Know-How and Experience of the Decommissioning of the Eurochemic Reprocessing Plant

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Notelteirs ◽  
B. Ooms ◽  
T. Huys
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Concrete Objects ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Reprocessing Plant ◽  
Looking Back

Belgoprocess started the industrial decommissioning of the main process building of the former Eurochemic reprocessing plant in 1987. In 2008 the eastern part was torn down and in 2010 the central part of the building was removed. The demolition of the third and last part is planned in 2014. At that point the area will be restored to brown field conditions. During the 25 years of decommissioning the Eurochemic installations a lot of effort has been invested in improving the efficiency. The Belgian decommissioning policy is based on maximizing effort for decontamination with the goal of unconditional release and minimization of nuclear waste. As a result a number of installations have been implemented that reduce the processing costs, increase the output of decontamination and increase the speed of release measurements. • The abrasive blasting installation is used to remove a thin layer from metal components and concrete objects. • The concrete crushing and sampling installation is used as the final measurement before unconditional release of concrete debris. • The concrete spec installation is used to separate the contaminated part from the non contaminated part of concrete debris. As the end of the decommissioning project is approaching the time is right to look back and evaluate the course of the project. Looking back what were the key decisions during the project, what were important milestones and what could or should have been done differently knowing what we know now.

Experimental Behavior of Masonry Vaults Strengthened with Thin Extradoxal or Intradoxal Layer of Fiber Reinforced Lime Mortar

2017 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalino Gattesco ◽  
Ingrid Boem ◽  
Alessandra Gubana ◽  
Davide Menegon ◽  
Norman Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Horizontal Load ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Cyclic Tests ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Loading Patterns ◽  
Masonry Vaults

The results of a first experimental research program on masonry vaults strengthened by means of GFRP meshes embedded in a thin layer of lime mortar, are herein presented. The tests were designed to reproduce the pattern of a transversal horizontal load proportional to the vault self-weight. The typical simplified loading patterns generally used for the experimental tests concern concentrated vertical loads at the crown section or at 1/4 of the span, but some numerical investigations evidenced that these configurations are not able to reproduce the actual behavior and the effectiveness of the reinforcement. So a specific rig was designed to apply the horizontal load pattern.Solid brick masonry barrel vaults were considered (thickness 120 mm, arch span 4000 mm, arch rise/radius = 0.75). Three quasi-static cyclic tests were performed: the first concerned an unreinforced vault, the second a vault reinforced at the extrados through the application of a mortar coating reinforced with a GFRP mesh and the third reinforced at the intrados surface with the same technique. The experimental results demonstrated the technique effectiveness and the important increment of ductility of the vaults.

scholarly journals A new motivation: the television in the school

Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Luisa Fernandes-Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
World Today ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Excessive Consumption

The present article is about the presence of the tv in the society, in general, and its potential as an important agent, such as the family and the school, on the children’s and young people’s development and education. Nowadays we live in a complex world of images with sound, the most of them transmitted by the tv, the cinema and the internet. The infantile universe is full of those images. This way we structured this article in four parts, refering some of the contents related with this subject. The first part describes the presence of the television in the children's daylife and their relationship with the magic box, even the identification that they make with its favourites characters, in order to understand the space that the TV occupies in their lives. The second part presents the different messages transmitted by the television. It is important to analyze the main risks and advantages of television, that is to say, in spite of some programs show bad values, foment the excessive consumption, expose the children to an atmosphere of violence and pornography, also entertains, accompanies, educates, informs, favours the access to the culture and allows to unite the family around a program. At last the third part, this one outlines the necessity to put the tele as a curricular resource in the school, to teaches the students how to analyze, how to criticize and to think about the texts and the news of the world today. The television, considered a powerful tool, is decisive in the communication, such in the formation of values and ideas as in the culture transmission. The function of the school is not to remain far from this factor, but to try to meditate, to understand and to decide its impact, in a better way, on the development of the children and youngs. As conclusion we can add that we’ve tried to aim some strategies that educators and parents will be able to work, united to the children and the youngs, so they could have a new look of the Tv’s world and that they could know how to make their own selection and how to have a critical attitude before the watched product.La presente comunicación se refiere a la presencia de la tele en la sociedad en general y a su potencial como agente importante de formación y educación, junto con la escuela y la familia, en la vida de los niños y de los jóvenes. Actualmente vivimos inmersos en un mundo complejo de imágenes con sonido, que recibimos muy especialmente a través de la tele, del cine y de Internet, los cuales hacen parte del cotidiano del universo infantil. Así, a fin de organizar algunos de los contenidos desde los que es posible enfocar el tema, estructuramos este artículo en cuatro partes. La primera parte describe la presencia de la tele a diario de los niños y su relación con la caja mágica, incluso la identificación que hacen de sus personajes favoritos, a fin de comprender el espacio que ocupa la tele en su cotidianidad. La segunda parte presenta los distintos mensajes transmitidos por la tele. Es importante analizar las principales riesgos y ventajes de la televisión, o sea, a pesar de algunos programas muestran antivalores de la tele: fomentar excesivamente el consumo, exponer a los niños a un ambiente de violencia y pornografía también entretiene, acompaña, educa, informa, favorece el acceso a la cultura y permite unir a la familia en torno a un programa. Cuanto a la tercera parte, plantea la necesidad de incorporar la tele como recurso curricular en la escuela, para que enseñe a los alumnos a analizar crítica y reflexivamente los textos mediáticos. La televisión es considerada como una herramienta poderosa, determinante en la comunicación, tanto en la formación de valores e ideas, como en la transmisión de cultura; la función de la escuela no es permanecer ajena a este factor, pero procurar reflexionar para comprender y decidir mejor su impacto en el desarrollo de los niños y jóvenes. Como conclusión podemos añadir que hemos tratado de apuntar algunas estrategias que educadores y padres podrán trabajar junto con los niños y los jóvenes, para que éstes tengan una nueva mirada del mundo de la tele y para que sepan hacer su propia selección y tener una actitud crítica ante el producto visionado.

Now, the paragraph by paragraph consideration will recommence. • Lord Bridge observes that the contract in question is not a consumer contract but ‘any other contract’: This information is obtained by a careful reading of s 55(4) plus knowledge of what a consumer sale is; look back at Figure 4.16 and re-read s 55(4). As for consumer contract recall the phrase as it was referred to in Chapter 3 when UCTA 1977 was dissected. This contract is commercial not consumer and therefore falls under the second heading in s 55(4). • Lord Bridge further observes that cl 3 of the relevant condition exempts the seller from liability for breach of ss 13 and 14 of the Sale of Goods Act. This is a good example of the need to have an active dialogue with the text. Clause 3 is the third sentence of the relevant condition and the relevant condition is the condition limiting liability. How is this known? Because on p 310 Lord Bridge states (para 2 (see précis above)): issues arise from three sentences in the conditions of sale. These are set out and identified. He states he will call this the relevant condition, and will call each sentence a clause, so cll 1, 2, 3. See also Figure 4.15, above. • Lord Bridge goes on to say that ss 13 and 14 provide that: items sold by description should correspond to the description; items sold should be of merchantable quality, and that cll 1 and 2 substitute for the full protection of the legislation the limited obligation to replace seeds or refund price of seeds. • Lord Bridge sums up that the statutory issue depends on whether cll 1 and 2 are ‘fair and reasonable’ according to the criteria as set out in s 55(4) and (5). • Lord Bridge gives some general guidelines about how the judiciary should respond to the powers given to it in s 55. Students may be tempted to skip over this paragraph, but valuable information is given concerning judicial interpretation of statutes. One of the reasons that the case is important is that for the first time the House of Lords is being asked to consider a modern statutory provision that gives the court power to decide to override contractual provisions limiting or excluding liability that have been agreed between the parties at

2012 ◽  
pp. 109-109
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
The Third ◽  
Statutory Provision ◽  
Relevant Condition ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
Look Back ◽  
First Time ◽  
Full Protection

Nihilism, metaphysical

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Coggins
Keyword(s):  
Ontological Argument ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
Concrete Objects

Metaphysical nihilism is an answer to the question ‘could there have been nothing?’ In recent analytic philosophy this tends to be interpreted as ‘could there have been no concrete objects?’ There are three ways of answering this question. The first is metaphysical nihilism, which answers in the affirmative: ‘there could have been nothing’. The second and third answers give negative replies. The second answer is based on the ontological argument for the existence of God. This argument leads us to claim that there is a necessarily existing object. If there is one object which must exist, then there could not have been nothing, there had to be this one object. The third answer also claims that there could not have been nothing but does not rely on the existence of a necessary object. This view is that whilst there had to be something, there is no one particular object which had to exist.

Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging (FOWLP) of Large Chip with Multiple Redistribution Layers (RDLs)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lau ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Nelson Fan ◽  
Eric Kuah ◽  
Zhang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Glass Wafer ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Molding Compound ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wafer Level Packaging ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Solder Balls ◽  
Test Package

This study is for fan-out wafer-level packaging with chip-first (die face-up) formation. Chips with Cu contact-pads on the front side and a die attach film on the backside are picked and placed face-up on a temporary-glass-wafer carrier with a thin layer of light-to-heat conversion material. It is followed by compression molding with an epoxy molding compound (EMC) and a post-mold cure on the reconstituted wafer carrier and then backgrinding the molded EMC to expose the Cu contact-pads of the chips. The next step is to build up the redistribution layers (RDLs) from the Cu contact-pads and then mount the solder balls. This is followed by the debonding of the carrier with a laser and then the dicing of the whole reconstituted wafer into individual packages. A 300-mm reconstituted wafer with a package/die ratio = 1.8 and a die-top EMC cap = 100 μm has also been fabricated (a total of 325 test packages on the reconstituted wafer). This test package has three RDLs; the line width/spacing of the first RDL is 5 μm/5 μm, of the second RDL is 10 μm/10 μm, and of the third RDL is 15 μm/15 μm. The dielectric layer of the RDLs is fabricated with a photosensitive polyimide and the conductor layer of the RDLs is fabricated by electrochemical Cu deposition (ECD).

scholarly journals Sign in Elementary Analytical Geometry

1921 ◽  
Vol 10 (155) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
F. G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Analytical Geometry ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
Perpendicular Distance ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Coordinate Geometry

The question of sign constitutes a real difficulty to the intelligent boy at the outset of his study of Coordinate Geometry. At the beginning of his Trigonometry he is told OP must be considered always positive, but later on he will find some authorities giving a point in the third quadrant as ( - r, θ), while others prefer (r, θ + π). The perpendicular distance of (h, k) from ax + by + c = 0 is given by ± (ah + bk +c)/(a2 + b2)½, and sign seems to matter, but usually the pupil is told that he only wants to know how far off (h, k) is, and he is advised to stick to the absolute value. But a little later on he wants the equations of the bisectors of the angles between two given lines, and then he is blamed for not remembering that signs matter a good deal.

Coping Better with the Project´s Unknown Unknowns

2020 ◽  
pp. 1419-1440
Author(s):  
Yvonne-Gabriele Schoper ◽  
Fritz Böhle ◽  
Eckhard Heidling
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Influencing Parameters ◽  
And Mathematics

It is the goal of management to overcome and delete uncertainty. Uncertainty is seen as an obstacle and threat for successful management. However projects are full of uncertainty. Successful project management therefore aims to overcome and ideally delete uncertainty as far as possible. In project management, uncertainty and risk are often used synonymously. Current project management methodology contains only technics how to manage risk in projects. The assessment of risks is based on the precondition of stable conditions and the idea that the influencing parameters are known, assessable and calculable. Since more than 2,000 years it is the aim of the Western cultures to master the nature by natural sciences and mathematics. In the last three centuries of Modern Philosophy the perspective developed that analytical scientific know how (episteme) and technical skills (techne) can master any kind of complexity and risk. The third traditional Aristotelian competence, the practical wisdom (phronesis) however was perceived as not acknowledgeable.

Irving, John

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Champion
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Personal History ◽  
The Novel ◽  
John Irving ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Popular Novel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Back

A major American writer, John Irving has published many novels, several of which have been adapted for film. His most popular novel is The World According to Garp, which has become both a popular and a cult classic. He is often compared to Charles Dickens, an author he admires. His novels are often political and take liberal views, confronting issues such as abortion rights, LGBT rights, and antiwar sentiments. His characters are not shy about sex and often begin sexual encounters at a young age. Major themes and subjects in his novels include the search for the father, the search for identity, looking back at one’s life, searching for one’s personal history, the difference between memory and truth, and unconventional lifestyles. The settings of his novels vary, and sometimes his characters travel both nationally and internationally. Many of his novels have been adapted for film, and he wrote screenplays for some of them. Irving became a household name in 1978, with the publication of The World According to Garp. Irving is well known for his dark sense of humor and sometimes absurd situations in which he places his characters. Many of his protagonists are older men who look back on their childhoods or adolescents who develop into men over the course of the novel. The relationship between memory and fact is often blurred as one’s memory of events trumps the actual events. Most of Irving’s protagonists are males who do not come from traditional families.

scholarly journals Introduction: Looking Back to Look Forward

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Margaret P. Karns
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
First Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Member States ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Looking Back

The seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of the United Nations in 1945 invites us to look back at the achievement of creating this new organization even before the guns had fallen silent in World War II. It also prompts us to ask: Where is the organization today? How well has it fulfilled and is it still fulfilling the high ideals of its Charter? Even more importantly, how confident can we be that what has grown into the complex UN system will not just survive but also provide its member states and the peoples of the world with the organizational structures, resources, and tools needed to address twenty-first century challenges?

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