Investigation on Thermal Loading of Disc Brakes: An Approach

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jancirani ◽  
S. Chandrasekaran ◽  
P. Tamilporai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Disc Brake ◽  
Thermal Distortion ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disc Brakes ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

In the wide range of braking speed, the disc brakes are subjected to temperature variation and thermal loading. Different modelling approaches ranging from a simple lumped parameter model to complex three-dimensional models are available for the thermal analysis of the disc brakes. Based on the review of the above models, a model has been developed and formulated for the analysis of thermal loading of disc brake. The developed model is proposed to couple with a model for the thermal distortion of disc brake. It is also proposed to conduct the necessary experiments and thermal analysis to validate the results obtained from the synthesized analysis.

Design and Heat Transfer Analysis of Automotive Disc Brakes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jancirani ◽  
S. Chandrasekaran ◽  
P. Tamilporai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Disc Brake ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disc Brakes ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Drum Brakes

In the recent scenario of braking system for automobiles, disc brake takes up a wide range of applications, because of its simplicity in construction, operation and not self energizing as in the case of drum brakes. Since the disc brakes takes up a wide range of application, it is essential to ensure the reliable function of the braking system under varied operating conditions. The reliable function of the disc brake system is purely depends on the system based design. In this work, a linear regression technique is used for the optimal design of the disc brake rotor for varied operating conditions. Various forces involved during braking, energy generated during braking and the corresponding effective stopping distances were also calculated using appropriate governing relations and equations. In the varied operating conditions, the heat energy generated during braking should be driven away form the working surfaces of the components. To analyze this thermal loading and cooling phenomenon, a conventional convective heat transfer approach was also formulated and developed in this work. The analytical findings of the above approaches are demonstrated at the end and it is found to be quite satisfactory.

scholarly journals Representing the War. Early Twentieth Century Maps and Models in the Fonds of the Italian War History Museum in Rovereto

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elena Dai Prà ◽  
Valentina De Santi ◽  
Giannantonio Scaglione
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The University ◽  
First World

Abstract. The representation of the areas in which some of the most significant events of the First World War took place has produced a wide range of materials, such as cartography, aerial and terrestrial photos, textual descriptions and field surveys. In addition, war events were also represented through three-dimensional models. Topographic maps and models constitute composite figurations, which are rich in informative data useful for the preservation of the memory of places and for increasing the knowledge of cultural heritage. Hence, these sources need to be studied, described, interpreted and used for future enhancement. The focus of this paper are archival materials from the collections kept at the Italian War History Museum of Rovereto (Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra), in the Trentino-Alto Adige region. Firstly, we will investigate the cartographic fond in order to assess the composition and origin of its materials. Secondly, we will present the Museum’s collection of Early-Twentieth Century models. Such precious heritage is not yet part of an exhibition, and is kept in the Museum’s warehouses. The paper constitutes the occasion to present the initial results of a still ongoing project by the Geo-Cartographic Centre for Study and Documentation (GeCo) of the University of Trento on the study and analysis of two archival complexes preserved in the abovementioned Museum. In particular, the paper focuses on the heuristic value of such representational devices, which enable an analysis of the different methods and languages through which space is planned and designed, emphasizing the complementarity between different types of visualization.

scholarly journals Embedding X.509 Digital Certificates in Three-Dimensional Models for Authentication, Authorization, and Traceability of Product Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Hedberg ◽  
Sylvere Krima ◽  
Jaime A. Camelio
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Product Data ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Certificates ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Exchange and reuse of three-dimensional (3D) product models are hampered by the absence of trust in product-lifecycle data quality. The root cause of the missing trust is years of “silo” functions (e.g., engineering, manufacturing, and quality assurance) using independent and disconnected processes. Those disconnected processes result in data exchanges that do not contain all of the required information for each downstream lifecycle process, which inhibits the reuse of product data and results in duplicate data. The X.509 standard, maintained by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), was first issued in 1988. Although originally intended as the authentication framework for the X.500 series for electronic directory services, the X.509 framework is used in a wide range of implementations outside the originally intended paradigm. These implementations range from encrypting websites to software-code signing, yet X.509 certificate use has not widely penetrated engineering and product realms. Our approach is not trying to provide security mechanisms, but equally as important, our method aims to provide insight into what is happening with product data to support trusting the data. This paper provides a review of the use of X.509 certificates and proposes a solution for embedding X.509 digital certificates in 3D models for authentication, authorization, and traceability of product data. This paper also describes an application within the aerospace domain. Finally, the paper draws conclusions and provides recommendations for further research into using X.509 certificates in product lifecycle management (PLM) workflows to enable a product lifecycle of trust.

PRINCIPLES OF THE CONTEXTUAL APPROACH AND THE CONCEPT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS DESIGNING IN THE HISTORIC QUARTERS OF THE CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Natalya N. VOLOGDINA ◽  
Viktor N. YARUKOV
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Contextual Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The City

The problems of residential buildings designing in the historic quarters of the city are considered. A judgment is given about the origins of contextualism. Att ention is drawn to various positions in creating a full-fl edged environment, taking into account a wide range of issues of its comprehension and development. On the basis of the adopted concept of the contextual approach the principles demonstrated with the help of three-dimensional models are formulated. As a research area and priority intervention a specifi c area of urban fabric with regular planning is selected. Contextual design techniques are off ered which can be used as a tool in professional activity. The importance and value of the approach returning to the city its historical memory is emphasized.

Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Planetary Gear Involving Tooth Wedging and Bearing Clearance Nonlinearity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo ◽  
Robert G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Bearing Clearance ◽  
Gravity Forces ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Bearing Failures ◽  
Wide Range

Tooth wedging occurs when a gear tooth comes into contact on the drive-side and back-side simultaneously. Tooth wedging risks bearing failures from elevated forces. This work studies the nonlinear tooth wedging behavior and its correlation with planet bearing forces by analyzing the dynamic response of an example planetary gear based on a real application of a wind turbine geartrain. The two-dimensional lumped-parameter model [1] is extended to include tooth separation, back-side contact, tooth wedging, and bearing clearances. The simulation results show significant impact of tooth wedging on planet bearing forces for a wide range of operating speeds. To develop a physical understanding of the tooth wedging mechanism, connections between planet bearing forces and tooth forces are studied by investigating physical forces and displacements acting throughout the planetary gear. A method to predict tooth wedging based on geometric interactions is developed and verified. The major causes of tooth wedging relate directly to translational vibrations caused by gravity forces and the presence of clearance-type nonlinearities in the form of backlash and bearing clearance.

On a Leray–α model of turbulence

2005 ◽  
Vol 461 (2055) ◽  
pp. 629-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Cheskidov ◽  
Darryl D. Holm ◽  
Eric Olson ◽  
Edriss S. Titi
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Large Eddy Simulation Model ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

In this paper we introduce and study a new model for three–dimensional turbulence, the Leray– α model. This model is inspired by the Lagrangian averaged Navier–Stokes– α model of turbulence (also known Navier–Stokes– α model or the viscous Camassa–Holm equations). As in the case of the Lagrangian averaged Navier–Stokes– α model, the Leray– α model compares successfully with empirical data from turbulent channel and pipe flows, for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. We establish here an upper bound for the dimension of the global attractor (the number of degrees of freedom) of the Leray– α model of the order of ( L / l d ) 12/7 , where L is the size of the domain and l d is the dissipation length–scale. This upper bound is much smaller than what one would expect for three–dimensional models, i.e. ( L / l d ) 3 . This remarkable result suggests that the Leray– α model has a great potential to become a good sub–grid–scale large–eddy simulation model of turbulence. We support this observation by studying, analytically and computationally, the energy spectrum and show that in addition to the usual k −5/3 Kolmogorov power law the inertial range has a steeper power–law spectrum for wavenumbers larger than 1/ α . Finally, we propose a Prandtl–like boundary–layer model, induced by the Leray– α model, and show a very good agreement of this model with empirical data for turbulent boundary layers.

TRANSIENT THERMAL ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE DISK BRAKE ROTOR OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS USING HYBRID MECHANISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Disc Brake ◽  
Transient Thermal Analysis ◽  
Disk Brake ◽  
Hybrid Mechanism ◽  
Disc Brakes ◽  
Brake Rotor ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Transient Thermal

This paper is presented on Design and Thermal analysis of disc brake rotor of different materials, which analyze about on disc brake rotor by analysis of different shapes of slot of different vehicles Disc brake rotor. Therefore, it can optimize number of shapes of slot to estimate the good thermal conductivity of the disc brake rotor. CATIA V5R21 and ANSYS 19R1 software’s are using for Modeling, Static and Transient Thermal Analysis. Heat generated is dissipated faster or the disc material gets less heated. Here is consideration of a metal multiple materials which will satisfy above criteria. An analysis of composite and SS disc brakes over a repeated braking is done and the results are analyzed.

scholarly journals The total cavopulmonary connection resistance: a significant impact on single ventricle hemodynamics at rest and exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (6) ◽  
pp. H2427-H2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik S. Sundareswaran ◽  
Kerem Pekkan ◽  
Lakshmi P. Dasi ◽  
Kevin Whitehead ◽  
Shiva Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Total Cavopulmonary Connection ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cavopulmonary Connection

Little is known about the impact of the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) on resting and exercise hemodynamics in a single ventricle (SV) circulation. The aim of this study was to elucidate this mechanism using a lumped parameter model of the SV circulation. Pulmonary vascular resistance (1.96 ± 0.80 WU) and systemic vascular resistances (18.4 ± 7.2 WU) were obtained from catheterization data on 40 patients with a TCPC. TCPC resistances (0.39 ± 0.26 WU) were established using computational fluid dynamic simulations conducted on anatomically accurate three-dimensional models reconstructed from MRI ( n = 16). These parameters were used in a lumped parameter model of the SV circulation to investigate the impact of TCPC resistance on SV hemodynamics under resting and exercise conditions. A biventricular model was used for comparison. For a biventricular circulation, the cardiac output (CO) dependence on TCPC resistance was negligible (sensitivity = −0.064 l·min−1·WU−1) but not for the SV circulation (sensitivity = −0.88 l·min−1·WU−1). The capacity to increase CO with heart rate was also severely reduced for the SV. At a simulated heart rate of 150 beats/min, the SV patient with the highest resistance (1.08 WU) had a significantly lower increase in CO (20.5%) compared with the SV patient with the lowest resistance (50%) and normal circulation (119%). This was due to the increased afterload (+35%) and decreased preload (−12%) associated with the SV circulation. In conclusion, TCPC resistance has a significant impact on resting hemodynamics and the exercise capacity of patients with a SV physiology.

A Lumped-Parameter Model for Stagnant Thermal Conductivity of Spatially Periodic Porous Media

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Hsu ◽  
P. Cheng ◽  
K. W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Algebraic Expressions ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Spatially Periodic

Based on a lumped-parameter method, algebraic expressions for the stagnant thermal conductivity of some two-dimensional and three-dimensional spatially periodic media are obtained. The geometries under consideration include arrays of touching and non-touching in-line square and circular cylinders (two-dimensional), as well as touching and nontouching in-line cubes (three-dimensional). A comparison of results based on these algebraic expressions with existing numerical solutions and experimental data shows that they are in excellent agreement.

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