h. All the analytes of the WL are stable in aqueous solutions with the addition of at least 25% ACN even after 168 h, and the analytes have shown a matrix effect on recovery of some analytes such as Famoxadone from sampling results (recovery in surface water 72%). For all the analytes investigated, recoveries were between 70 and 130% by using SPE procedures before UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, which is in good agreement with method validation procedures.

Stability Analysis of a Load-Sensing Hydraulic System

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Kim ◽  
H S Cho ◽  
C O Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Stability Criterion ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Hurwitz Stability ◽  
Load Sensing ◽  
The Stability

The load-sensing hydraulic system is an energy saving hydraulic system which improves the efficiency of transmitting power from the pump to the load. However, its stability characteristics deteriorate critically due to the addition of the load-sensing mechanism, compared with those of the conventional system. In this paper, a non-linear mathematical model of the load-sensing hydraulic system is formulated, taking into consideration the dynamics of the load-sensing pump. Based upon linearization of this model for various operating conditions, the stability analysis has been made using the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. The results of the theoretical stability analysis were assured through experiments. Both results show that stability is critical to the choice of system parameters such as the setting pressure of the pump compensator and the load inertia.

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