Combustor Development and Engine Demonstration of Micro-Mix Hydrogen Combustion Applied to M1A-17 Gas Turbine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Horikawa ◽  
Kunio Okada ◽  
Masato Yamaguchi ◽  
Shigeki Aoki ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hydrogen Combustion ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Fuel Staging ◽  
Power Generation Plant ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Abstract Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD. (KHI) has research and development projects for a future hydrogen society. These projects comprise the complete hydrogen cycle, including the production of hydrogen gas, the refinement and liquefaction for transportation and storage, and finally the utilization in a gas turbine for electricity and heat supply. Within the development of the hydrogen gas turbine, the key technology is stable and low NOx hydrogen combustion, namely the Dry Low NOx (DLN) hydrogen combustion. KHI, Aachen University of Applied Science, and B&B-AGEMA have investigated the possibility of low NOx micro-mix hydrogen combustion and its application to an industrial gas turbine combustor. From 2014 to 2018, KHI developed a DLN hydrogen combustor for a 2MW class industrial gas turbine with the micro-mix technology. Thereby, the ignition performance, the flame stability for equivalent rotational speed, and higher load conditions were investigated. NOx emission values were kept about half of the Air Pollution Control Law in Japan: 84ppm (O2-15%). Hereby, the elementary combustor development was completed. From May 2020, KHI started the engine demonstration operation by using an M1A-17 gas turbine with a co-generation system located in the hydrogen-fueled power generation plant in Kobe City, Japan. During the first engine demonstration tests, adjustments of engine starting and load control with fuel staging were investigated. On 21st May, the electrical power output reached 1,635 kW, which corresponds to 100% load (ambient temperature 20 °C), and thereby NOx emissions of 65 ppm (O2-15, 60 RH%) were verified. Here, for the first time, a DLN hydrogen-fueled gas turbine successfully generated power and heat.

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Biogas on a 3 kW Micro Gas Turbine FLOX®-Based Combustor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Seliger-Ost ◽  
Peter Kutne ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of biogas has currently two disadvantages. Firstly, processing biogas to natural gas quality for feeding into the natural gas grid is a rather energy consuming process. Secondly, the conversion into electricity directly in biogas plants produces waste heat, which largely cannot be used. Therefore, a feed-in of the desulfurized and dry biogas to local biogas grids would be preferable. Thus, the biogas could be used directly at the end consumer for heat and power production. As biogas varies in its methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) content, respectively, this paper studies the influence of different biogas mixtures compared to natural gas on the combustion in a FLOX®-based six nozzle combustor. The single staged combustor is suitable for the use in a micro gas turbine (MGT) based combined heat and power (CHP) system with an electrical power output of 3 kW. The combustor is studied in an optically accessible atmospheric test rig, as well as integrated into the MGT system. This paper focuses on the influence of the admixture of CO2 to natural gas on the NOX and CO emissions. Furthermore, at atmospheric conditions the shape and location of the heat release zone is investigated using OH* chemiluminescence (OH* CL). The combustor could be stably operated in the MGT within the complete stationary operating range with all fuel mixtures.

scholarly journals A Test Rig for the Experimental Investigation of a MGT/SOFC Hybrid Power Plant Based on a 3kWel Micro Gas Turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Martina Hohloch ◽  
Melanie Herbst ◽  
Anna Marcellan ◽  
Timo Lingstädt ◽  
Thomas Krummrein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Electrical Power Output

A hybrid power plant consisting of a micro gas turbine (MGT) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a promising technology to reach the demands for future power plants. DLR aims to set up a MGT/SOFC hybrid power plant demonstrator based on a 3 kWel MTT EnerTwin micro gas turbine and an SOFC module with an electrical power output of 30 kWel from Sunfire. For the detailed investigation of the subsystems under hybrid conditions two separate test rigs are set up, one in which the MGT is connected to an emulator of the SOFC and vice versa. The paper introduces the set-up and the functionalities of the MGT based test rig. The special features are highlighted and the possibilities of the cyber physical system for emulation of a hybrid system are explained.

Experimental and Numerical Characterization of the Dry Low NOx Micromix Hydrogen Combustion Principle at Increased Energy Density for Industrial Hydrogen Gas Turbine Applications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H.-W. Funke ◽  
S. Boerner ◽  
J. Keinz ◽  
K. Kusterer ◽  
A. Haj Ayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hydrogen Combustion ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Nox Emissions

In the future low pollution power generation can be achieved by application of hydrogen as a possible alternative gas turbine fuel if the hydrogen is produced by renewable energy sources such as wind energy or biomass. The utilization of existing IGCC power plant technology with the combination of low cost coal as a bridge to renewable energy sources such as biomass can support the international effort to reduce the environmental impact of electricity generation. Against this background the dry low NOx Micromix combustion principle for hydrogen is developed for years to significantly reduce NOx emissions. This combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen and burns in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames. The two advantages of this principle are the inherent safety against flash-back and the low NOx concentrations due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the micro-flames. The paper presents experimental results showing the significant reduction of NOx emissions at high equivalence ratios and at simultaneously increased energy density under preheated atmospheric conditions. Furthermore the paper presents the feasibility of enlarged Micromix hydrogen injectors reducing the number of required injectors of a full-scale Micromix combustion chamber while maintaining the thermal energy output with significantly low NOx formation. The experimental investigations are accompanied by 3D numerical reacting flow simulations based on a simplified hydrogen combustion model. Comparison with experimental results shows good agreement with respect to flame structure, shape and anchoring position. Thus, the experimental and numerical results highlight further potential of the Micromix combustion principle for low NOx combustion of hydrogen in industrial gas turbine applications.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Biomass Fuel Driven EFMGT Cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2421-2425
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Biomass fuel as carbon neutral, abundant, domestic, cost effective is being reconsidered to fuel-up the power plant to produce electricity in clean way. But utilization of biomass fuel directly in existing conventional power plant causes problem in turbine such as erosion, hot corrosion, clogging and depositions [1]. As such combustion of biomass fuel outside the primary cycle eradicates potential hazards for turbine. In such a case indirectly fired micro gas turbine opens a door to biomass fuel as this technology is free from negative aspects of direct combustion as well as making micro gas turbine feasible to generate electricity in small scale at non-grid areas for individual consumer or group of consumers. In this research, the effect of different types of biomass fuel on operating parameters as well as on output electrical power of externally fired micro gas turbine (EFmGT)has been analyzed. The biomass fuels are categorized on the basis of air to fuel ratio (AFR) using stoichiometry combustion theory. It is found from results that parameters like air mass flow rate, compression ratio, heat exchanger effectiveness, turbine inlet temperature, combustion temperature, and temperature difference in heat exchanger affect the performance of EFmGT. Also types of biomass fuel have substantial impacts on these performance parameters as well as on electrical power output of EFmGT cycle.

scholarly journals The Mojave Cogeneration Project Unit 2

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. (Larry) Redmond ◽  
Ezio Marson
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

A cogeneration application of the CW251B10 industrial gas turbine is described in this paper. The gas turbine will generate electrical power and steam from a waste heat recovery boiler located downstream of the turbine exhaust. The steam generated by the boiler will be used to generate additional power in a Westinghouse condensing steam turbine. Steam will be extracted from the steam turbine for use in the plant and for injection into the gas turbine for NOx emission reduction. A description of the plant and components is included. Site performance tests results are presented and compared to the original predicted engine and plant performance.

Ongoing Development of a Low Emission Industrial Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
V. M. Sood ◽  
J. R. Shekleton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Premix Combustion ◽  
Fuel Staging ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Experiments were performed in laboratory-and full-scale combustors to test the feasibility of meeting proposed EPA emission standards. It was found that by uniformly mixing gaseous fuel and primary zone air prior to combustion and burning fuel leanly (equivalence ratio <1.0), it was possible to meet the proposed emission standards in an industrial gas turbine. The characteristic narrow range of flame stability obtained with lean premix combustion necessitated the use of fuel staging or variable geometry to handle the operational range of the engine. Fuel staging was selected for its relative simplicity. Consequently, EPA proposed emission standards were met only over a narrow range covering the engine operation at and near the design point. Experiments on small scale models of various sizes operated with gaseous and liquid fuels showed that, contrary to expectation, NOx production from a lean premix combustion system is independent of the system pressure in the pressure range investigated (1 atm to 16 atm). The desirability of high combustor inlet temperature and pressure for premixing was indicated. Despite the complexities of premixing fuel and air, such a combustion system, in addition to meeting the proposed emission standards, offers advantages such as easing of combustor wall cooling problems, improved combustor exit temperature distribution, and freedom from exhaust and primary zone smoke.

Experimental Investigation of a FLOX®-Based Combustor for a Small-Scale Gas Turbine Based CHP System Under Atmospheric Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Seliger ◽  
Andreas Huber ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation of a newly designed single-stage combustion system based on the flameless oxidation (FLOX®) technology for a small scale micro gas turbine (MGT). It is used for a combined heat and power plant (CHP) with an electrical power output of 3 kW, using natural gas as fuel. Flameless oxidation is characterized by a flame distributed over a large volume and a high internal recirculation of flue gas. Considering the high combustor inlet temperatures up to 1000 K as required for this application, the FLOX®-combustion concept offers various advantages compared to swirl-stabilized combustion systems in terms of flashback risk and exhaust gas emissions. This paper describes the detailed characterization of the jet-stabilized combustor. Two versions of the combustor were tested, one generic and one modified version suitable for the integration into the micro gas turbine at an atmospheric test rig with optical access. The stable operating range, including lean blow out (LBO) limits, was determined for varying equivalence ratios, thermal powers and preheat temperatures. The influence of these parameters on the combustion characteristics is discussed. Furthermore, the shape and location of the heat release zone is investigated with OH*-chemiluminescence (OH* CL). The exhaust gas emissions NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) were also measured. The results demonstrate that the developed combustor design ensures stable and reliable performance. It also offers a high operational flexibility and low pressure loss with NOx, CO and UHC emissions far below regulation limits for all relevant engine conditions.

Techno–Economic Evaluation of Recuperated Gas Turbine Cogeneration Cycles Utilizing Animal Manure and Energy Crops for Biogas Fuel

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Kontokostas ◽  
Ioannis Goulos ◽  
Anastassios Stamatis
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Electrical Power Output

This work presents the development of an integrated approach, targeting the techno-economic assessment of recuperated cogeneration gas turbine cycles, utilizing anaerobic digestion products of animal manure and energy crops for biogas fuel. The overall approach consists of a series of fundamental modeling theories applicable to; anaerobic digestion and biogas fuel yield, thermodynamic analysis of cogeneration gas turbine cycles, exergetic analysis of anaerobic digestion, and economic modeling of implementation and operation. The developed methodology is applied to the techno-economic analysis of a representative anaerobic digestion plant yielding biogas fuel which is supplied to a recuperated cogeneration gas turbine powerplant. The influence of employed thermodynamic cycle parameters along with the incorporated technology level, on the cycle performance parameters and economic sustainability of integrated digestion–cogeneration powerplant designs, is thoroughly investigated. The obtained results suggest that, the dominant thermodynamic cycle variables that affect the electrical performance of integrated digestion-cogeneration systems, are the gas/air temperatures at the combustor outlet and recuperator air side exit, respectively. It is shown that the profitability of the investment is highly depended on the electrical power output and the feed–in tariff for electrical energy. Optimization of the employed co-generation cycle for maximum electrical power output, is shown to be a crucial element in terms of securing investment sustainability. A general review of the results indicates that, anaerobic treatment of animal manure and energy crops may constitute a sustainable investment, primarily for cases that substantial volumes of substrates are available in order to secure biogas yield and stable operation of the AD–gas turbine power plant.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Gas Turbine Cogeneration Cycles Utilizing Anaerobic Digestion Products for Biogas Fuel

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Kontokostas ◽  
Ioannis Goulos
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Technology Level

This work presents the development of an integrated approach for the techno-economic assessment of recuperated gas turbine cycles utilizing anaerobic digestion (AD) products of animal manure and energy crops for biogas fuel. The overall approach consists of a series of modeling methods applicable to AD and biogas fuel yield, thermodynamic evaluation of cogenerated gas turbine cycles, exergy analysis, and economic evaluation of powerplant operation. The developed method is applied for the techno-economic analysis of an AD plant yielding biogas fuel supplied to a recuperated gas turbine. The influence of gas turbine technology level on the economic sustainability of cogenerated powerplants powered by AD products is investigated. The obtained results suggest that the dominant cycle variables affecting the electrical performance of integrated digestion–cogeneration systems are the gas/air temperatures at the combustor outlet and recuperator air side (AS) exit, respectively. It is demonstrated that the profitability of the investment is highly dependent on electrical power output and the feed-in tariff used for electrical energy. It is argued that the desired split between electrical and thermal power output is dependent on the gas turbine technology level. It is shown that optimizing the cogenerated cycle for maximum electrical power output is key in terms of securing investment sustainability. A general review of the acquired results indicates that anaerobic treatment of animal manure and energy crops to produce biogas fuel can constitute a sustainable investment. This applies especially for cases that substantial volumes of substrates are available to ensure stable powerplant operation.

Experimental Characterization of a Micro Gas Turbine Test Rig

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hohloch ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Axel Widenhorn ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
The Impact

For the development of efficient and fuel flexible decentralized power plant concepts a test rig based on the Turbec T100 micro gas turbine is operated at the DLR Institute of Combustion Technology. This paper reports the characterization of the transient operating performance of the micro gas turbine by selected transient maneuvers like start-up, load change and shut-down. The transient maneuvers can be affected by specifying either the electrical power output or the turbine speed. The impact of the two different operation strategies on the behavior of the engine is explained. At selected stationary load points the performance of the gas turbine components is characterized by using the measured thermodynamic and fluid dynamic quantities. In addition the impact of different turbine outlet temperatures on the performance of the gas turbine is worked out. The resulting data set can be used for validation of numerical simulation and as a base for further investigations on micro gas turbines.

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