Testing and Qualification of Diverse Safety Rod and Its Drive Mechanism for PFBR

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vijayashree ◽  
R. Veerasamy ◽  
Sudheer Patri ◽  
S. Suresh Kumar ◽  
S. C. S. P. Kumar Krovvidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Functional Testing ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Active Core ◽  
Drop Time

PFBR, India’s first commercial fast breeder reactor employing fast fission is a challenging project from technological point of view to meet the energy security of the country. It is currently under advanced stage of construction at Kalpakkam, India. PFBR is equipped with two independent, fast acting and diverse shutdown systems. A shutdown system comprises of sensors, logic circuits, drive mechanisms and neutron absorbing rods. The absorber rods of the second shutdown system of PFBR are called as Diverse Safety rods (DSR) and their drive mechanisms are called as Diverse Safety Rod Drive Mechanisms (DSRDM). DSR are normally parked above active core by DSRDM. On receiving scram signal, Electromagnet of DSRDM is de-energised and it facilitates fast shutdown of the reactor by dropping the DSR in to the active core. For the prototype development of DSR and DSRDM, three phases of testing namely individual component testing, integrated functional testing in room temperature and endurance testing at high temperature sodium were planned and are being done. The electromagnet of DSRDM operates at high temperature sodium environment continuously. It has been separately tested at room temperature, in furnace and in sodium. Specimens simulating the contact conditions between Electromagnet and armature of DSR have been tested to rule out self welding possibility. The Dashpot provided to decelerate the DSR at the end of its free fall has been initially tested in water and then in sodium. The prototype of DSR has been tested in flowing water to determine the pressure drop and drop time. The functional testing of the integrated prototype DSRDM and DSR in aligned and misaligned conditions in air/water has been completed. The performance testing of the integrated system in sodium has been done in three campaigns. Based on the performance testing in the first two campaigns of sodium testing, design modifications and manufacturing quality improvement were done. Methods of drop time measurement based on ultrasonics and acoustics were also developed along with the first two campaigns. During the third campaign of sodium testing, the performance of the system has been verified with 30 mm misalignment at various temperatures. The third campaign has qualified the system for 10 years of operation in reactor. This paper describes the test setup for all the above mentioned testing and also gives typical test results.

Design, Development, Testing and Qualification of Diverse Safety Rod and Its Drive Mechanism for a Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vijayashree ◽  
R. Veerasamy ◽  
Sudheer Patri ◽  
P. Chellapandi ◽  
G. Vaidyanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Functional Testing ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactor ◽  
Design Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Active Core ◽  
Endurance Testing ◽  
Under Construction

Prototype fast breeder reactor is U–PuO2 fueled sodium cooled pool type fast reactor and it is currently under construction at Kalpakkam, India. Prototype fast breeder reactor is equipped with two independent fast acting and diverse shutdown systems. A shutdown system comprises of sensors, logic circuits, drive mechanisms, and neutron absorbing rods. The two shutdown systems of prototype fast breeder reactor are capable of bringing down the reactor to cold shutdown state independent of the other. The absorber rods of the second shutdown system of prototype fast breeder reactor are called as diverse safety rods (DSRs) and their drive mechanisms are called as diverse safety rod drive mechanisms (DSRDMs). DSRs are normally parked above active core by DSRDMs. On receiving scram signal, the electromagnet of DSRDM is de-energized and it facilitates fast shutdown of the reactor by dropping the DSR into the active core. For the development of prototypes of DSR and DSRDM, three phases of testing, namely, individual component testing, integrated functional testing in room temperature, and endurance testing at high temperature sodium, were done. The electromagnet of DSRDM has been separately tested at room temperature, in furnace, and in sodium. Specimens simulating the contact conditions between electromagnet and armature of DSR have been tested to rule out self-welding possibility. The prototype of DSR has been tested in flowing water to determine the pressure drop and drop time. The functional testing of the integrated prototype DSRDM and DSR in aligned and misaligned conditions in air/water has been completed. The performance testing of the integrated system in sodium has been done in three campaigns. During the third campaign of sodium testing, the performance of the system has been verified with 30 mm misalignment at various temperatures. The third campaign has qualified the system for 10 years of operation in reactor. This paper presents design, development, testing, and qualification of the prototype DSR and DSRDM. Salient design specifications for both DSRDM and DSR are listed initially. The conceptual and detailed design features are explained with the help of figures. Details on material of construction are given at appropriate places. Test plans and criteria for endurance testing in sodium for qualification of DSRDM and DSR for operation in reactor are briefed. Brief explanation of test setups and typical test results are also given.

Application of Acoustic Technique for Surveillance and Anomaly Detection in LMFBRs

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Prakash ◽  
M. Anandaraj ◽  
M. Thirumalai ◽  
P. Kalyanasundaram ◽  
G. Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactor ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Acoustic Technique ◽  
Drop Time

Acoustic techniques find wide application in Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors (LMFBRs) for ensuring its high reliability, safety and plant availability. Various surveillance methods based on acoustic technique can be employed in these reactors to detect deviations from normal operating conditions. This could be used for the measurement of drop time of Diverse Safety Rods (DSRs) in the core, detection of in-sodium water leaks in Steam Generators, cavitation detection in sodium pumps and reactor core components. An active R&D program is being pursued in these areas at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research. Acoustic measurement technique has been used to determine the drop time of Diverse Safety Rods in sodium. 3 nos of Diverse Safety Rods (DSRs) are provided in Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) for its safe shut down in case of a SCRAM. An online drop time measurement system using acoustic technique is planned to detect the proper insertion of DSRs into their corresponding Subassemblies. Experiments were conducted during the performance testing of DSRs in sodium using accelerometer instrumented wave-guide system and free fall time and braking time of DSR have been measured. For detection of in-sodium water leaks in Steam Generators, acoustic method serves as a supplementary monitoring technique with an intermediate sensitivity and instantaneous response. To develop an acoustic leak detection system for Steam Generators of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, preliminary studies on the behavior of micro leak and its propagation has been carried out in Sodium Water Reaction Test Rig, injecting steam into sodium. Acoustic technique was employed to characterize the onset of leak. Cavitation in LMFBRs can occur in fuel subassemblies, pressure drop devices, pumps etc. It is important to minimize cavitation to reduce the risk of damage from erosion. Acoustic technique was extensively used in qualifying Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor components against cavitation phenomenon. This paper discusses the various experiments carried out towards the development of the acoustic surveillance methods for FBRs, instrumentation involved, results obtained from experiments and brief details of the future programme.

ABOUT HEAT CAPACITY OF TITANIUM CARBIDE TiCx

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
I. Khidirov ◽  
V. V. Getmanskiy ◽  
A. S. Parpiev ◽  
Sh. A. Makhmudov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Thermal Excitation

This work relates to the field of thermophysical parameters of refractory interstitial alloys. The isochoric heat capacity of cubic titanium carbide TiCx has been calculated within the Debye approximation in the carbon concentration  range x = 0.70–0.97 at room temperature (300 K) and at liquid nitrogen temperature (80 K) through the Debye temperature established on the basis of neutron diffraction analysis data. It has been found out that at room temperature with decrease of carbon concentration the heat capacity significantly increases from 29.40 J/mol·K to 34.20 J/mol·K, and at T = 80 K – from 3.08 J/mol·K to 8.20 J/mol·K. The work analyzes the literature data and gives the results of the evaluation of the high-temperature dependence of the heat capacity СV of the cubic titanium carbide TiC0.97 based on the data of neutron structural analysis. It has been proposed to amend in the Neumann–Kopp formula to describe the high-temperature dependence of the titanium carbide heat capacity. After the amendment, the Neumann–Kopp formula describes the results of well-known experiments on the high-temperature dependence of the heat capacity of the titanium carbide TiCx. The proposed formula takes into account the degree of thermal excitation (a quantized number) that increases in steps with increasing temperature.The results allow us to predict the thermodynamic characteristics of titanium carbide in the temperature range of 300–3000 K and can be useful for materials scientists.

Nanocomposite Polyurethane Foams Via POSS Blends

2002 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock McCabe ◽  
Steven Nutt ◽  
Brent Viers ◽  
Tim Haddad
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Polyurethane Resin ◽  
Military Development

AbstractPolyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxane molecules have been incorporated into a commercial polyurethane formulation to produce nanocomposite polyurethane foam. This tiny POSS silica molecule has been used successfully to enhance the performance of polymer systems using co-polymerization and blend strategies. In our investigation, we chose a high-temperature MDI Polyurethane resin foam currently used in military development projects. For the nanofiller, or “blend”, Cp7T7(OH)3 POSS was chosen. Structural characterization was accomplished by TEM and SEM to determine POSS dispersion and cell morphology, respectively. Thermal behavior was investigated by TGA. Two methods of TEM sample preparation were employed, Focused Ion Beam and Ultramicrotomy (room temperature).

FANSTEEL 85 METAL

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract FANSTEEL 85 METAL is a columbium-base alloy characterized by good fabricability at room temperature, good weldability and a good combination of creep strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. Its applications include missile and rocket components and many other high-temperature parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cb-7. Producer or source: Fansteel Metallurgical Corporation. Originally published December 1963, revised June 1981.

MAGNESIUM AZ31B

Alloy Digest ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Wrought Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Metal Products

Abstract Magnesium AZ31B is a general purpose wrought magnesium alloy for room temperature service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive, shear, and bearing strength as well as creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Mg-53. Producer or source: The Dow Metal Products Company.

Mechanical Alloying Behavior in the Nb-Si, Ta-Si, and Nb-Ta-Si Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kumar ◽  
S. K. Mannan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Crystalline Compound ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase

ABSTRACTThe mechanical alloying behavior of elemental powders in the Nb-Si, Ta-Si, and Nb-Ta-Si systems was examined via X-ray diffraction. The line compounds NbSi2 and TaSi2 form as crystalline compounds rather than amorphous products, but Nb5Si3 and Ta5Si3, although chemically analogous, respond very differently to mechanical milling. The Ta5Si3 composition goes directly from elemental powders to an amorphous product, whereas Nb5Si3 forms as a crystalline compound. The Nb5Si3 compound consists of both the tetragonal room-temperature α phase (c/a = 1.8) and the tetragonal high-temperature β phase (c/a = 0.5). Substituting increasing amounts of Ta for Nb in Nb5Si3 initially stabilizes the α-Nb5Si3 structure preferentially, and subsequently inhibits the formation of a crystalline compound.

scholarly journals Room-temperature oxygen vacancy migration induced reversible phase transformation during the anelastic deformation in CuO

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Guoxujia Chen ◽  
He Zheng ◽  
Weiwei Meng ◽  
Shuangfeng Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Superconductivity ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
Vacancy Migration ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Anelastic Deformation ◽  
Reversible Phase

AbstractFrom the mechanical perspectives, the influence of point defects is generally considered at high temperature, especially when the creep deformation dominates. Here, we show the stress-induced reversible oxygen vacancy migration in CuO nanowires at room temperature, causing the unanticipated anelastic deformation. The anelastic strain is associated with the nucleation of oxygen-deficient CuOx phase, which gradually transforms back to CuO after stress releasing, leading to the gradual recovery of the nanowire shape. Detailed analysis reveals an oxygen deficient metastable CuOx phase that has been overlooked in the literatures. Both theoretical and experimental investigations faithfully predict the oxygen vacancy diffusion pathways in CuO. Our finding facilitates a better understanding of the complicated mechanical behaviors in materials, which could also be relevant across multiple scientific disciplines, such as high-temperature superconductivity and solid-state chemistry in Cu-O compounds, etc.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Organic Ligands via Reactions of 4-Benzoyl-5-phenylamino-2,3-dihydrothiophene-2,3-dione with N-Nucleophiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hassan Kabirifard ◽  
Pardis Hafez Taghva ◽  
Hossein Teimouri ◽  
Niloofar Koosheshi ◽  
Parastoo Javadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Primary Aromatic Amines

The reaction of 4-benzoyl-5-phenylamino-2,3-dihydrothiophene-2,3-dione (1) with aminoheteroaryls, lamotrigine, 1,3-diaminoheteroaryls, dapsone, NH2R (hydroxylamine, DL-1-phenylethylamine, and metformin), and 4,4′-bipyridine in THF/H2O (1 : 1) at room temperature led to 3-N-phenylthiocarbamoyl-2-butenamides 2–5, while that with naphthylamines and 1,3-phenylenediamine in ethanol at high temperature led to 5-phenylamino-2,5-dihydrothiophene-2-ones 6–8 as organic ligands in the medium to good yields. These showed the nucleophilic attacks of N-nucleophiles, except primary aromatic amines, on thioester carboxyl group (C-2) of thiophene-2,3-dione ring 1. However, the nucleophilic attacks of primary aromatic amines on the carbonyl group (C-3) of thiophene-2,3-dione 1 occurred in the form of substituted thiophenes.

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