Simulation of CHP System Based on Micro Gas Turbine With Inverted Brayton Cycle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Alexandrovich Abrosimov ◽  
Dmitrii Igorevich Galkin ◽  
Ramil Zarifovich Tumashev ◽  
Alexander Alexandrovich Ustinov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
System Control ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Chp System

In the present work mathematical modeling of a CHP system based on Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) with Inverted Brayton Cycle (IBC) (also known as subatmospheric) is provided. Nominal electric power of the facility is 10 kW. Engineering calculation based modeling is conducted to determine optimal parameters of each component, electrical and total efficiency at full load. Further dynamic modeling is provided for the components with determined optimal parameters. With chosen optimal parameters of the scheme components and coolant temperature the dynamic (time-dependent) modeling of disturbance from the nominal state with no control, ramp down and ramp up of power load (a) and heat load (b) with the activated control system was provided. An iteration based approach of MGT modeling is suggested. The difficulties in the system control under reduction of heat consumption are revealed and challenged. The final objectives of the research are comparison of the IBC with the conventional Brayton cycle for MGT application from the electric efficiency, dynamic behavior and controllability points of view, creation of the control system for such a facility.

Numerical Investigation of an Inverted Brayton Cycle Micro Gas Turbine Based on Experimental Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Agelidou ◽  
Martin Henke ◽  
Thomas Monz ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Residential buildings account for approximately one fifth of the total energy consumption and 12 % of the overall CO2 emissions in the OECD countries. Replacing conventional boilers by a co-generation of heat and power in decentralized plants on site promises a great benefit. Especially, micro gas turbine (MGT) based combined heat and power systems are particularly suitable due to their low pollutant emissions without exhaust gas treatment. Hence, the overall aim of this work is the development of a recuperated inverted MGT as heat and power supply for a single family house with 1 kWel. First, an inverted MGT on a Brayton cycle MGT was developed and experimentally characterized, in previous work by the authors. This approach allows exploiting the potential of using the same components for both cycles. As a next step, the applicability of the Brayton cycle components operated in inverted mode needs to be evaluated and the requirements for a component optimization need to be defined, both, by pursuing thermodynamic cycle simulations. This paper presents a parametrization and validation of in-house 1D steady state simulation tool for an inverted MGT, based on experimental data from the inverted Brayton cycle test rig. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to estimate the influence of every major component on the overall system and to identify the necessary optimizations. Finally, the component requirements for an optimized inverted MGT with 1 kWel and 16 % of electrical efficiency are defined. This work demonstrates the high potential of an inverted MGT for a decentralized heat and power generation when optimizing the system components.

scholarly journals Development and installation of control system for a test rig interconnecting a micro Gas Turbine, a Heat Pump and a PCM Storage system

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Iacopo Rossi ◽  
Romain Caillere
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

The need to enhance flexibility on current power plant is linked to the strong penetration of non-dispatchable sources in the current energy network, which causes a dramatic need for ancillary services to sustain the grid operability. A framework including a micro Gas Turbine (mGT), a Heat Pump (HP) and a PCM Storage is considered to enhance plant flexibility while facing grid and price fluctuations during day operations. The system so composed is devoted to electrical energy production only. A proper use of the HP allows, for instance, to heat up the compressor intake temperature whilst the system is operating at minimum load. The system can then produce a lower amount of energy in order to be more competitive in the infra-day energy market. At the same time, the cold storage is charged and the stored energy can be later used to power up the system during the peak hours by cooling the compressor intake. This work presents then the installation of the control system devoted to the management and the control of such complex system. The test-bed is defined to test different operating conditions and to validate the operating framework of the whole compound.

OH* Chemiluminescence and OH-PLIF Measurements in a Micro Gas Turbine Combustor

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hohloch ◽  
Rajesh Sadanandan ◽  
Axel Widenhorn ◽  
Wolfgang Meier ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Reaction Zones ◽  
Maximum Heat Release

In this work the combustion behavior of the Turbec T100 natural gas/air combustor was analyzed experimentally. For the visualization of the flame structures at various stationary load points OH* chemiluminescence and OH-PLIF measurements were performed in a micro gas turbine test rig equipped with an optically accessible combustion chamber. The OH* chemiluminescence measurements are used to get an impression of the shape and the location of the heat release zones. In addition the OH-PLIF measurements enabled spatially and temporarily resolved information of the reaction zones. Depending on the load point the shape of the flame was seen to vary from cylindrical to conical. With increasing thermal power load the maximum heat release zones shift to a lifted flame. Moreover, the effect of the optically accessible combustion chamber on the performance of the micro gas turbine is evaluated.

Inverted Brayton Cycle With Exhaust Gas Recirculation—A Numerical Investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Henke ◽  
Thomas Monz ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Microgas turbine (MGT) based combined heat and power (CHP) units provide a highly efficient, low-pollutant technology to supply heat and electrical power from fossil and renewable energy sources; however, pressurized MGT systems in an electrical power range from 1 to 5 kWel utilize very small turbocharger components. These components suffer from higher losses, like seal and tip leakages, resulting in a reduced electrical efficiency. This drawback is avoided by an inverted Brayton cycle (IBC) based system. In an IBC hot gas is produced in a combustion chamber at atmospheric pressure. Subsequently, the exhaust gas is expanded in a turbine from an atmospheric to a subatmospheric pressure level. In order to increase electrical efficiency, heat from the turbine exhaust gas is recuperated to the combustion air. After recuperation, the gas is compressed to atmospheric pressure and is discharged from the cycle. To decrease the power demand of the compressor, and thereby increasing the electrical cycle efficiency, it is crucial to further extract residual thermal power from the gas before compression. Coolant flows provided by heating applications can use this heat supply combined with heat from the discharged exhaust gas. The low pressure levels of the IBC result in high volumetric gas flows, enabling the use of large, highly efficient turbocharger components. Because of this efficiency benefit and the described cooling demand, micro-CHP applications provide an ideal field for utilization of the IBC. To further increase the total efficiency, discharged exhaust gas can be partially recirculated to the air inlet of the cycle. In the present paper a steady state analysis of an IBC with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is shown, and compared to the performance of a conventional Brayton cycle with equivalent component properties. Using EGR, it could be found that the sensitivity of the electrical cycle efficiency to the coolant temperature further increases. The sequent discussion focuses on the trade-off between total efficiency and electrical efficiency, depending on coolant temperature and EGR rate. The results show that EGR can increase the total efficiency by 10% to 15% points, while electrical efficiency decreases by 0.5% to 1% point. If the coolant temperature is below 35 °C, condensation of water vapor in the exhaust gas leads to a further increase of heat recovery efficiency. A validated in-house simulation tool based on turbocharger maps has been used for the calculations.

Cooperative controls of micro gas turbine and super capacitor hybrid power generation system for pulsed power load

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 1242-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandong Duan ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Shaogui Fan ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pulsed Power ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Power Generation System

scholarly journals A Case Study on the Electricity Generation Using a Micro Gas Turbine Fuelled by Biogas from a Sewage Treatment Plant

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chi Chang ◽  
Manh Van Do ◽  
Wei-Li Hsu ◽  
Bo-Liang Liu ◽  
Ching-Yuan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Load

Combined heat and power production from biogas is now playing an important role in energy and resource utilization as well as pollution control in waste water treatment. This research used biogas from the Bali Sewage Treatment Plant in New Taipei City, Taiwan, as a major source of fuel for the electricity generation. A micro gas turbine electricity generator, Capstone CR-30, which possesses a maximum rated power load (PWL) of 30 kW, was equipped to convert biogas into electricity. The biogas is mainly composed of CH4 (56.1 ± 8.0 vol.%), CO2 (25.5 ± 9.8 vol.%), H2 (0.5 vol.%), and H2S (0.99 ± 0.07 ppmv). During the test operation period of the generator, it was found that the thermal efficiency increases from 19.8% to 23.4% kWhe/kWhth, while the electricity generation efficiency (ηEB) also rises from 0.93 to 1.09 kWhe/m3 biogas as the PWL increases from 10 kW to 30 kW. The results indicated that the generator has a better performance with higher PWL. At PWL = 30 kW, the average adjusted concentrations of CO and NOx (adjusted to 15 vol.% O2) emitted from the generator are 86 ppmv and 17 ppmv, respectively. Both are much lower than the emission standards of stationary sources in Taiwan of 2000 ppmv and 150 ppmv, respectively. Thus, PWL of 30 kW was selected in cooperation with biogas inflow = 0.412 m3/min and air/fuel ratio (i.e., air/biogas ratio) = 76.0 vol./vol. for the long-term regular operation. At the above setting conditions for long-term operation, the generator continuously consumed the biogas and provided stable electricity generation at a rate of 19.64 kWhe/h for a 2-year running period. Moreover, the greenhouse gas can be cut off with a rate of 10.78 kg CO2e/h when using biogas as fuel for electricity generation. Overall, this research proves that the application of a micro gas turbine electricity generator not only has promising performance for using biogas but also gives a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emission, which fits the concepts of the circular economy and environmental protection.

Micro Gas Turbine Integrated With a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Turbine: Layout Comparison and Thermodynamic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Reale ◽  
Raniero Sannino ◽  
Raffaele Tuccillo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Abstract In an energetic scenario where both distributed energy systems and smart energy grids gain increasing relevance, the research focus is also on the detection of new solutions to increase overall performance of small-scale energy systems. Waste heat recovery (WHR) can represent a good solution to achieve this goal, due to the possibility of converting residual thermal power in thermal engine exhausts into electrical power. The authors, in a recent study, described the opportunities related to the integration of a micro gas turbine (MGT) with a supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle (sCO2 GT) turbine. The adoption of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) as working fluid in closed Brayton cycles is an old idea, already studied in the 1960s. Only in recent years this topic returned to be of interest for electric power generation (i.e. solar, nuclear, geothermal energy or coupled with traditional thermoelectric power plants as WHR). In this technical paper the authors analyzed the performance variations of different systems layout based on the integration of a topping MGT with a sCO2 GT as bottoming cycle; the performance maps for both topping and bottoming turbomachinery have been included in the thermodynamic model with the aim of investigating the part load working conditions. The MGT considered is a Turbec T100P and its behavior at part load conditions is also described. The potential and critical aspects related to the integration of the sCO2 GT as bottoming cycle are studied also through a comparison between different layouts, in order to establish the optimal compromise between overall efficiencies and complexity of the energy system. The off-design analysis of the integrated system is addressed to evaluate its response to variable electrical and thermal demands.

The Development of Control System of Micro Gas Turbine for Low Calorific Value Gas Fuel

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004.3 (0) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Yuji MORI ◽  
Shigehiko KANEKO ◽  
Tatuo WATANABE ◽  
Yudai YAMASAKI ◽  
Takayuki HIKITA
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Fuel

Experimental Results and Transient Model Validation of an Externally Fired Micro Gas Turbine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Riccardo Scarpellini ◽  
Aristide Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Plant Behavior ◽  
Plant Configuration

This paper presents the performance of the world’s first Externally Fired micro Gas Turbine (EFmGT) demonstration plant based on micro gas turbine technology. The plant was designed by Ansaldo Ricerche (ARI) s.r.l. and the Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) of the Universita` di Genova, using the in-house TPG codes TEMP (Thermoeconomic Modular Program) and TRANSEO. The plant was based on a recuperated 80 kW micro gas turbine (Elliott TA-80R), which was integrated with the externally fired cycle at the ARI laboratory. The first goal of the plant construction was the demonstration of the EFmGT system at full and part-load operations, mainly from the control point of view. The performance obtained in the field can be improved in the near future using high-temperature heat exchangers and apt external combustors, which should allow the system to operate at the actual micro gas turbine inlet temperature (900–950 °C). This paper presents the plant layout and the control system employed for regulating the microturbine power and rotational speed. The experimental results obtained by the pilot plant in early 2004 are shown: the feasibility of such a plant configuration has been demonstrated, and the control system has successfully regulated the shaft speed in all the tests performed. Finally, the plant model in TRANSEO, which was formerly used to design the control system, is shown to accurately simulate the plant behavior both at steady-state and transient conditions.

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