Scope and Benefits of a New Comprehensive Diagnostic Approach for Pneumatic Systems and Components

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Binder ◽  
H. Gerlach ◽  
C. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Monitoring Performance

The use of diagnostics as a maintenance technology for motion systems can play a key role for the life cycle costs of a production facility. A new comprehensive diagnostic approach provides methods for pneumatic systems that continuously monitor and analyze sensor readings in the main supply line and within subsystems. Using different evaluation methods of pattern recognition, the source of deviations can be isolated to individual components. Unlike traditional component-based diagnostic solutions, this new approach is applicable to complete pneumatic systems and/or single pneumatic components for sensing and monitoring performance levels, information acquisition for optimized maintenance preventing unscheduled downtime and extending machine or process serviceability. In a comprehensive cost calculation, the cost savings over the life cycle of a production facility of an end user are revealed.

The Potential Impact of Utilizing Advanced Engine Technology for a Combat Capable Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV)

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg B. Bruening ◽  
James R. Snyder ◽  
Raymond E. Fredette
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
System Level ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicle ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Cost

This paper evaluates the potential impact of utilizing advanced engine technology for a limited life, combat capable, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) application. A study was conducted to define payoffs in terms of mission capability and system level life cycle costs (LCC) associated with implementing three different engine development approaches into a combat capable UAV design. The three different approaches considered were: a new, advanced technology engine; an existing (off-the-shelf) engine; and a derivative of an existing engine with limited technology insertion. A detailed vehicle configuration design was developed to conduct this assessment, including a low observable (LO), highly integrated engine/airframe layout for survivability and mission adaptable considerations. The vehicle is designed with multi-role mission capability such as suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD), close air support (CAS), and battlefield air interdiction (BAI). A system level performance comparison is assessed with the three different engine approaches, specifically for the SEAD-type mission. For the cost analysis, the multi-role mission capability is reflected in the overall assumptions such as in the number of aircraft needed to meet the mission requirements. A system level assessment such as in this study is essential in determining whether the additional costs associated with the development of a new, advanced engine is worth the investment. The results of this study suggest that advanced engine technology insertion can provide significant benefits in terms of mission range capability, vehicle weight/size, and overall life cycle costs versus an existing engine.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and Life Cycle Costs of Overhead Catenary Heavy-Duty Trucks for Long-Haul Transportation

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Mareev ◽  
Dirk Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Life

The overhead catenary truck is an interesting technology for long-haul transportation with heavy-duty trucks because it can combine the advantage of energy supply via catenary while driving and the flexibility of a battery truck on routes without catenary using the traction battery. This study investigates the energy consumptions of overhead catenary trucks on German highways and considers different configurations for the traction battery and catenary power system. Afterwards the life cycle costs of overhead catenary trucks are calculated for a specified long-haul transportation scenario and the results are compared to battery electric truck and diesel truck using the findings of a previous study by the authors. The energy consumption of the considered overhead catenary trucks is approximately equal to that of a battery electric truck but only about a half of the equivalent energy consumption of a conventional diesel truck. According to the cost assumptions in this study, the total life cycle costs of overhead catenary trucks can be in the range of the conventional diesel truck, showing the competitiveness of this alternative truck technology.

Utilization and Cost Effectiveness of a Risk Stratified Diagnostic Approach to Patients with Suspected Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 1456-1456
Author(s):  
Vivek Upadhyay ◽  
Benjamin Geisler ◽  
Lova Sun ◽  
Robert S Makar ◽  
Pavan Bendapudi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
Adamts13 Deficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but deadly thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) that is caused by an acquired deficiency in the ADAMTS13 enzyme. The PLASMIC clinical scoring system was developed and validated in 2014 by the Harvard TMA Research Collaborative in order to determine the pretest probability of severe ADAMTS13 deficiency in cases of suspected TTP. We studied the role of the PLASMIC score in guiding use of the ADAMTS13 activity assay and assessed the cost effectiveness of a score-based diagnostic approach to patients with TMA compared to two strategies currently in use within our consortium. Methods:We utilized an expanded dataset from the Harvard TMA Research Collaborative consisting of all consecutive cases of TMA at three large academic medical centers for which an ADAMTS13 assay was sent between 2004-2015 (n=647). To investigate trends in ADAMTS13 testing over time, we compared the experience at two centers (A and B) with a liberal ADAMTS13 testing policy against a third center in our consortium (C) that carries a more restrictive policy requiring pre-approval by the blood transfusion service. Cost savings analysis was subsequently performed to assess the potential impact of an algorithm incorporating the PLASMIC score for clinical decision support in the workup of these patients. Results:At Sites A and B, we observed after adjusting for changes in inpatient volume that the quantity of ADAMTS13 tests increased greater than eight-fold during the study period (from 11 per 100,000 admissions in 2004 to 94 per 100,000 admissions in 2015, P <0.05). Despite this increase in testing, the average number of patients diagnosed with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency remained steady (5.48 cases per 100,000 admissions per year from 2004-2009 versus 4.67 cases per 100,000 admissions per year from 2010-2015, P=0.93). Furthermore, stratification of patients by PLASMIC score revealed that low-risk cases (score 0-4) have accounted for the majority of ADAMTS13 testing over time, comprising an average of 59% (range: 39-72%) of tests sent each year (see Figure). By contrast, over the same period of time, Site C did not show a significant increase in ADAMTS13 testing (24 per 100,000 admissions in 2004 to 22 per 100,000 admissions in 2015, P=0.82) and had a steady number of patients with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (7.96 cases per 100,000 admissions per year from 2004-2009 compared to 5.53 cases per 100,000 admissions per year from 2010-2015, P=0.83). Site C also had a lower average proportion of patients with low-risk PLASMIC scores who received ADAMTS13 testing each year (39%, range: 0-70%, P=0.004 for comparison with Sites A and B). No patient with a low risk score in our registry was found to have severe ADAMTS13 deficiencybetween 2004-2015,and we have previously shown that therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) does not improve mortality or hospital length of stay in the subgroup of TMA cases without severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. Under the score-driven diagnostic approach, patients with a low-risk PLASMIC score would not receive upfront ADAMTS13 testing, expert consultation, or TPE and instead be closely observed while worked up for alternative causes of TMA. Consortium-wide cost savings analysis demonstrates that risk stratification of patients by PLASMIC score to guide use of both testing and therapy would have decreased total costs by 30% ($208,800) in the most recent year studied (2015, n=100 cases of suspected TTP) without any projected change in outcomes by preventing unnecessary testing ($5,500), hematology and transfusion medicine consultations ($5,900), and TPE treatments ($199,600) (see Table). Conclusions:Taken together, our results demonstrate that a significant number of patients in our consortium who are at minimal risk for TTP nevertheless undergo ADAMTS13 testing and receive expert consultation and/or TPE. An approach incorporating upfront application of the PLASMIC clinical scoring system to risk stratify patients with suspected TTP may help enhance the cost effectiveness of diagnosing and managing these cases. Figure Figure. Table Table. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Cost of a Building’s Life Cycle in a Probabilistic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
M. Rogalska ◽  
D. Szewczak
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Life Planning ◽  
Pricing Factors ◽  
Building Components ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Probability Density Distributions ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIn the article the costs of alternative roofing techniques in the life cycle of the building were calculated. The calculations were made in accordance with ISO 15686-5 standard “Buildings and constructed assets – Service life planning – Part 5: Life-cycle costing”, using normative durability periods and minimum period of annual consumption of individual building elements to determine the durability of building components. The normative periods are valid in Poland in relation to the valuation of buildings. Probabilistic costs in the life cycle of ceramic, metal and bituminous coatings were analysed. The probability density distributions were assumed: beta for pricing factors and normal for the interest rate. Calculations were carried out for the periods of 100 years of operation of coverings, taking into account the costs of replacement and utilization. As a result of the calculations, the life cycle costs of alternative coatings with probabilities from 5 to 95% were obtained.

Life-cycle cost comparison of chip seal and striping: in-house workers versus private contractors

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Shrestha ◽  
Pramen P. Shrestha ◽  
Mylinh Lidder
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose To maintain road systems in the USA, state departments of transportation (DOTs) generally use in-house workers or private contractors. Limited studies have calculated the cost savings of hiring private contractors; however, most of them have not calculated cost savings based on life-cycle costs (LCCs). The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the LCC of chip seal and stripping maintenance activities performed by in-house workers are cheaper than those performed by private contractors. Design/methodology/approach The paper collected the hard cost data of chip seal and stripping maintenance activities performed by state DOT in-house workers, as well as private contractors, from 2003 to 2016 from the Nevada DOT Maintenance and Asset Management division. Statistical tests were conducted to test the research hypothesis that the LCC of chip seal and stripping activities performed by in-house workers are significantly less than those performed by private contractors. Findings The study results showed that the cost per unit and LCC of chip seal and striping work performed by in-house workers were significantly less than those performed by private contractors in Nevada. Research limitations/implications The study only collected data from Nevada DOT, so readers should use caution in generalizing the findings of this study. Additionally, factors affecting the cost of these maintenance activities for private contractors are significantly different compared to in-house contractors. Therefore, these differences may be some of the potential reasons for cost difference between these two methods. Practical implications The practical implications of this study are that state DOT engineers need to plan for outsourcing chip seal and stripping maintenance activities only to private contractors that are cost effective, based on life-cycle cost. Originality/value The LCC analysis framework developed in this study will help state DOT engineers to determine cost savings by using in-house workers for road maintenance works.

Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Novel Cooling and Power Gas Turbine Engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Malhotra ◽  
W. E. Lear ◽  
J. R. Khan ◽  
S. A. Sherif
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Turbine Engine

A life cycle cost analysis was performed to compare life cycle costs of a novel gas turbine engine to those of a conventional microturbine with similar power capacity. This engine, called the high-pressure regenerative turbine engine (HPRTE), operates on a pressurized semiclosed cycle and is integrated with a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The HPRTE uses heat from its exhaust gases to power the absorption refrigeration unit, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient temperatures and also produces some external refrigeration. The life cycle cost analysis procedure is based on principles laid out in the Federal Energy Management Program. The influence of different design and economic parameters on the life cycle costs of both technologies is analyzed. The results of this analysis are expressed in terms of the cost ratios of the two technologies. The pressurized nature of the HPRTE leads to compact components resulting in significant savings in equipment cost versus those of a microturbine. Revenue obtained from external refrigeration offsets some of the fuel costs for the HPRTE, thus proving to be a major contributor in cost savings for the HPRTE. For the base case of a high-pressure turbine (HPT) inlet temperature of 1373 K and an exit temperature of 1073 K, the HPRTE showed life cycle cost savings of 7% over a microturbine with a similar power capacity.

Probabilistic Characterization of Life-Cycle Agency and User Costs: Case Study of Minnesota

2017 ◽  
Vol 2639 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Akbarian ◽  
Omar Swei ◽  
Randolph Kirchain ◽  
Jeremy Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
User Costs ◽  
Probabilistic Characterization ◽  
The Cost

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a commonly used approach by pavement engineers to compare the economic efficiency of alternative pavement design and maintenance strategies. Over the past two decades, the pavement community has augmented the LCCA framework used in practice by explicitly accounting for uncertainty in the decision-making process and incorporating life-cycle costs not only to the agency but also to the users of a facility. This study represents another step toward improving the LCCA process by focusing on methods to characterize the cost of relevant pay items for an LCCA as well as integrating costs accrued to users of a facility caused by pavement–vehicle interaction (PVI) and work zone delays. The developed model was implemented in a case study to quantify the potential implication of both of these components on the outcomes of an LCCA. Results from the construction cost analysis suggest that the proposed approaches in this paper lead to high-fidelity estimates that outperform current practice. Furthermore, results from the case study indicate that PVI can be a dominant contributor to total life-cycle costs and, therefore, should be incorporated in future LCCAs.

Corrosion and Fatigue Resistance Study of Aluminum Bridge Deck

1996 ◽  
Vol 1541 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Kurt P. Thompson ◽  
B. Larry Shives ◽  
J. S. Snodgrass ◽  
C. A. Marks ◽  
R. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

Thousands of bridges on which the U.S. transportation system depends are in need of repair or replacement. Engineers are continually looking for materials that can significantly extend the lives of these structures. The use of lightweight materials such as aluminum could often avoid the cost of the replacement of the sound foundations and steel girders of bridges listed as structurally deficient. However, bridge engineers have not considered aluminum for use as a bridge material because of a lack of information on the in-service performance of existing aluminum bridges and a lack of knowledge about the metal's lower life-cycle costs compared with those of traditional materials. The reconfiguration of the Smithfield Bridge in downtown Pittsburgh from a mass transit–highway bridge to a highway-traffic bridge presented an opportunity for Reynolds Metals Company to analyze the corrosion and fatigue performance of the almost 30-year-old deck and the more than 60-year-old cross members. The results of the study indicate that aluminum is a viable material for bridge decks when it is properly designed into the application.

scholarly journals An Approach for Choosing the Cost Effective Design for a Product-Service System While Maintaining its Desired Reliability

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3041-3050
Author(s):  
Jannik Alexander Schneider ◽  
Iryna Mozgova ◽  
Roland Lachmayer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Product Service System ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Product Costs

AbstractWith the spread of product-service systems as business models the life cycle costs are of increasing importance as a measurement of product cost. A key factor that drives these costs is the desired reliability of the products used to provide the service. Since the customer usually expects as uninterrupted service availability, it is imperative to achieve the the required reliability. Therefore a large variety of methods has been developed to maximize the reliability of a product. But these approaches focus on the maximization of the reliability and disregard the resulting product costs. This can lead to designs that over perform concerning their reliability requirements but also exceed their target costs. Which will result in the product-service system not being competitive in the marketplace or lowering the company's profit. This paper shows an approach on how to use markov chains to enable a quick comparison of life cycle costs from different product-service system designs With this it will be possible to make better informed decisions about the costs of a system while still meeting the reliability targets.

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