Investigation of Elliptical Cooling Channels for a Naval Electromagnetic Railgun

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Kealey ◽  
Peter J. Joyce ◽  
Martin Cerza ◽  
Andrew N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Structural Aspect ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Elliptical Cross ◽  
Cooling Channels

Elliptical cross sections were examined for the design of cooling channels subject to biaxial and uniaxial compressive loading conditions based on an Electromagnetic (EM) Railgun. Elliptical shapes were considered due to the high surface area available for convection, relatively low impact on the stress distribution, and low stress concentration effect. The heat transfer capability of elliptical channels is maximized based on the applied heat flux and given flow conditions, by treating the channel as a variable area fin and varying the major and minor axis of the elliptical cross-section channel as well as the distance between channels. The optimal channel shape is further constrained by the applied compressive stresses. In order to test the thermal aspect of the design, a representative set of channels were machined into 1/3 scale copper rails using wire EDM. Tests were performed using a steady state heat flux to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient in order to verify the thermal calculations. In order to verify the structural aspect of the design, a numerical study of the stress concentration factors was performed. The results of both the thermal testing and numerical study were found to be in reasonable agreement with the prediction results.

scholarly journals Numerical Study on Transient Heat Transfer of a Quartz Lamp Heating System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yu ◽  
Pingjian Ming ◽  
Song Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Finite Volume Method ◽  
Finite Volume ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Aerodynamic Heating ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Volume Method

Thermal ground testing is an accepted and frequently used method for simulating the aerodynamic heating of high speed flight vehicles. A numerical method based on a finite volume method for a quartz lamp heating system, used in thermal testing, is proposed. In this study, the unstructured finite-volume method (UFVM) for radiation has been formulated and implemented in a fluid flow solver GTEA on unstructured grids. For comparison and validation of the proposed method, a 2D furnace with cooling pipes was chosen. The results obtained from the proposed FVM agreed well with the exact solutions. Numerical results show that the quartz lamp can be simplified as a slat with the same temperature radiation source, and a simplified 2D thermal testing case was then simulated with the coupling effects of radiation, convection, and conduction heat transfer. Different temperature loading curves and ratios of intervals between the lamps and lamp length (l/s) were studied using the proposed method. The radiation heat flux on the metal surface was a wave-shaped curve. Comparing the different interval ratios, we found that the smaller the interval ratio, the larger the maximum value and the smaller the difference between the maximum and minimum heat flux.

scholarly journals Pool Boiling of Nanofluids on Biphilic Surfaces: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Eduardo Freitas ◽  
Pedro Pontes ◽  
Ricardo Cautela ◽  
Vaibhav Bahadur ◽  
João Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Pool Boiling ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Gold Silver

This study addresses the combination of customized surface modification with the use of nanofluids, to infer on its potential to enhance pool-boiling heat transfer. Hydrophilic surfaces patterned with superhydrophobic regions were developed and used as surface interfaces with different nanofluids (water with gold, silver, aluminum and alumina nanoparticles), in order to evaluate the effect of the nature and concentration of the nanoparticles in bubble dynamics and consequently in heat transfer processes. The main qualitative and quantitative analysis was based on extensive post-processing of synchronized high-speed and thermographic images. To study the nucleation of a single bubble in pool boiling condition, a numerical model was also implemented. The results show an evident benefit of using biphilic patterns with well-established distances between the superhydrophobic regions. This can be observed in the resulting plot of the dissipated heat flux for a biphilic pattern with seven superhydrophobic spots, δ = 1/d and an imposed heat flux of 2132 w/m2. In this case, the dissipated heat flux is almost constant (except in the instant t* ≈ 0.9 when it reaches a peak of 2400 W/m2), whilst when using only a single superhydrophobic spot, where the heat flux dissipation reaches the maximum shortly after the detachment of the bubble, dropping continuously until a new necking phase starts. The biphilic patterns also allow a controlled bubble coalescence, which promotes fluid convection at the hydrophilic spacing between the superhydrophobic regions, which clearly contributes to cool down the surface. This effect is noticeable in the case of employing the Ag 1 wt% nanofluid, with an imposed heat flux of 2132 W/m2, where the coalescence of the drops promotes a surface cooling, identified by a temperature drop of 0.7 °C in the hydrophilic areas. Those areas have an average temperature of 101.8 °C, whilst the average temperature of the superhydrophobic spots at coalescence time is of 102.9 °C. For low concentrations as the ones used in this work, the effect of the nanofluids was observed to play a minor role. This can be observed on the slight discrepancy of the heat dissipation decay that occurred in the necking stage of the bubbles for nanofluids with the same kind of nanoparticles and different concentration. For the Au 0.1 wt% nanofluid, a heat dissipation decay of 350 W/m2 was reported, whilst for the Au 0.5 wt% nanofluid, the same decay was only of 280 W/m2. The results of the numerical model concerning velocity fields indicated a sudden acceleration at the bubble detachment, as can be qualitatively analyzed in the thermographic images obtained in this work. Additionally, the temperature fields of the analyzed region present the same tendency as the experimental results.

Oscillatory Heat Transfer in a Pipe Subjected to a Laminar Reciprocating Flow

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Zhao ◽  
P. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Uniform Heat Flux ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Cycle Space ◽  
Reciprocating Flow

An experimental and numerical study has been carried out for laminar forced convection in a long pipe heated by uniform heat flux and subjected to a reciprocating flow of air. Transient fluid temperature variations in the two mixing chambers connected to both ends of the heated section were measured. These measurements were used as the thermal boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamically and thermally developing reciprocating flow in the heated pipe. The coupled governing equations for time-dependent convective heat transfer in the fluid flow and conduction in the wall of the heated tube were solved numerically. The numerical results for time-resolved centerline fuid temperature, cycle-averaged wall temperature, and the space-cycle averaged Nusselt number are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on the experimental data, a correlation equation is obtained for the cycle-space averaged Nusselt number in terms of appropriate dimensionless parameters for a laminar reciprocating flow of air in a long pipe with constant heat flux.

A Numerical Model of a Reciprocating-Mechanism Driven Heat Loop for Two-Phase High Heat Flux Cooling

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubunmi Popoola ◽  
Ayobami Bamgbade ◽  
Yiding Cao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Transfer Device

An effective design option for a cooling system is to use a two-phase pumped cooling loop to simultaneously satisfy the temperature uniformity and high heat flux requirements. A reciprocating-mechanism driven heat loop (RMDHL) is a novel heat transfer device that could attain a high heat transfer rate through a reciprocating flow of the two-phase working fluid inside the heat transfer device. Although the device has been tested and validated experimentally, analytical or numerical study has not been undertaken to understand its working mechanism and provide guidance for the device design. The objective of this paper is to develop a numerical model for the RMDHL to predict its operational performance under different working conditions. The developed numerical model has been successfully validated by the existing experimental data and will provide a powerful tool for the design and performance optimization of future RMDHLs. The study also reveals that the maximum velocity in the flow occurs near the wall rather than at the center of the pipe, as in the case of unidirectional steady flow. This higher velocity near the wall may help to explain the enhanced heat transfer of an RMDHL.

Integrated Fluxes in Magneto-Hydrodynamic Mixed Convection in a Cavity Sustained by Conjugate Heat Transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkodip Mookherjee ◽  
Shantanu Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Horizontal Magnetic Field ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Stationary Interface

Abstract A numerical study of magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convection in a cavity has been conducted to investigate the influence of magnetic field on integrated flux of thermal energy, linear momentum, and kinetic energy. Shear force through lid motion establishes the forced convection effect and buoyancy force due to differential heating of the moving lid and the stationary interface ensures the natural convection phenomenon. Additionally, conduction through the solid slab with prescribed temperature at the outer surface attached to the cavity induces conjugate heat transfer. Further, the top and bottom walls throughout the domain are kept insulated and a uniform horizontal magnetic field is applied on the interface toward left. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are examined for a range of Hartmann number (Ha): 0, 10, 50, and 120 at fixed values of Reynolds number, Grashof number, and Prandtl number of 300, 9 × 104 and 0.71, respectively. The result shows that the transport of heat in the near wall regions of the fluid domain is primarily governed by diffusion, whereas advection appears stronger in the central region of the cavity. Increase in magnetic field strength from Ha = 0 to 120 gradually suppresses the recirculating structure of the flow signifying a reduction in advective strength as depicted by the decrease in the value of total integrated heat flux from 25.15×10-3 to 6.0×10-3. The reduction in heat flux, momentum fluxes, and kinetic energy fluxes with increase in magnetic field has been well correlated in the range of 0≤Ha≤120.

A Comparative Numerical Study on Two-Phase Boiling Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in the Microchannel Heat Sink With Different Manifold Arrangements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Luo ◽  
Jingzhi Zhang ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Maldistribution

Abstract The manifold microchannel (MMC) heat sink system has been widely used in high-heat-flux chip thermal management due to its high surface-to-volume ratio. Two-phase, three-dimensional numerical methods for subcooled flow boiling have been developed using a self-programming solver based on OpenFOAM. Four different types of manifold arrangements (Z-type, C-type, H-type and U-type) have been investigated at a fixed operational condition. The numerical results evaluate the effects of flow maldistribution caused by different manifold configurations. Before simulating the two-phase boiling flow in MIMC metamodels, single-phase liquid flow fields are performed at first to compare the flow maldistribution in microchannels. It can be concluded from the flow patterns that H-type and U-type manifolds provide a more even and a lower microchannel void fraction, which is conducive to improving the temperature uniformity and decreasing the effective thermal resistance. The simulation results also show that the wall temperature difference of H-type (0.471 K) is only about 10% of the Z-type (4.683 K). In addition, the U-type manifold configuration show the lowest average pressure drop at the inlet and outlet of the MIMC metamodel domain. However, H-type manifold also shows an impressive 59.9% decrease in pressure loss. Results indicate that both the H-type and the U-type manifolds for flow boiling in microchannels are recommended due to their better heat transfer performance and lower pressure drop when compared with Z-type and C-type.

Time-Resolved Heat Transfer Measurements on the Tip Wall of a Ribbed Channel Using a Novel Heat Flux Sensor: Part II — Heat Transfer Results

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Jenkins ◽  
Jens von Wolfersdorf ◽  
Bernhard Weigand ◽  
Tim Roediger ◽  
Helmut Knauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Flux Sensor ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cooling Channels ◽  
Ribbed Channel ◽  
Detailed Surface ◽  
Flux Sensor

Measurements using a novel heat flux sensor were performed in an internal ribbed channel representing the internal cooling passages of a gas turbine blade. These measurements allowed for the characterization of heat transfer turbulence levels and unsteadiness not previously available for internal cooling channels. In the study of heat transfer, often the fluctuations can be equally as important as the mean values for understanding the heat loads in a system. In this study comparisons are made between the time-averaged values obtained using this sensor and detailed surface measurements using the transient thermal liquid crystal technique. The time-averaged heat flux sensor and transient TLC results showed very good agreement, validating both methods. Time-resolved measurements were also corroborated with hot film measurements at the wall at the location of the sensor to better clarify the influence of unsteadiness in the velocity field at the wall on fluctuations in the heat flux. These measurements resulted in turbulence intensities of the velocity and heat flux of about 20%. The velocity and heat flux integral length scales were about 60% and 35% of the channel width respectively, resulting in a turbulent Prandtl number of about 1.7 at the wall.

Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer over a Rotating Disk with Bottom Wall Subjected to Uniform Heat Flux

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ming Tan ◽  
Xing Dan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Outer Radius ◽  
Bottom Wall ◽  
Uniform Heat Flux ◽  
Uniform Heat

A three-dimensional numerical study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics over a rotating disk with bottom wall subjected to uniform heat flux was conducted with the use of RNG k- turbulent model. And some experiments were also made for validation. The effects of rotating angular speed and pin configuration on the temperature maps and convective heat transfer characte-ristics on rotating surface are analyzed. As the increase of rotating velocity, the impingement of pumping jet on the centre of rotating disk became stronger and the transition from laminar to turbu-lent occurred at the outer radius of rotating disk, which resulted in heat transfer enhancement. The pins on the disk made the pumping action of a rotating disk weaker. Simultaneously, they also acted as disturbing elements to the cyclone flow near the rotating disk surface, which made the overall heat transfer to be enhanced. Under the same extend areas of different pins, needle pin has higher convective heat transfer capacity than the discrete ring pin.

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