scholarly journals Effects of microwave and ultrasound on the extraction of pectin and its chemical characterisation of banana (Musa sapientum L.) peels

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2030-2036
Author(s):  
A. Phaiphan ◽  
S. Churat ◽  
T. Dougta ◽  
P. Wichalin ◽  
W. Khanchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Degree Of Esterification ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
High Level

Pectin is a polysaccharide that is widely used as a food additive in food industries. Banana peels that are discarded by vendors after processing bananas for food products contain a high level of pectin. The pectin can be extracted from the plant cell walls whereas the conventional method for extraction would normally take some time to get a high yield. This research was conducted to explore the effects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the extraction of pectin and its chemical characteristics found in banana peels. For MAE, the effects of microwave power and extraction time on the yield and quality of extracted pectin was studied. It was found that the pectin yield and chemical characteristics increased with the increase of microwave power and extraction time. The percentage yield ranged from 20.93% to 22.91% for microwave power of 300 W for 5-15 mins. The moisture, ash, degree of esterification, methoxyl, and galacturonic content of extracted pectin by MAE had 8.98%, 5.40%, 75.50%, 12.00%, and 57.80%, respectively. For UAE, the effects of temperature and sonication time on the pectin yield and quality of the extracted pectin were also studied. The pectin yields ranged from 1.81% to 3.49% and the moisture, ash, degree of esterification, methoxyl, and galacturonic content of extracted pectin by UAE had 8.00%, 3.39%, 88.83%, 14.50%, and 90.07%, respectively. Although the use of MAE promoted a high pectin yield it had a lower purity level when compared to UAE. Besides, the chemical characteristics of the extracted pectin by UAE is more comparable with commercial citrus pectin than the pectin extracted by MAE.

scholarly journals Product Quality of Quercetin Extract From Carica Papaya L Flower by Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Iman Mukhaimin ◽  
Enggar Ayu Saraswati ◽  
Rahma Ajizah ◽  
Meilya Suzan Triyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Group Function ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

These work aims are to determine the best condition extraction and product quality of quercetin from Carica papaya L flowers extract. The extraction of quercetin from Carica papaya L flowers had done by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method.  Dried flowers prepared by cutting into 0,125 mm of particle size. Dried flowers were extracted using methanol 80% (w/w) to determine  influence of solid to liquid, S/L, ratio (1:10, 1:15, 1:20), microwave power (120, 200, 280, 400 W), and extraction time (1-5 minutes) on extraction process. Using the phytochemical test by Mg-HCl-amyl alcohol and UV-Vis spectrophotometer techniques, the quercetin detected by qualitative and quantitative analysis. As a result, the presence of flavonoids detected by the formation of a brownish red-colored flavylium compound.  Increasing extraction time, power, and S/L ratio increased the extraction temperature. Consequently, yield quercetin decreased when the temperature extraction exceeds its temperature degradation. The highest quercetin yield, 0.214%, was detected with solid to liquid ratio (1:15), microwave power (400 Watt), and extraction time (4 minutes). FTIR spectrophotometer technique on the highest yield quercetin proved that have product quality with 91,17% similarity on group function like –OH, C=O, C=C, and C-H with quercetin standard spectrum.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Amplitudo Ultrasonik dan Waktu Ekstraksi Terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Oleoresin Pala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
I Wayan Budiastra ◽  
Sutrisno Suro Mardjan ◽  
Ahmuhardi Abdul Azis
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Derivative Products

Nutmeg oleoresin is one of the nutmeg derivative products with high values produced from the extraction process. The conventional extraction process using maceration takes a long time so that it is less suitable for industries needs. This study aims to examine the UAE direct sonication method for increasing yield and quality of nutmeg eleoresin. Nutmeg with optimal maturity level were harvested, dried and milled into 60 mesh particle size. Nutmeg powder of 200 g was placed in beaker glass filled with etanol 800 ml (material and solvent ratio 1:4) and UAE was carried out using a sonicator with a frequency of 20 kHz and power of 700 W. Four ultrasound amplitude levels (45, 60, 75, 90%) and four levels of extraction time (30, 45, 60, 75 minutes) were taken as UAE treatments. Extraction using maceration at room temperature for 7 hours was done as control.  The results showed that the greater the amplitude of the ultrasound, the higher the yield of nutmeg oleoresin. The longer the extraction time, the higher the yield of nutmeg oleoresin. Ultrasonic assisted extraction can increase nutmeg oleoresin yield by 11 to 52% and faster time (<= 1,25 hour) than maceration extraction method (7 hours).

Comparison on Extraction Yield and Quality of Coix Seed Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2966-2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Nian Xiao ◽  
Ye Guo ◽  
Xing Yi ◽  
Hua Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Coix Seed

The effects of four types of extraction methods on the yield and the quality of coix seed oil were investigated. The extraction yields (EYs) by these methods were: 3.43% (Microwave-assisted extraction, MAE); 2.13% (Ultrasound-assisted extraction, UAE); 1.72% (Aqueous enzymatic extraction, AEE) and 1.29% (Refluxing extraction, RE) respectively. Both the peroxide number and acid value by RE are the highest, while by other methods are almost the same.

scholarly journals Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Peanut Shell Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Da Hye Gam ◽  
Ji Woo Hong ◽  
Jun Hee Kim ◽  
Jin Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Experimental Values

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for simultaneous optimization of dependent variables, including DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI), and collagenase activity inhibition (CAI) of peanut shell extracts. The effects of the main variables including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min, X1), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C, X2), and ethanol concentration (0.0%~99.5%, X3) were optimized. Based on experimental values from each condition, quadratic regression models were derived for the prediction of optimum conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variable was in the range of 0.89~0.96, which demonstrates that the regression model is suitable for the prediction. In predicting optimal UAE conditions based on the superimposing method, extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 36.6 °C, and ethanol concentration of 93.2% were identified. Under these conditions, RSA of 74.9%, TAI of 50.6%, and CAI of 86.8% were predicted, showing good agreement with the experimental values. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that peanut shell extract decreased mRNA levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genes in B16-F0 cell. Therefore, we identified the skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects of peanut shell extracts at protein as well as gene expression levels, and the results show that peanut shell is an effective cosmetic material for skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. Based on this study, peanut shell, which was considered a byproduct, can be used for the development of healthy foods, medicines, and cosmetics.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted extraction of non-polar compounds from pistachio hull and characterization of extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Özbek ◽  
D. Koçak Yanık ◽  
S. Fadıloğlu ◽  
H. Keskin Çavdar ◽  
F. Göğüş
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods were used to obtain non-polar compounds from pistachio hull. MAE parameters (liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were studied to obtain maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions were found to be liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 (v/w), microwave power of 250 W and extraction time of 12.5 min. The extraction yields were 9.81 and 9.50% for MAE and Soxhlet methods, respectively. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tocopherol content of the extract obtained by MAE was found to be significantly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract (p < 0.05). The results showed that the extract contained α-tocopherols (567.65 mg/kg) and oleic acid (48.46%) as the major tocopherols and fatty acids. These findings propose that hull extracts can be considered as a good source of natural bioactive compounds and MAE can be a good alternative to the traditional Soxhlet method.

scholarly journals Stomatal Conductance and Chlorophyll Characteristics and Their Relationship with Yield of Some Cocoa Clones Under Tectona grandis, Leucaena sp., and Cassia surattensis.

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Fakhrusy Zakariyya ◽  
Adi Prawoto
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Cocoa Production

An optimum physiological condition will support high yield and quality of cocoa production. The research was aimed to study the effects of stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content related to cocoa production under three shade regimes.This research was conducted in Kaliwining Experimental Station, elevation of 45 m above sea level with D climate type based on Schmidt & Fergusson. Cocoa trees which were planted in 1994 at a spacing of 3 X 3 m were used in the study planted by using split plot design. The shade tree species were teak (Tectona grandis), krete (Cassiasurattensis), and lamtoro (Leucaena sp.) as the main plots, and cocoa clones of Sulawesi 01,Sulawesi 02, KKM 22 and KW 165 as sub plots. This study showed that there was interaction between cocoa clone and shade species for stomatal conductance where stomatal diffusive resistance of KKM 22 was the best under Leucaena sp.and Cassiasurattensis with the values of 1.38 and 1.34 s.cm -1, respectively. The highest chlorophyll content, stomatal index and transpiration values was under Leucaena sp. shade. There was positive correlation between chlorophyll content and transpiration with pod yield of cocoa. The highest yield and the lowest bean count wereobtainedon Sulawesi 01 clone under Leucaenasp. shade.Keywords: stomatal conductance, transpiration, diffusive resistance, shades trees, clones,pod yield

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER AND COMPOST ON NITRATE STATUS, YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO TUBER UNDER NEWLY RECLAIMED SANDY SOIL

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. EL-SAYED ◽  
A.A. GAHRIB ◽  
Rasha R. EID
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Compost Treatment

This investigation was carried out during the two summer seasons of 2015 and2016 in sandy soil on potato culitvar "Sante" to study the effect of using 100%compost (15 t/fed.) and 50% compost + nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter, andPseudomonas alone or together) on potato yield and quality as compared to theconventional mineral fertilization (120-75-150 kg/fed. NPK + 5 toncompost/fed.(control)). No significant differences in tubers yield/fed. were detectedbetween mineral fertilization (control) and using 100% compost (15t/fed).However, control treatment significantly produced a high yield per feddan,more than using 50% compost + any biofertilizer treatment.Using composttreatment at 15 t/fed.execeed all biofertilizer treatments in marketable yield in bothseasons, but without significant differences as compared with mineral fertilization(control).No significant differences in tuber dray matter and content of starch intuber were found between using compost treatment at 15 ton/fed. and mineralfertilization treatment (control)in both seasons. Nevertheless, application of 50%compost+ 4 applications of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas had the highest tuberconcentrations of starch and nitrogen with significant differences as compared withthe mineral fertilization.Using50% compost + 4 applications of Azotobacter orPseudomonas or both (Azotobacter + Pseudomonas )and application of 100%compost caused producing potato tubers with the lowest concentration of nitratewith significant differences as compared with the mineral fertilization. Nosignificant differences were detected between mineral and organic fertilizersconcerning P and K concentrations in tubers.

scholarly journals CONTENT OF AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND CHANGE OF TENANE IN TEA LEAF IN THE AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мухендис (Mukhendis) Мамедгусейин оглы (Mamedgusejin ogly) Джахангиров (Cahangirov) ◽  
Микаил (Mikail) Акпер оглы (Аkper ogly) Магеррамов (Маharrаmov)
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Leaf Processing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tea Leaf

It was shown that the scent and taste of tea are determined by the level of protein and amino acid. Certainly, protoingens that make up most part of proteins are noted among amino acids. All of them are considered L-shaped. Green tea mostly consists of proteins. Even the high level protein doesn’t adversely impact the quality of tea yet that of black tea might be negatively influenced by that. Also, its taste will also be worsened by that.As a result of analysis 16 amino acids and 8 unsubstituted substance was found. The main part of amino acid is taken by teanin. It take 41.3% of Azerbaijan-1, 38.8% of Kolxida types respectively. In all stages of tea leaf processing the decrease of teanin and increase of glutamin is witnessed. Also, the loss of teanin happens during the purification (by 34%) and the fading stages.As a result of the work carried out, it has been found that the size of the tea leaf particle, the temperature and the extraction time influence the extraction of the theanine. The optimum are: the size of the tea leaf particle is 200–450 mkm, the extraction temperature is 80–85 °C, and the extraction time is 20–25 minutes.

Statistically Designed Extraction of Herbs Using Ultrasound Waves: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwani Arya ◽  
Rubal Chahal ◽  
Arun Nanda ◽  
Deepak Kaushik ◽  
May Bin- Jumah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Published Data ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Waves ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Statistical Designs

Background: Extraction is the foremost step to isolate the natural constituents from a medicinal plant and leads the process of development of herbal formulation from bench to bed. Introduction: In the field of extraction, the optimization approach helps in achieving better yield and quality where a response of concern is determined or influenced by various variables. This review aimed at congregating the application of different statistical designs (CCD/BBD) to optimize the Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) parameters for the recovery of various plant actives belonging to different categories. Methodology: The literature published during last decade in the various reputed databases (Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus) was reviewed and compiled to reveal the role of response surface methodology in optimizing the influential parameters involved in the ultrasound assisted extraction of herbs. Conclusion: From the present investigations, it can be concluded that the different variables such as sonication power, temperature, time, solute to solvent ratio are generally optimized in UAE of herbs. Moreover, it has also been evidenced from the review of published data that the flavonoids/phenolic acids (>50%) leads the race for the extraction of plants using sound waves. It can be said that the statistically designed UAE has vast prospective in bringing about a green mutiny in herbal drug industry and the modeling of various parameters shall be able to absolutely build up a complete drug innovation course (bench to bed).

Protein Extraction from Spirulina platensis by Using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction: Effect of Solvent Types and Extraction Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Kong Sela ◽  
Wiratni Budhijanto ◽  
Arief Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Protein Recovery ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Solvent Volume

Protein is a substantial nutrition that essentially required by human. Spirulina platensis (Spp), well known as protein source could be a significant source to be used for many industrial applications. This study was investigated the effectiveness of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) method for protein extraction from Spp at various composition of solvent mixture and extraction time. Ethanol and mixture of methanol-ethanol were used as solvent. Extraction was conducted by varying ratios of solvent to biomass at 10:1, 12.5:1, and 15:1 (v/w), and extraction time (20, 35, and 50 min). Optimum protein recovery from dry Spp was 42.55 ± 0.43% obtained by using 20 ml of the mixture of methanol and ethanol at 50 min of extraction time. This study also conducted that mixture of methanol and ethanol was a better solvent on improving the ultrasound assisted extraction, as indicated by high protein recovery with less amount of solvent volume used.

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