The Role of Aperture in the Extraction of Functional Components From Plant Materials

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Di ◽  
Junhong Yang ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Liqiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Important Processing ◽  
Functional Components

The extraction of functional components from natural plant is one of important processing in the development and further practical application of plant product. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) has been widely used in the extraction of many samples for its unique heating mechanism, short extraction time and high yield of extract. Astragalus slice is a special and typical plant porous media. We describe an approach by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) to characterize the trachea and aperture of Astragalus slices irradiated 20 min by microwave at 600 W and 900 W, with the aim to analyze the effect of the microwave power on the extraction yield by SEM and discuss further the relationship between the microstructure characteristics of sample and mechanism on mass transfer in micro-scale. It is found that extract with the 20 min irradiation of microwave at 600 W is higher than that at 900 W because the apertures on the trachea wall remain open at 600 W, but shrink at 900 W. Moreover, we confirm the important role of the aperture in the extraction of plant materials. Therefore, this study has significant meanings to develop the optimized extraction technology of plant porous media and maintain or improve the quality of extract.

Fractal Characterization of Astragalus Slices Under Various Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Di ◽  
Junhong Yang ◽  
Mingdi Sun ◽  
Liqiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Microwave has been widely used in the extraction of many samples for its unique heating mechanism, short extraction time and high yield of extract. The microstructure characteristics of plant materials are closely related with macro-property and mechanism on mass transfer within matrix. Fractal geometry, with the ability to describe irregular objects provides a new language. Astragalus slice is a special and typical plant porous media. We characterize the microstructure of Astragalus slices irradiated by microwave at 600 and 900 W by using fractal dimension, with the aim to analyze the effect of the microwave power on the extraction yield and discuss further the relationship between the fractal dimensions and microstructure changes of sample during microwave assisted extraction process. It is found that the fractal scaling law of box counting method is not suitable for the apertures on the wall of trachea inside matrix, and Slit Island and mercury injection method may be used. Fractal dimensions of samples at microwave 600 W are smaller than that at 900 W. The smaller fractal dimension is in favor of effective components dissolution inside the slices, which led to extract with the 20 min irradiation of microwave at 600 W is higher than that at 900 W.

The Role of Solid Particles Obtained from Plant Materials in Improvement the Quality of Cosmetic Care Balms

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wasilewski ◽  
Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽  
Tomasz Bujak ◽  
Edyta Szmuc ◽  
Dominik Czerwonka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Cosmetic Emulsions

Abstract The sensory properties of cosmetic emulsions are part of the basic properties of products such as face creams and body balms. They are extremely important parameters in the product evaluation by consumers. Cosmetics manufacturers are increasingly introducing ingredients in the form of solid particles (talc, bentonite, clay) into formulations to improve the sensory properties of products. Their addition simplifies the application of the emulsion on the skin, effects faster absorption and leaves a feeling of silky smoothness after application. During the work, we investigated solid particles of plant origin: powder from ground orange peel and oat grain. These ingredients were introduced into the formulation of the model body balms. The antioxidant and physicochemical properties of the obtained emulsions as well as the skin hydration after their application were evaluated. It has been shown that the introduction of solid plant particles increases the antioxidant properties of the emulsions and significantly improves emulsion stability and skin moisture after application.

scholarly journals The Role of Cultivation Systems in Quality Sugar Beet Production

2005 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Kinga Diána Ungai ◽  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Production System ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Saccharose Content

Producing sugar beet, as it is a demanding field crop, has contributed to the raising standard of plant production. It has an outstanding place among the plants that are cultivated in the intensive plant production system. Rentability of sugar manufacture is determined by the stability of yield and the quality (saccharose content) of sugar beet. In this way, the fundamental interest both of the producers and the processing industry is high yield and quality, year by year. The yield and the quality of the sugar beet are mainly determined by the plant production system, so we studied the effect of fertilization, irrigation and plant protection.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves: Optimization, mechanism, and antioxidant activity in vitro

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 8060-8081
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
Jianjun Wu ◽  
Juan Qi ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Yongju Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phyllostachys Heterocycla

Flavonoids were extracted from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves by adopting microwave-assisted extraction technology. Based on the single factor experiment and Plackett-Burman design results, the extraction process of flavonoids was further optimized using the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were as follows: an ethanol concentration of 78.1%, an extraction time of 24.9 min, and a microwave power of 559 W. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of flavonoids was 4.67%, which was in close proximity to the predicted value (4.70%) and higher than the extraction yield from traditional Soxhlet extraction (3.35%). Moreover, the possible extraction mechanisms of these two extraction methods were further derived to explain why the microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids was more efficient compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction. Ultimately, the antioxidant activities in vitro of flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves were evaluated via DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. The flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves exhibited excellent antioxidant activities in vitro and Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves could be a new natural source for developing antioxidants. Overall, the findings of this research could provide a theoretical reference for the further comprehensive development and utilization of bamboo resources.

scholarly journals Effects of microwave and ultrasound on the extraction of pectin and its chemical characterisation of banana (Musa sapientum L.) peels

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2030-2036
Author(s):  
A. Phaiphan ◽  
S. Churat ◽  
T. Dougta ◽  
P. Wichalin ◽  
W. Khanchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Degree Of Esterification ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
High Level

Pectin is a polysaccharide that is widely used as a food additive in food industries. Banana peels that are discarded by vendors after processing bananas for food products contain a high level of pectin. The pectin can be extracted from the plant cell walls whereas the conventional method for extraction would normally take some time to get a high yield. This research was conducted to explore the effects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the extraction of pectin and its chemical characteristics found in banana peels. For MAE, the effects of microwave power and extraction time on the yield and quality of extracted pectin was studied. It was found that the pectin yield and chemical characteristics increased with the increase of microwave power and extraction time. The percentage yield ranged from 20.93% to 22.91% for microwave power of 300 W for 5-15 mins. The moisture, ash, degree of esterification, methoxyl, and galacturonic content of extracted pectin by MAE had 8.98%, 5.40%, 75.50%, 12.00%, and 57.80%, respectively. For UAE, the effects of temperature and sonication time on the pectin yield and quality of the extracted pectin were also studied. The pectin yields ranged from 1.81% to 3.49% and the moisture, ash, degree of esterification, methoxyl, and galacturonic content of extracted pectin by UAE had 8.00%, 3.39%, 88.83%, 14.50%, and 90.07%, respectively. Although the use of MAE promoted a high pectin yield it had a lower purity level when compared to UAE. Besides, the chemical characteristics of the extracted pectin by UAE is more comparable with commercial citrus pectin than the pectin extracted by MAE.

scholarly journals Deficiencies in the reporting quality of RCTs in neurosurgery: How can we do better?

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S12-S12
Author(s):  
A Mansouri ◽  
B Cooper ◽  
S Shin ◽  
D Kondziolka
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Allocation Concealment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Design Factors

Background: Deficiencies in design and reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) limit their validity. The quality of recent RCTs in neurosurgery was analyzed to assess adequacy of design and reporting. Methods: A high-yield search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (2000-present) was conducted. The CONSORT and Jadad scales were used to assess the quality of design/reporting. A PRECIS-based scale was used to designate studies on the pragmatic-explanatory continuum. Spearman’s test was used to assess correlations. Regression analysis was used to assess associations. Results: Sixty-one articles were identified. Vascular was the most common sub-specialty (37%). The median CONSORT and Jadad scores were 36 (IQR 27.5-39) and 3 (IQR 2-3). Blinding, sample size calculation and allocation concealment were most deficiently reported. The quality of reporting did not correlate with the study impact. The majority of studies (83%) had pragmatic objectives; while pragmatic studies had compatible design factors, trials with explanatory objectives were less successful. Conclusions: The prevalence and quality of neurosurgical RCTs is low. Many study designs are not compatible with stated objectives. Given the role of RCTs as one of the highest levels of evidence, it is critical to improve on their methodology and reporting. Alternative methodologies merit discussion.

scholarly journals Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from Gracilaria lemaneiformis

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Qiong Xiao ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Jiabin Zhang ◽  
Yonghui Zhang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Agar Quality

Optimizing the alkali treatment process alone without tracking the changes of algae and agar quality with each pretreatment process will not achieve the optimal agar yield and final quality. In this study, we monitored the changes of the morphology and weight of algae with each treatment process, and comprehensively analyzed the effects of each pretreatment process on the quality of agar by combining the changes of the physicochemical properties of agar. In conventional alkali-extraction technology, alkali treatment (7%, w/v) alone significantly reduced the weight of algae (52%), but hindered the dissolution of algae, resulting in a lower yield (4%). Acidification could solve the problem of algal hardening after alkali treatment to improve the yield (12%). In enzymatic extraction technology, agar with high purity cannot be obtained by enzyme treatment alone, but low gel strength (405 g/cm2) and high sulfate content (3.4%) can be obtained by subsequent acidification and bleaching. In enzyme-assisted extraction technology, enzyme damage to the surface fiber of algae promoted the penetration of low-concentration alkali (3%, w/v), which ensured a high desulfurization efficiency and a low gel degradation rate, thus improving yield (24.7%) and gel strength (706 g/cm2), which has the potential to replace the traditional alkali-extraction technology.

scholarly journals The Role of Rehabilitation in Peripheral Paralysis of the Facial Nerve: A Case Report of a Patient Treated with a Neuro-Cognitive Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mariaconsiglia Calabrese ◽  
M. Ciriello ◽  
Mariaconsiglia Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
The Face ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Functional Components

Peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve is a pathology that, although not involves any risks for the patient's life, significantly affects not only motor, but also communicative, psychological, and social aspects, having an important impact on the quality of life. The most widely used therapeutic proposals do not always respond to the need to intervene on all the functional components related to the facial nerve, but to prevent and treat complications. The neuro-cognitive proposal, although not found in the literature or in the biomedical databases, takes into account the motor, communicative, verbal and non-verbal functions related to facial mimic, as well as the cognitive-exploratory function of some districts of the face and intervenes following the phases of nervous recovery limiting an abnormal reinnervation. The case reported concerns a patient with a paralysis caused by surgical removal of acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma), with grade III on the House-Brackmann scale, seems to be an example of how an approach of this type is constructed in such a way as to follow the various phases of recovery of the peripheral nerve injury, promoting the recovery of the various functions related to the facial. The patient evaluated with the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) went from 21/100 to 92/100 and did not develop synkinesias after about 5 months of treatment. The neuro-cognitive approach would seem to progressively improve the quality of movement. Moreover, being selective with respect to muscle recruitment and inserted in a functional perspective that respects recovery times, it would seem to limit the appearance of pathological sequelae such as synkinesias and spasms.

scholarly journals Development of management tools in the context of NBIC convergence

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Antonina Pahomova ◽  
Sándor Halász ◽  
Galina Zelenkova ◽  
Alexander Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Hereford Cattle

The greatest success in improving the breeding and productive qualities of Hereford cattle can be achieved through the use of high-value breeding bulls. The role of producers at the modern stages of beef cattle breeding has increased dramatically, so the evaluation of bulls by the quality of offspring has become an important breeding event to improve and create highly productive herds of beef cattle. At the same time, the use of bulls that are predisposed to various diseases or the deterioration of their offspring can cause irreparable negative consequences for beef cattle breeding. In the course of research work in the conditions of the farm, studies were conducted to assess the quality of bulls-producers of the Hereford breed of cattle. Evaluation of Hereford bulls by the quality of offspring in farm conditions will increase the efficiency of herd reproduction technology in beef cattle breeding, allow rational use of bulls, get a high yield of calves (90-95%), organize the accuracy of accounting for the origin of young animals, increase the level of breeding work to improve the productive, breeding qualities of animals and create highly productive herds of Hereford cattle in a shorter time.

scholarly journals Biological Activities and Extraction Technologies of Pheonix dactylifera: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurfatin Nazirah Hamzah ◽  
Sahena Ferdosh ◽  
Md. Zaidul Islam Sarker ◽  
Kashif Ghafoor ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Medical Benefits ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Date palm (Pheonix dactylifera L.) has long been known for its medical benefits. In this review, the therapeutic properties of P. dactylifera are presented in light of the analysis of huge past reviews that reported the bioactivities of both flesh and seed of this fruit. The reported bioactivities of P. dactylifera included antioxidants, anti-cancer, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic properties. This review additionally highlights the extraction technologies (Soxhlet, maceration, heat under reflux, Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and microwave assisted extraction) that were utilized as part of the extraction of P. dactylifera. This is because the quality and amount of the extraction yield depend on the extraction technology used. Accordingly, this review aims for underlining the potentials of P. dactylifera by compiling available data on the bioactivities and extraction technologies used to set the directions for the improvement of future research of this fruit.

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