Feasibility Study of Heat Pump in Maine Using Attic Heat Source

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
Stephen Knittweis ◽  
Julie Doxsey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Energy Advantage

Heat pumps have been widely studied and used as heating sources for decades in the southern part of the United States. In Maine, however, heat pumps are not popular because of a perception that they are of marginal utility in cold climates. Usage has generally been limited to ground-source units, which are expensive to install. Air-source devices require less up-front investment, and can be used as supplemental heat sources. This study focuses on the feasibility of heat pump usage in Maine by utilizing attic air as the heat source. To this end, a heat pump was installed to heat up a 150 liter water tank. Testing was conducted in fall and winter, and the results demonstrate the energy advantage of using a heat pump.

Study of Performance of Attic Air Source Heat Pump in Maine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
Julie Doxsey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Testing Chamber ◽  
Heat Released

Heat pumps are a popular heating source in many parts of the United States. They are not widely used in State of Maine due to an assumption that they are marginally useful in cold climates. An attic source heat pump is a variation on a conventional heat pump. In summer, the temperature in the attic is much higher than outside as it absorbs the heat from sunlight. In winter or evening, the attic captures the heat released from the house. Therefore, the attic makes a good candidate for the heat source of a heat pump. For this ongoing study, a laboratory scale heat pump was constructed and experimental tests were performed to establish its operating performance. A temperature controlled testing chamber was built to simulate the attic environment. Attic heat was used to heat up a water tank. COP value was measured for different attic temperatures. Experimental data were favorable to the use of an attic air source heat pump in Maine.

scholarly journals Combining Building Renovation and Ground Source Heat Pump Installations for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study in Vaasa Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-168
Author(s):  
Joyce Cooper ◽  
Tarja Häkkinen ◽  
Sirje Vares ◽  
Jenni Jahn ◽  
Sakari Pulakka
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Ground Source

Given the growing interest in ground source heat pump and distributed heating installations in general for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, technology implementation planning can benefit from the simultaneous consideration of building renovations. Here, a method for identifying and evaluating scenarios based on cost and greenhouse gas emissions is presented. The method is demonstrated for a case study in Vaasa Finland. The case study considers the insulation of the walls, roof, and base floor and the replacement of windows based on 2003 and 2010 Finnish building codes simultaneously with the possible replacement of existing heat sources with ground source heat pumps. Estimates of changes in heat demand for consecutive renovations are combined with data on renovation, installation, heating costs, and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions data for the current and proposed heat sources. Preferred scenarios are identified and evaluated by building type, construction decade, and current heating source. The results are then placed within the contexts of the Vaasa building stock and policy theory.

scholarly journals Study on the Performance of Multiple Sources and Multiple Uses Heat Pump System in Three Different Cities

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongkyo Kim ◽  
Yujin Nam ◽  
Sangmu Bae ◽  
Soolyeon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Multiple Uses

Various efforts have been made worldwide to reduce energy use for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Research and development are essential to ensuring the efficient use of renewable energy systems. This study proposes a multiple sources and multiple uses heat pump (MMHP) system that can efficiently respond to heating, cooling, and domestic hot water (DHW) loads using multiple natural heat sources. The MMHP system uses ground and air heat as its primary heat sources and solar heat for heat storage operations and ground temperature recovery. For the efficient use of each heat source, it also determines the heat source required for operation by comparing the heat source temperatures in the same time zone. A model for predicting the heat source temperatures, electricity use, and coefficient of performance (COP) was constructed through simulation. To analyze the efficiency of the proposed system by comparing the existing air source heat pump with ground source heat pump systems, a performance analysis was conducted by setting regional and system configurations as case conditions. The results demonstrate that the electricity use of the MMHP system was 13–19% and 1–3% lower than those of air source heat pump (ASHP) and ground source (GSHP) systems, respectively. In addition, the MMHP system was the most favorable in regions with a low heating load.

Performance Considerations for Ground Source Heat Pumps in Cold Climates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbin Garber-Slaght
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Abstract Remote, cold climates present challenges to finding safe and affordable space heating options. In Alaska, residential ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) have been gaining in popularity, even though there is little research on their long-term performance or their effect on soil temperatures. The extended heating season and cold soils of Alaska provide a harsh testing ground for GSHPs, even those designed and marketed for colder climates. The large and unbalanced heating load in cold climates creates a challenging environment for GSHPs. In 2013 the Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC) installed a GSHP at its Research and Testing Facility (RTF) in Fairbanks, Alaska. The heat pump replaced an oil-fired condensing boiler heating an office space via in-floor hydronic radiant piping. The ground heat exchanger (GHE) was installed in moisture-rich silty soils underlain with 0°C permafrost. The intent of the project was to observe and monitor the system over a 10-year period to develop a better understanding of the performance of GSHPs in sites with permafrost and to help inform future design. As of this writing, the heat pump system has been running for eight heating seasons. The efficiency in those eight heating seasons has been variable with ups and downs that have been difficult to explain. This paper seeks to understand the variability in performance as well as make recommendations for GSHP use in other cold climates.

scholarly journals Analysis and Comparison of Some Low-Temperature Heat Sources for Heat Pumps

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Neuberger ◽  
Radomír Adamovský
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Ground Heat Exchangers ◽  
Temperature Heat

The efficiency of a heat pump energy system is significantly influenced by its low-temperature heat source. This paper presents the results of operational monitoring, analysis and comparison of heat transfer fluid temperatures, outputs and extracted energies at the most widely used low temperature heat sources within 218 days of a heating period. The monitoring involved horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHEs) of linear and Slinky type, vertical ground heat exchangers (VGHEs) with single and double U-tube exchanger as well as the ambient air. The results of the verification indicated that it was not possible to specify clearly the most advantageous low-temperature heat source that meets the requirements of the efficiency of the heat pump operation. The highest average heat transfer fluid temperatures were achieved at linear HGHE (8.13 ± 4.50 °C) and double U-tube VGHE (8.13 ± 3.12 °C). The highest average specific heat output 59.97 ± 41.80 W/m2 and specific energy extracted from the ground mass 2723.40 ± 1785.58 kJ/m2·day were recorded at single U-tube VGHE. The lowest thermal resistance value of 0.07 K·m2/W, specifying the efficiency of the heat transfer process between the ground mass and the heat transfer fluid, was monitored at linear HGHE. The use of ambient air as a low-temperature heat pump source was considered to be the least advantageous in terms of its temperature parameters.

A Model for a Geothermal Well in a Hydraulic Groundwater Flow for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Woods ◽  
Alfonso Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Thermal Reservoir ◽  
Geothermal Well ◽  
Ground Source

Heat pumps are mechanical systems that provide heating to a space in the winter, and cooling in the summer. They are increasingly popular because the same system provides both cooling modes, depending on the direction of the cycle upon which they operate. For proper operation, the heat pump must be connected to a constant temperature thermal reservoir which in traditional systems is the ambient air. In ground source heat pumps however, subterranean ground water is used as the thermal reservoir. To access the subterranean groundwater, “geothermal” wells are drilled into the formation. Water from the building heating or cooling system is circulated through the wells thereby promoting heat exchange between the coolant water and the subterranean formation. The potential for higher efficiency heating and cooling has increased the utilization of ground source heating ventilating and air conditioning systems. In addition, their compatibility with a naturally occurring and stable thermal reservoir has increased their use in the design of sustainable or green buildings and man-made environments. Groundwater flow affects the temperature response of thermal wells due to advection of heat by physical movement of groundwater through the aquifer. Research on this subject is scarce in the geothermal literature. This paper presents the derivation of an analytical solution for thermal dispersion by conduction and advection from hydraulic groundwater flow for a “geothermal” well. This analytical solution is validated against asymptotic analytical solutions. The traditional constant linear heat source solution is dependent on the ground formation thermal properties; the most dominant of which is the thermal conductivity. The results show that as hydraulic groundwater flow increases, the influence of the ground formation thermal conductivity on the temperature response of the well diminishes. The diminishing influence is evident in the Peclet number parameter; a comparison of thermal advection from hydraulic groundwater flow to thermal conduction by molecular diffusion.

Peak-Shaving Ratio Analysis of the Natural Gas Combined Heat and Power Plant With Distributed Peak-Shaving Heat Pumps

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiling Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyin Wang ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Gas Price

Distributed peak-shaving heat pump technology is to use a heat pump to adjust the heat on the secondary network in a substation, with features of low initial investment, flexible adjustment, and high operating cost. The paper takes an example for the system that uses two 9F class gas turbines (back pressure steam) as the basic heat source and a distributed heat pump in the substation as the peak-shaving heat source. The peak-shaving ratio is defined as the ratio of the designed peak-shaving heat load and the designed total heat load. The economic annual cost is taken as a goal, and the optimal peak-shaving ratio of the system is investigated. The influence of natural gas price, electricity price, and transportation distance are also analyzed. It can provide the reference for the optimized design and operation of the system.

Ground Source Heat Pump and Conventional Heat Sources to Match the Design and Operation Mode for Energy Saving

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 955-959
Author(s):  
Lei Sun ◽  
Jia Fu Xiao ◽  
Chun Yu Ran ◽  
Li Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Matching Design

According to China's current energy present situation, the use of renewable energy, saving energy and reducing consumption has become the energy industry development should follow the basic principles. Ground-source heat pump and conventional heat source composite system as a kind of building energy efficiency technology, mainly reflected in soil source heat pump renewable energy utilization aspects. In this paper the soil source heat pump and conventional heat source matching design and operation mode research, from the matching design principle chart, operation mode, the practical engineering application, economic and technical analysis into consideration, it is concluded that the soil source heat pump and conventional heat source composite system can be applied and research.

scholarly journals Heat pump systems: A mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omar Temori ◽  
František Vranay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Reduce Electricity Consumption

In this work, a mini review of heat pumps is presented. The work is intended to introduce a technology that can be used to income energy from the natural environment and thus reduce electricity consumption for heating and cooling. A heat pump is a mechanical device that transfers heat from one environmental compartment to another, typically against a temperature gradient (i.e. from cool to hot). In order to do this, an energy input is required: this may be mechanical, electrical or thermal energy. In most modern heat pumps, electrical energy powers a compressor, which drives a compression - expansion cycle of refrigerant fluid between two heat exchanges: a cold evaporator and a warm condenser. The efficiency or coefficient of performance (COP), of a heat pump is defined as the thermal output divided by the primary energy (electricity) input. The COP decreases as the temperature difference between the cool heat source and the warm heat sink increases. An efficient ground source heat pump (GSHP) may achieve a COP of around 4. Heat pumps are ideal for exploiting low-temperature environmental heat sources: the air, surface waters or the ground. They can deliver significant environmental (CO2) and cost savings.

scholarly journals Ground-Source Heat Pumps with Horizontal Heat Exchangers for Space Cooling in the Hot Tropical Climate of Thailand

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Widiatmojo ◽  
Sasimook Chokchai ◽  
Isao Takashima ◽  
Yohei Uchida ◽  
Kasumi Yasukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Space Cooling

The cooling of spaces in tropical regions, such as Southeast Asia, consumes a lot of energy. Additionally, rapid population and economic growth are resulting in an increasing demand for space cooling. The ground-source heat pump has been proven a reliable, cost-effective, safe, and environmentally-friendly alternative for cooling and heating spaces in various countries. In tropical countries, the presumption that the ground-source heat pump may not provide better thermal performance than the normal air-source heat pump arises because the difference between ground and atmospheric temperatures is essentially low. This paper reports the potential use of a ground-source heat pump with horizontal heat exchangers in a tropical country—Thailand. Daily operational data of two ground-source heat pumps and an air-source heat pump during a two-month operation are analyzed and compared. Life cycle cost analysis and CO2 emission estimation are adopted to evaluate the economic value of ground-source heat pump investment and potential CO2 reduction through the use of ground-source heat pumps, in comparison with the case for air-source heat pumps. It was found that the ground-source heat pumps consume 17.1% and 18.4% less electricity than the air-source heat pump during this period. Local production of heat pumps and heat exchangers, as well as rapid regional economic growth, can be positive factors for future ground-source heat pump application, not only in Thailand but also southeast Asian countries.

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