Experimental Investigation of EHD Flow Regimes Map in an Electrostatic Air-Oil Droplets Separator

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangling Kong ◽  
Mohamed Alshehhi ◽  
Afshin Goharzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Wide Range

The applications of ESPs in liquid droplets separation have not been implemented thoroughly as in dust separation. In this paper, flow visualization measurements of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow field in a narrow wire-plate electrostatic precipitator (ESP) were conducted when the primary gas flow was seeded with oil droplets with average diameter of 2μm. The EHD flow field was visualized under wide range of operating conditions by a high speed camera. The tested gas velocities were from 0 to 0.5m/s, and a positive DC voltage varying from 0 to 16kV was applied to the ESP. Experimental results clearly confirmed formation of the secondary flow and the EHD flow patterns changed significantly during corona discharge, depending on the gas velocity and applied voltage. Six typical EHD flow patterns were summarized based on the visualization and an EHD flow regime map was plotted against Reynolds number (Re) and electrohydrodynamic number (Ehd), which represents the relationship between inertial forces and electrical forces. The EHD flow structures were pronounced for high applied voltage (high Ehd) and low gas velocity (low Re) and the primary flow acted to suppress the formation of EHD flow. The EHD flow patterns obtained with oil droplets showed different characteristics, compared to EHD flow with solid particles from previous studies, when both electrics and inertial forces are weak. The high adhesive forces of oil droplets might be the main cause of these differences.

Unsteady Conjugate Heat Transfer Investigation of a Multistage Steam Turbine in Warm-Keeping Operation With Hot Air

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Łuczyński ◽  
Dennis Toebben ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Wolfgang F. D. Mohr ◽  
Klaus Helbig
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vortex Systems ◽  
Operating Points

In recent decades, the rising share of commonly subsidized renewable energy especially affects the operational strategy of conventional power plants. In pursuit of flexibility improvements, extension of life cycle, in addition to a reduction in start-up time, General Electric has developed a product to warm-keep high/intermediate pressure steam turbines using hot air. In order to optimize the warm-keeping operation and to gain knowledge about the dominant heat transfer phenomena and flow structures, detailed numerical investigations are required. Considering specific warm-keeping operating conditions characterized by high turbulent flows, it is required to conduct calculations based on time-consuming unsteady conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulations. In order to investigate the warm-keeping process as found in the presented research, single and multistage numerical turbine models were developed. Furthermore, an innovative calculation approach called the Equalized Timescales Method (ET) was applied for the modeling of unsteady conjugate heat transfer (CHT). The unsteady approach improves the accuracy of the stationary simulations and enables the determination of the multistage turbine models. In the course of the research, two particular input variables of the ET approach — speed up factor (SF) and time step (TS) — have been additionally investigated with regard to their high impact on the calculation time and the quality of the results. Using the ET method, the mass flow rate and the rotational speed were varied to generate a database of warm-keeping operating points. The main goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the flow field and heat transfer in a wide range of turbine warm-keeping operations and to characterize the flow patterns observed at these operating points. For varying values of flow coefficient and angle of incidence, the secondary flow phenomena change from well-known vortex systems occurring in design operation (such as passage, horseshoe and corner vortices) to effects typical for windage, like patterns of alternating vortices and strong backflows. Furthermore, the identified flow patterns have been compared to vortex systems described in cited literature and summarized in the so-called blade vortex diagram. The comparison of heat transfer in the form of charts showing the variation of the Nusselt-numbers with respect to changes in angle of incidence and flow coefficients at specific operating points is additionally provided.

scholarly journals Improvement of Pump Performance at Off-Design Conditions

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paulon ◽  
C. Fradin ◽  
J. Poulain
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mass Flows ◽  
Design Value

Industrial pumps are generally used in a wide range of operating conditions from almost zero mass flow to mass flows larger than the design value. It has been often noted that the head-mass flow characteristic, at constant speed, presents a negative bump as the mass flow is somewhat smaller than the design mass flows. Flow and mechanical instabilities appear, which are unsafe for the facility. An experimental study has been undertaken in order to analyze and if possible to palliate these difficulties. A detailed flow analyzis has shown strong three dimensional effects and flow separations. From this better knowledge of the flow field, a particular device was designed and a strong attenuation of the negative bump was obtained.

Experimental and Numerical Study for Improved Understanding of Mixed-Convection Type of Flows in Turbine Casing Cavities During Shut-Down Regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Murat ◽  
Budimir Rosic ◽  
Koichi Tanimoto ◽  
Ryo Egami
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Unsteady Temperature ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turbine Casing

Abstract Due to increase in the power generation from renewable sources, steam and gas turbines will be required to adapt for more flexible operations with frequent start-ups and shut-downs to provide load levelling capacity. During shut-down regimes, mixed convection takes place with natural convection dominance depending on the operating conditions in turbine cavities. Buoyant flows inside the turbine that are responsible for non-uniform cooling leading to thermal stresses and compromise clearances directly limits the operational flexibility. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are required to predict the flow field during these regimes since direct measurements are extremely difficult to conduct due to the harsh operating conditions. Natural convection with the presence of cross-flow -mixed convection has not been extensively studied to provide detailed measurements. Since the literature lacks of research on such flows with real engine representative operating conditions for CFD validation, the confidence in numerical predictions is rather inadequate. This paper presents a novel experimental facility that has been designed and commissioned to perform very accurate unsteady temperature and flow field measurements in a simplified turbine casing geometry. The facility is capable of reproducing a wide range of Richardson, Grashof and Reynolds numbers which are representative of engine realistic operating conditions. In addition, high fidelity, wall resolved LES with dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid scale model has been performed. The flow field as well as heat transfer characteristics have been accurately captured with LES. Lastly, inadequacy of RANS for mixed type of flows has been highlighted.

Study on Ion Concentration of New Type Transverse Plate ESP

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 2381-2384
Author(s):  
Cheng Wu Yi ◽  
Shuai Ma ◽  
Yun Qing Zhao ◽  
Rong Jie Yi
Keyword(s):  
Applied Voltage ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Dust Collection ◽  
Discharge Electrode ◽  
New Type

According to the transverse plate electrostatic precipitator with high velocity collect dust theory, established the laboratory scale transverse plate ESP combines the hydrodynamic, static electrics. In this paper, experiment of ion concentration are carried using the transverse plate ESP. (The laboratory scale transverse plate electrostatic precipitator self-designed) system. The influence rules of the factors to ion concentration are examined such as distance between the export, the discharge electrode, applied voltage, internal of dust collection plates and the gas velocity. According to the experiment result, the ion concentration can increase about 109/cm3, when the working voltage is 18kV, the gas velocity is 4m/s, the distance of effective dust collecting plate is 40mm. The ion concentration of electrostatics precipitator system reaches the maximum and is above 109.

Computational Investigation of the Flow Field Inside an Submersible Tubular Pump

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jin ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Jiren Zhou ◽  
Fangping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineering Costs

Submersible tubular pump is particularly suitable for ultra-low head (net head less than 2 m) pumping station which can reduce the excavation depth, lower engine room height, simplify hydraulic structure, and save civil engineering costs. Submersible tubular pump with smaller motor unit can reduce the flow resistance. The flow field inside the submersible tubular pump is simulated in a commercial computation fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. The RNG k-ε turbulent model and SIMPLE algorithm are applied to analyze the full passage of a submersible tubular pump, the performance of pump such as head, shaft power and efficiency are predicted based on the calculation of different operating conditions. The simulations are carried out over a wide range of operating points, from 0.8 of the reference mass flow rate at the best efficiency point (BEP) to the 1.28 of the BEP flow rate at the same rotating speed. For verifying the accuracy and reliability of the calculation results, a model test is conducted. The comparison of simulation results and the experiment data show that the calculation performances are agree with the experiment results in the high efficiency area and large discharge condition, but in the condition of low discharge, it exists deviations between the two results. Compare with the numerical simulation and experiment, which can provide more evidences for the hydraulic performance prediction and optimization design of submersible tubular pump pumping system.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Flow in a Low-Pressure Industrial Steam Turbine With Part-Span Connectors

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Häfele ◽  
Christoph Traxinger ◽  
Marius Grübel ◽  
Markus Schatz ◽  
Damian M. Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

An experimental and numerical study on the flow in a three-stage low-pressure (LP) industrial steam turbine is presented and analyzed. The investigated LP section features conical friction bolts in the last and a lacing wire in the penultimate rotor blade row. These part-span connectors (PSC) allow safe turbine operation over an extremely wide range and even in blade resonance condition. However, additional losses are generated which affect the performance of the turbine. In order to capture the impact of PSCs on the flow field, extensive measurements with pneumatic multihole probes in an industrial steam turbine test rig have been carried out. State-of-the-art three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applying a nonequilibrium steam (NES) model is used to examine the aerothermodynamic effects of PSCs on the wet steam flow. The vortex system in coupled LP steam turbine rotor blading is discussed in this paper. In order to validate the CFD model, a detailed comparison between measurement data and steady-state CFD results is performed for several operating conditions. The investigation shows that the applied one-passage CFD model is able to capture the three-dimensional flow field in LP steam turbine blading with PSC and the total pressure reduction due to the PSC with a generally good agreement to measured values and is therefore sufficient for engineering practice.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Flow in a LP Industrial Steam Turbine With Part-Span Connectors

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Häfele ◽  
C. Traxinger ◽  
M. Grübel ◽  
M. Schatz ◽  
D. M. Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Resonance Condition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Wide Range

An experimental and numerical study on the flow in a three stage low pressure (LP) industrial steam turbine is presented and analyzed. The investigated LP section features conical friction bolts in the last and a lacing wire in the penultimate rotor blade row. These part-span connectors (PSC) allow safe turbine operation over an extremely wide range and even in blade resonance condition. However, additional losses are generated which affect the performance of the turbine. In order to capture their impact on the flow field, extensive measurements with pneumatic multi-hole probes in an industrial steam turbine test rig have been carried out. State-of-the-art three-dimensional CFD applying a non-equilibrium steam (NES) model is used to examine the aero-thermodynamic effects of the PSC on the wet steam flow. A detailed comparison between measurement data and CFD results is performed for several operating conditions. The investigation shows that the applied CFD model is able to capture the three-dimensional flow field in LP steam turbine blading with PSC and the total pressure reduction due to the PSC with a generally good agreement to measured values and is therefore sufficient for engineering practice.

Unsteady Flow in a Centrifugal Compressor With Different Types of Vaned Diffusers

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Haupt ◽  
U. Seidel ◽  
A. N. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
M. Rautenberg
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nonuniform Flow ◽  
Unsteady Pressure ◽  
Wide Range

Experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of self-excited flow oscillations in a high-performance centrifugal compressor system with a straight channel radial vaned diffuser. Fast response dynamic pressure transducers on the shroud wall and blade-mounted strain gages were used to identify the onset of the oscillations and their characteristics in space and time. In addition, flow characteristics near the shroud wall were visualized by an oil injection method, showing the extent of upstream directed reverse flow in the impeller range during significant unsteady flow compressor operation. Rotating nonuniform flow patterns were found in a wide range of operating speeds before the occurrence of surge. The number of lobes in the nonuniform flow patterns was dependent on the operating conditions and varied from two to four. Results of this experimental investigation were compared with those obtained from a previous investigation of the same compressor but with a cambered vane diffuser. Considerable similarity between the two configurations was found in the spatial distribution of the unsteady pressure field and in the frequencies of the fluctuations. The stability margin before the occurrence of surge and the operating regimes in which very intense pressure fluctuations were found were however different. In both cases, flow visualization techniques revealed the occurrence of reversed flow near the shroud wall of the impeller. Reverse flow extent up to the leading edge of the splitter blades systematically correlated with the occurrence of a nonuniform pressure pattern rotating with relatively high speed. Low rotational speed pressure patterns were observed when the extent of the reverse flow was up to the leading edge of the long blade. These different flow characteristics can be related to the occurrence of distinct rotating stall cell numbers. This result could be confirmed by unsteady pressure and blade vibration measurements.

Experimental Characterization of EHD Flow in an Electrostatic Air-Oil Droplets Separator Using Particle Image Velocimetry

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangling Kong ◽  
Mohamed Alshehhi ◽  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Amir Shooshtari ◽  
Serguei Dessiatoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Image Velocimetry

In the present work, results of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow field in a wire-plate air-oil droplets electrostatic separator under positive polarity are presented. Using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), the structure of EHD flow under fully developed primary laminar gas flow is investigated and corresponding flow patterns are studied. Velocity distribution results show that the transverse velocity induced by EHD flow depends significantly on applied voltage and the cross-section plane position of the separator. Detailed transverse velocity distribution profiles under different ratio between electrostatic force and inertial force of droplets (Ehd/Re2) are presented. Oscillating jets are observed under a relatively low Ehd/Re2 ∼ 4 and counter rotating vortices around the wire for large Ehd/Re2 > 90 are characterized in this experiment. Contrary to EHD flow patterns for fine solid particles, no von Karman vortex was observed downstream of the charged electrode wire.

Experimental and Numerical Study for Improved Understanding of Mixed-Convection Type of Flows in Turbine Casing Cavities During Shut-Down Regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Murat ◽  
Budimir Rosic ◽  
Koichi Tanimoto ◽  
Ryo Egami
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Unsteady Temperature ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turbine Casing

Abstract Due to increase in the power generation from renewable sources, steam and gas turbines will be required to adapt for more flexible operations with frequent start-ups and shut-downs to provide load levelling capacity. During shut-down regimes, mixed convection takes place with natural convection dominance depending on the operating conditions in turbine cavities. Buoyant flows inside the turbine that are responsible for non-uniform cooling leading to thermal stresses and compromise clearances directly limits the operational flexibility. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are required to predict the flow field during these regimes since direct measurements are extremely difficult to conduct due to the harsh operating conditions. Natural convection with the presence of cross-flow -mixed convection has not been extensively studied to provide detailed measurements. Since the literature lacks of research on such flows with real engine representative operating conditions for CFD validation, the confidence in numerical predictions is rather inadequate. This paper presents a novel experimental facility that has been designed and commissioned to perform very accurate unsteady temperature and flow field measurements in a simplified turbine casing geometry. The facility is capable of reproducing a wide range of Richardson, Grashof and Reynolds numbers which are representative of engine realistic operating conditions. In addition, high fidelity, wall resolved LES with dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid scale model has been performed. The flow field as well as heat transfer characteristics have been accurately captured with LES. Lastly, inadequacy of RANS for mixed type of flows has been highlighted.

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