Development of the Functional-Gradient Turbine Wheel With Cooled Blades Without Lock Connection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Magerramova ◽  
Michael Volkov ◽  
Anton Salnikov ◽  
Eugene Kratt
Keyword(s):  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Disk Radius ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Blade Alloy ◽  
Uneven Heating ◽  
Cooling Air

Abstract Wheels of high-temperature turbines are traditionally produced in the form of detachable joints of the disk and blades made from different materials. The blades, which are under the influence of high gas temperatures, are made with internal channels by air cooling. The disk is subject to significant centrifugal loads, but lower temperatures. The locking connection of the blades to the disk is a stress concentrator, which leads to resource limitation. One of the solutions is the wheel of the turbine type blisk consisting of cast-cooled blades of heat-resistant alloys and a disk of granulated nickel alloys, interconnected by hot isostatic pressing. The disk can be made of granules of different sizes in different parts. This approach is based on the fact that during operation, the disk is also subject to uneven heating and loading along the radius. The blisk design of the wheel with cooled blades is developed on the basis of the turbine wheel with a detachable connection of the blades with the disk. The blades of the blisk are produced from casting heat-resistant nickel alloy. The disk portion is created from granulated alloy with different grain sizes along the disk radius. The system of supplying cooling air in the blades of the wheel is developed. The technology of manufacturing a disk consisting of granules of various sizes and technology of connection of a disk with cooled cast blades is developed. To determine the mechanical characteristics of the zones of connection of dissimilar materials samples were tested. The combined samples were made of a granulated alloy with different sizes of granules. The bimetallic samples were made of a casting blade alloy and a granulated disk alloy. Multi-parameter optimization of the blisk was carried out. The mass of the designed wheel was reduced by more than 40% compared to the original wheel with lock connection when the strength and service life conditions were satisfied.

Development of the Functional Gradient Turbine Wheel With Cooled Blades Without Lock Connection

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Magerramova ◽  
Michael Volkov ◽  
Anton Salnikov ◽  
Eugene Kratt
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Disk Radius ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Multiparameter Optimization ◽  
Cooling Air

Abstract The blisk design of the wheel with cooled blades is developed on the basis of the turbine wheel with a detachable connection of the blades with the disk. The blades of the blisk are produced from casting heat-resistant nickel alloy. The disk portion is created from granulated alloy with different grain sizes along the disk radius. The system of supplying cooling air in the blades of the wheel is developed. The technology of manufacturing a disk consisting of granules of various sizes and technology of connection of a disk with cooled cast blades is developed. To determine the mechanical characteristics of the zones of connection of dissimilar materials, samples were tested. Multiparameter optimization of the blisk was carried out. The mass of the designed wheel was reduced by more than 40% compared to the original wheel with lock connection when the strength and service life conditions were satisfied.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on the Energy Properties and Failure Process of Thermal Shock Treated Sandstone Subjected to Coupled Dynamic and Static Loads

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Si Huang ◽  
Tubing Yin ◽  
Xibing Li ◽  
Kang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Rock Engineering ◽  
Deep Rock ◽  
Pressure Bar ◽  
Cooling Air

Thermal shock (TS) is known as the process where fractures are generated when rocks go through sudden temperature changes. In the field of deep rock engineering, the rock mass can be subjected to the TS process in various circumstances. To study the influence of TS on the mechanical behaviors of rock, sandstone specimens are heated at different high temperatures and three cooling methods (stove cooling, air cooling, and freezer cooling) are adopted to provide different cooling rates. The coupled dynamic and static loading tests are performed on the heated sandstone through a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The influence of heating level and cooling rate on the dynamic compressive strength, energy dissipations, and fracturing characteristics is investigated based on the experimental data. The development of the microcracks of the sandstone specimens after the experiment is analyzed utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The extent of the development of the microcracks serves to explain the variation pattern of the mechanical responses and energy dissipations of the specimens obtained from the loading test. The findings of this study are valuable for practices in rock engineering involving high temperature and fast cooling.

Study of CO2injection on the desulfurization of low-titanium slag

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Baohua Wang ◽  
Mingbo Zhang ◽  
Rong Zhu ◽  
Shengtao Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Air Cooling ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Steelmaking Process ◽  
Titanium Slag ◽  
Desulfurization Rate ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Desulfurization Process ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Cooling Air

A new idea that the low-titanium slag (LTS) used in the steelmaking process after CO2injection desulfurization is proposed in this paper. The CO2injection process mainly involves the grinding of low-titanium slag, mixing of slag and water, CO2injection, filtration, and then obtains the low sulfur and low titanium slag. The effects of cooling rates (water cooling, air cooling, crucible cooling, and furnace cooling) and CO2injection on the desulfurization of LTS were studied by both experimental and thermodynamic calculations. The results showed that sulfite and sulfate ions couldn’t be removed from LTS using this method, and the main removal substance in slag was sulfide ion S2−. The desulfurization mechanism with CO2injection was that the CO2injection reacted with H2O to form H2CO3, and then the H+disrupted from H2CO3reacted with the S2−in the slag to achieve desulfurization. During the desulfurization process, the desulfurization reaction was mainly determined by S2− + CO2(aq) + H2O (l) = CO32− + H2S(g) within the first 5 min, and then the main desulfurization reaction was S2− + 2CO2(aq) + 2H2O(l) = 2HCO3− + H2S(g). As the cooling rate decreasing, the desulfurization rate of LTS increased. The desulfurization effect of furnace-cooled slag is the highest in four kinds of slag. The desulfurization rate of furnace-cooled slag reaches 72.28%, which is 4.34, 1.75 and 1.15 times than that of water-cooled slag, air-cooled slag and crucible-cooled slag, respectively. The optimal rate of desulfurization is 80.0%.

Part II. Research on the Performance of a Type of Internally Air-cooled Turbine Blade

1953 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Ainley
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Practical Feasibility

A comprehensive series of tests have been made on an experimental single-stage turbine to determine the cooling characteristics and the overall stage performance of a set of air-cooled turbine blades. These blades, which are described fully in Part I of this paper had, internally, a multiplicity of passages of small diameter along which cool air was passed through the whole length of the blade. Analysis of the, test data indicated that, when a quantity of cooling air amounting to 2 per cent, by weight, of the total gas-flow through the turbine is fed to the row of rotor blades, an increase in gas temperature of about 270 deg. C. (518 deg. F.) should be permissible above the maximum allowable value for a row of uncooled blades made from the same material. The degree of cooling achieved throughout each blade was far from uniform and large thermal stresses must result. It appears, however, that the consequences of this are not highly detrimental to the performance of the present type of blading, it being demonstrated that the main effect of the induced thermal stress is apparently to transfer the major tensile stresses to the cooler (and hence stronger) regions of the blade. The results obtained from the present investigations do not represent a limit to the potentialities of internal air-cooling, but form merely a first exploratory step. At the same time the practical feasibility of air cooling is made apparent, and advances up to the present are undoubtedly encouraging.

Effect of Film-Cooling Hole Location on Turbulator Heat Transfer Enhancement in Turbine Blade Internal Air-Cooling Circuits

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McDonough ◽  
V. E. Garzón ◽  
D. E. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Cooling Hole ◽  
Cooling Air

Numerical results demonstrating the effect of film-cooling hole placement on turbulator heat transfer effectiveness in internal convective cooling air circuits of turbine blades in high-performance gas turbine engines is presented for a two-dimensional model problem. Of particular interest will be the performance of a new turbulence modeling formalism similar to large-eddy simulation (LES) but employing subgrid-scale models constructed from nonlinear discrete dynamical systems, and not requiring filtering of the resolved-scale governing equations. Computed results for temperature distribution, flow streamlines, pressure coefficient and heat transfer Stanton number are compared for three different cooling hole/turbulator configurations, and turbulence kinetic energy is compared with results from a standard k-ε model.

scholarly journals Effect of Forced Air Cooling on the Microstructures, Tensile Strength, and Hardness Distribution of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5A06-AA6061 Joints

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjian Peng ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
Jiangjiang Hu ◽  
Peijian Chen ◽  
Zhitong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Welding Flux ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising welding method for welding dissimilar materials without using welding flux. In the present work, 5A06-H112 and 6061-T651 aluminium alloys were successfully welded by friction stir welding with forced air cooling (FAC) and natural cooling (NC). Nanoindentation tests and microstructure characterisations revealed that forced air cooling, which can accelerate the cooling process and suppress the coarsening of grains and the dissolution of precipitate phases, contributes to strengthening and narrowing the weakest area of the joint. The tensile strength of joints with FAC were commonly improved by 10% compared to those with NC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fracture surface elucidated that FSW with FAC tended to increase the number and reduce the size of the dimples. These results demonstrated the advantages of FSW with FAC in welding heat-sensitive materials and provide fresh insight into welding industries.

scholarly journals Humidification–Dehumidification (HDH) Desalination System with Air-Cooling Condenser and Cellulose Evaporative Pad

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Yan-Ping Chen ◽  
Po-Hsien Wu ◽  
Bin-Juine Huang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Copper Material ◽  
Cooling Air

This paper presents a humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination system with an air-cooling condenser. Seawater in copper tubes is usually used in a condenser, but it has shown the drawbacks of pipe erosion, high cost of the copper material, etc. If air could be used as the cooling medium, it could not only avoid the above drawbacks but also allow much more flexible structure design of condensers, although the challenge is whether the air-cooing condenser can provide as much cooling capability as water cooling condensers. There is no previous work that uses air as cooling medium in a condenser of a HDH desalination system to the best of our knowledge. In this paper we designed a unique air-cooling condenser that was composed of closely packed hollow polycarbonate (PC) boards. The structure was designed to create large surface area of 13.5 m2 with the volume of only 0.1 m3. The 0.2 mm thin thickness of the material helped to reduce the thermal resistance between the warm humid air and cooling air. A fan was used to suck the ambient air in and out of the condenser as an open system to the environment. Results show that the air-cooling condenser could provide high cooling capability to produce fresh water efficiently. Meanwhile, cellulous pad material was used in the humidifier to enhance the evaporative process. A maximum productivity of 129 kg/day was achieved using the humidifier with a 0.0525 m3 cellulous pad with a water temperature of 49.5 °C. The maximum gained output ratio (GOR) was 0.53, and the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) was 20.7 for waste heat recovery. It was found that the system performance was compromised as the ambient temperature increased due to the increased temperature of cooling air; however, such an effect could be compensated by increasing the volume of the condenser.

Turbine Stator Well CFD Studies: Effects of Coolant Supply Geometry on Cavity Sealing Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Andreini ◽  
Riccardo Da Soghe ◽  
Bruno Facchini
Keyword(s):  
Air Cooling ◽  
Sector Model ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Supply Systems

The increase of aeroengine performance through the improvement of aerodynamic efficiency of core flow is becoming more and more difficult to achieve. However, there are still some devices that could be improved to enhance global engine efficiency. Particularly, investigations on the internal air cooling systems may lead to a reduction of cooling air with a direct benefit to the overall performance. At the same time, further investigations on heat transfer mechanisms within turbine cavities may help to optimize cooling air flows, saving engine life duration. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study aimed at the characterization of the effects of different geometries for cooling air supply within turbine cavities on wall thermal effectiveness and sealing mass flow rate. Several sealing air supply geometries were considered in order to point out the role of cooling air injection position, swirl number, and jet penetration on the cavities’ sealing performance. Steady state calculations were performed using two different computational domains: the first consists of a sector model of the whole turbine including the second stator well, while the second is a cut-down model of the stator well. Thanks to the simplified geometry of the test rig with respect to actual engines, the study has pointed out clear design suggestions regarding the effects of geometry modification of cooling air supply systems.

Development of Next Generation Gas Turbine Combined Cycle System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Yoshiaki Nishimura ◽  
Masahiro Abe ◽  
Kazumasa Takata ◽  
Satoshi Hada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Air Cooling System ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Cooling Air

Tohoku Electric Power Company, Inc. (Tohoku-EPCO) has been adopting cutting-edge gas turbines for gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants to contribute for reduction of energy consumption, and making a continuous effort to study the next generation gas turbines to further improve GTCC power plants efficiency and flexibility. Tohoku-EPCO and Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd (MHPS) developed “forced air cooling system” as a brand-new combustor cooling system for the next generation GTCC system in a collaborative project. The forced air cooling system can be applied to gas turbines with a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1600deg.C or more by controlling the cooling air temperature and the amount of cooling air. Recently, the forced air cooling system verification test has been completed successfully at a demonstration power plant located within MHPS Takasago Works (T-point). Since the forced air cooling system has been verified, the 1650deg.C class next generation GTCC power plant with the forced air cooling system is now being developed. Final confirmation test of 1650deg.C class next generation GTCC system will be carried out in 2020.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document