Evaluating TRIZ as a Provider of Provocative Stimuli

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Arlitt ◽  
Anthony Nix ◽  
Rob Stone
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Process Variety ◽  
To Come ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
New Hypothesis

The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (known by its Russian acronym TRIZ) is used across the globe to help engineers working on product design and development. In previous papers the authors developed a Function-Based TRIZ method and began a validation process. A single innovative feature was identified in a sample of innovative products, and these features were traced backwards on the Function-Based TRIZ matrix. The Function-Based TRIZ matrix was deemed successful in cases where any inventive principle suggested by the matrix could have produced the innovative feature. During this process, the authors observed that no matter which principle was used, some mental leap was needed to apply it. Additionally, many different inventive principles can lead to the same concept. This paper examines a new hypothesis: that the provocative stimulus presented by any randomly selected inventive principle facilitates concept generation just as effectively as using the historical contradiction matrix to guide inventive principle selection. This paper presents a study on the benefits of using the TRIZ contradiction matrix to select the “correct” principles during concept generation. During this study, participants were asked to come up with concepts using one of two TRIZ matrices: the real one that contains historical knowledge from an extensive patent search, or a randomly populated one. The results of this exercise were then examined using modified versions of two concept evaluation metrics set forth by Shah: quantity and variety. This paper offers two contributions to the field. The first is a step toward understanding the role and importance of conflict mappings in TRIZ and TRIZ-like problem-solving methodologies. The second is a method for evaluating process variety (as opposed to outcome variety) when TRIZ is used to generate ideas.

The microstructure change of low-carbon electrical steels by residual aluminum

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
C.K. Hou ◽  
C.T. Hu ◽  
Sanboh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Vacuum Degassing ◽  
Spherical Inclusions ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
To Come

The fully processed low-carbon electrical steels are generally fabricated through vacuum degassing to reduce the carbon level and to avoid the need for any further decarburization annealing treatment. This investigation was conducted on eighteen heats of such steels with aluminum content ranging from 0.001% to 0.011% which was believed to come from the addition of ferroalloys.The sizes of all the observed grains are less than 24 μm, and gradually decrease as the content of aluminum is increased from 0.001% to 0.007%. For steels with residual aluminum greater than 0. 007%, the average grain size becomes constant and is about 8.8 μm as shown in Fig. 1. When the aluminum is increased, the observed grains are changed from the uniformly coarse and equiaxial shape to the fine size in the region near surfaces and the elongated shape in the central region. SEM and EDAX analysis of large spherical inclusions in the matrix indicate that silicate is the majority compound when the aluminum propotion is less than 0.003%, then the content of aluminum in compound inclusion increases with that in steel.

Confirmation and Cognitive Bias in Design Cognition

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Hallihan ◽  
Hyunmin Cheong ◽  
L. H. Shu
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Design Cognition ◽  
Concept Evaluation

The desire to better understand design cognition has led to the application of literature from psychology to design research, e.g., in learning, analogical reasoning, and problem solving. Psychological research on cognitive heuristics and biases offers another relevant body of knowledge for application. Cognitive biases are inherent biases in human information processing, which can lead to suboptimal reasoning. Cognitive heuristics are unconscious rules utilized to enhance the efficiency of information processing and are possible antecedents of cognitive biases. This paper presents two studies that examined the role of confirmation bias, which is a tendency to seek and interpret evidence in order to confirm existing beliefs. The results of the first study, a protocol analysis involving novice designers engaged in a biomimetic design task, indicate that confirmation bias is present during concept generation and offer additional insights into the influence of confirmation bias in design. The results of the second study, a controlled experiment requiring participants to complete a concept evaluation task, suggest that decision matrices are effective tools to reduce confirmation bias during concept evaluation.

scholarly journals ’n Verkennende studie met die oog op die identifisering en kategorisering van leerteorieë met verwysing na die prediking

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Van den Berg ◽  
T. F.J. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
The Social ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Church

An introductory study to identify and classify theories of learning with regard to the task of preaching Learning is a lifelong process in which man must be what he can be, namely a being interacting with his world in a creative problem-solving manner for the well-being of himself and others. In a similar sense the church has always seen her task in preaching, supported by all the other domains of churchlife, as that of teaching people to come to terms with the gospel of Jesus Christ in their daily existence. This article proposes to identify, categorize and integrate the acknowledged theories underlying the learning process, as they exist in the social sciences, into an allencompassing model for learning; a model from which conclusions are drawn in the hope that further studies can spell out the implications of these conclusions as they are applicable to the task of preaching within the church.

scholarly journals Rüsen’s Response to the Crisis of Historicism

Intelligere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
To Come ◽  
General Perspective

Although Rüsen only discusses the crisis of historicism explicitly in his work occasionally, his general perspective on historical knowledge can be interpreted as a response to the crisis. Different responses to the crisis of historicism correspond to different interpretations of its main problems. In order to specify Rüsen’s response, a number of aspects of his perspective are pointed out as solutions to such problems. Indirectly, the analysis discloses problems that any plausible attempt to come to terms with the crisis of historicism ought to handle. By identifying differences to other contemporary responses to the crisis of historicism, the continuing relevance of Rüsen’s approach is demonstrated.

Coping Strategies Used by Syrian Refugees in Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatmeh Ahmad Alzoubi ◽  
Ahmed Mohammad Al-Smadi ◽  
Yazeed Mohammad Gougazeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Support Seeking ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Study Participants

This study examined the coping strategies used by Syrian refugees in Jordan in relation to their demographics. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with a convenient sample of 550 Syrian refugees. Out of all the study participants, 88% reported seeking social support, 64.5% reported using avoidance, and 39.5% reported using problem solving. Participants who were male, single, and younger, and who had a higher education and a higher total income were satisfied with their income, were employed and free of chronic illnesses, and had higher problem-solving scores. Higher social support-seeking scores were associated with being female, older, and widowed; having a lower education and lower total income; being dissatisfied with their income; being nonemployed; and having chronic illnesses. A number of significant predictors were identified for each coping strategy. The results of this study could be used to formulate programs and develop services regarding the stressors encountered by Syrian refugees and their coping strategies.

Getting to the Novel Ideas: Exploring the Alternative Uses Test of Divergent Thinking

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Kudrowitz ◽  
Caitlin Dippo
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Real World ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Common Object ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Study Participants

The Alternative Uses Test is a measure of divergent thinking in which participants are asked to list non-obvious uses for a common object in a fixed amount of time. In this study, participants were asked to list alternative uses for a paperclip in three minutes. From a pool of over 2000 participants including engineering professionals and students, 293 were chosen and evaluated. Using infrequency of responses as a measure of novelty, it was found that participants that produced more responses had more novel responses and a higher average novelty score. Later responses were significantly more novel than early responses and unoriginality of responses decreased with quantity. On average, a participant would list 9 responses before arriving at highly novel responses. Participants that did not reach 9 responses in the study were likely to have few if any highly novel responses. If this test maps to real world problem solving, it suggests that the first ideas we think of are likely to have been suggested already by others and thus not original. The results of this study can help restructure the format of the Alternative Uses Test.

scholarly journals Making narrative connections? Exploring how late teens relate their own lives to the historically significant past

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dawes. Duraisingh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Participants

This paper reports on a study that invited 187 16–18-year-old students in the United States to draw diagrams showing connections between their own lives and the past. Interviews were subsequently held with 26 study participants. The degree to which students made connections between their own lives and the past, and the various ways in which they integrated personal and historical narratives, are discussed, with three examples explored in detail. The ways in which interviewed students talked about their diagrams point to the significance of individuals' understandings of the nature of historical knowledge for how they use the past to orient their own lives.

scholarly journals Using Excel to reduce a Square Matrix

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Josef Holoubek ◽  
Petr Zach
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Menu Option ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Commercial Program ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Way ◽  
Square Matrix

When solving operations research problems, one can use either specialised computer programs such as Lingo, Lindo, Storm or more universal programs such Excel, Matlab, and R. To obtain the input data, one can use either a program’s own editor or other programs commonly available such as Excel. While the problem-solving methods, being part of various programs, are the subjects of numerous publications (such as Gros, 2003; Jablonský, 2002; Plevný – Žižka, 2007; Stevenson – Ozgur, 2009), the way the input data are obtained, recorded, and processed receives far less attention although this part of problem-solving requires considerable effort and, if the method for data recording is inadequate, may cause subsequent difficulties in their further processing. A problem known as “the travelling salesman problem” (TSP) may serve as an example. Here, the input data form a “square matrix of distances”. This paper is concerned with some Excel tools that can be used to obtain and subsequently modify such a square matrix. Given a square m × m matrix, an ordinary user might want to reduce it to an i × i square matrix (where i < m) without having to copy data from the matrix, skip some of its rows and/or columns or write a program to implement such a reduction.In her degree project, Kourková, 2009 was looking for an efficient method of reducing an Excel matrix. She had found no relevant papers on this subject concluding that the authors of the commercial program had not considered this. Therefore, she offered her own solution unconventionally using the contingency table menu option. Although this had resulted in the desired submatrix, some of its parts were superfluous and even baffling for the user.For this reason, the authors analyse the method of representing an m × m matrix and the way of its reduction. Finally, a better option is offered to achieve the desired objective as well as other methods of obtaining the required submatrix that even users without sufficient programming skills can use.

scholarly journals Enter the Matrix: An Examination of Patrick Pound's The Great Exhibition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Milly Mitchell-Anyon
Keyword(s):  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Georges Perec ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Marcel Duchamp ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Found Objects ◽  
Vernacular Photography ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Great Exhibition

<p>This thesis considers the practice of New Zealand-born artist, Patrick Pound (b. 1962) through an analysis of his survey show, Patrick Pound: The Great Exhibition, which was staged at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne between 31 March and 30 July 2017. The Great Exhibition demonstrates the complexity and multiplicity of Pound’s practice, exemplifying the interconnectedness of his thinking and his use of an algorithmic approach to collecting, curating and categorisation. His depth of art-historical knowledge plays out as an intricate puzzle. The scope of The Great Exhibition is vast and, while it might appear to mostly involve the arrangement of more than 4,000 vernacular photographs and found objects, alongside 300 items from the NGV’s collection, the methodologies of collecting and curation employed by Pound are multifaceted.  I consider the constancy of Pound’s interrogation of authorship and meaning throughout his practice, which is integrally related to his use of vernacular photographs and found objects within The Great Exhibition. I examine our relationship with vernacular photography and how this is exposed in The Great Exhibition. The practices of artists such as Erik Kessels, Joachim Schmid and Marcel Duchamp provide context here. Chapter Three asks how The Great Exhibition fits within a wider context of exhibitions by artist-as-curators such as Fred Wilson’s Mining the Museum and Edward Steichen’s The Family of Man. This chapter also examines how computer algorithms can be applied as a framework for understanding The Great Exhibition’s curatorial logic. Pound’s complex system of sorting and categorising into matrices and intersections is considered in relation to writer Georges Perec and his understanding of Alan Turing’s conceptualisation of the ‘Automatic’ and ‘Oracle’ machines. My conclusion reflects on what can and cannot be learned from Patrick Pound’s The Great Exhibition.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document