scholarly journals INCREASING MICROGRID ENERGY EFFICIENCY WITH DIESEL GENERATORS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Denysiuk ◽  
I. Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Economic Criterion ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
The Cost

It is shown that increasing the energy efficiency of Microgrid with diesel generators requires solving the problem of optimizing the modes of operation of Microgrid using as an optimization criterion for reducing the consumption of primary fuel diesel generators. To study the energy efficiency of such types of Microgrid as a criterion that has a direct impact on the amount of electricity generated, selected adequate accounting of primary fuel consumption when generating a given amount of electricity in the system. The article determines that one of the important indicators of diesel generator sets is their efficiency, which is determined by the ratio of energy produced to fuel consumption per hour of operation at rated load. It is shown that the reduction of fuel consumption allows to increase the efficiency of diesel generators, and different types of steady and transient modes of diesel generators significantly affect the efficiency of Microgrid in terms of technical and financial efficiency. To improve the technical and economic indicators in Microgrid with diesel generators, the article proposes to use the electric cost model of the power generation system, which allows to calculate both the dynamic change of generated power and the dynamic change of its cost and the cost of primary fuel. This model allows flexible nonlinear tracking of fuel consumption, which, taking into account the cost of diesel fuel, can serve as an economic criterion for determining the energy efficiency of the generating system. The article presents an algorithm for evaluating the financial and technical performance of Microgrid in dynamic modes over a period of technology, which not only evaluates the economic and energy efficiency of Microgrid with diesel generators, but can also be used to modify Smart meters, which can significantly expand their functionality.

scholarly journals Rural Electrification of Somalia Using WT-PV-DG-Battery Hybrid System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swathi Kumar ◽  
Richard Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wind Resource

Around 14% of the global population does not have access to electricity. About 95% of those are living in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. Often in these regions, diesel generators are the only source of electricity. The operating cost of these diesel generators is high. However, solar and wind energy are available in most of African countries. This study presents the analysis of designing an off-grid hybrid system with a wind turbine, PV, diesel generator, and battery to power a hospital, school, and 200 household village in four locations across Somalia. The research investigated the availability of wind-solar resources in selected locations. Designing of the system and economic-technical calculations were performed using HOMER. The selection of the optimum design was based on the Cost of Electricity and Net Present Cost. The results show that for Kabaal and Ceel Buur, a WT-PV-DG-Battery is the optimal system as the wind resource in these regions is high. For Saakov and Baki, a PV-DG-Battery system proves to be optimum as the wind resource is limited here. The study also evaluated the control strategy and proved that combined dispatch was the most cost-effective for these locations. The study concluded that hybrid systems are more economical than diesel systems.

Combining Diesel Generators With Ultracapacitors to Enhance Stability and Reliability

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Averbukh ◽  
A. Kuperman ◽  
G. Geula ◽  
S. Gadelovitch ◽  
V. Yuhimenko
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Load Power ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Auxiliary Power Units ◽  
Diesel Generators

Diesel generator based auxiliary power units (DG-APU) are widely used in different civil and military applications. Fuel economy and service life are probably the most important issues concerning their operation. Controlling engine throttle position in accordance with the load power allows regulating fuel supply to the engine to optimize fuel consumption. Despite the advantage of the method, control stability is sacrificed in case of light load operation as follows. When the DG-APU is running with a light load, engine throttle position should be nearly closed in order to minimize fuel consumption. If a load step is applied in such situation, engine velocity may drop sharply until complete stop because of insufficient control system bandwidth. This is why velocity and throttle position of a DG-APU should not be decreased below some level even if load power is low to maintain reliability at the expense of increased specific fuel consumption. Moreover, for small diesel-generators the throttle position is usually fixed. Thereby, relatively wide range load power variations (typical for many of diesel-generator applications) cause excessive fuel consumption. The situation may be sufficiently improved by connecting ultracapacitors (UC) on the DG-APU output terminals, introducing additional inertia allowing smoothing engine velocity decrease during a sudden load increase thus providing more time to the control system to regulate throttle position. As a result, DG-APU would be operated much more efficiently at light loads without sacrificing stability. Moreover, the UC may be used at as starter motor power source, removing starting stress from electrochemical batteries. Present work investigates the improvements in UC-supported DG-APU fuel efficiency and stability compared to conventional technical solutions. The research is based on mathematical modeling of the entire system, verified by experiments. The results support the presented ideas and quantitatively demonstrate the improved fuel economy and reliability of small DG-APUs.

scholarly journals Variable diesel-generator power plant based on double-fed machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Oleg Stanislavovich Khvatov ◽  
Ilya Aleksandrovich Tarpanov ◽  
Dmitry Sergeevich Kobyakov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Electric Machine ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Power Machine ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Dual Power

The article considers the problem of improving power efficiency of the diesel generator power plants as one of the priority objectives for development of low power generation in Russia. Improving energy efficiency for autonomous facilities is directly related to the optimization of hydrocarbon fuel consumption by marine diesel engines. It is possible to optimize the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines by creating variable-speed diesel generators (VSDG), which are diesel-generator units with semiconductor converters, i.e. systems with valved generators. Optimization of specific fuel consumption by VSDG is provided by the forced regulation of the rotational speed of the shaft of the internal combustion engine in accordance with its multi-parameter characteristic in the shared load conditions of the power plant. The synchronous electric machine is used as a generator as part of a ship power station. Its use in the classic constant-speed diesel generators is more preferable than an asynchronous electric machine. In the development of VSDG - valved power plant - the use of an electric machine with a phase rotor as a generator is technically justified, because the installed capacity of the frequency converter in the rotor circuit of an asynchronous generator with a phase rotor is determined by the sliding power and, with a limited range of speed control, SDGV significantly reduces the installed capacity of the electrical equipment. Such power topology of a ship’s power plant is called VSDG based on a dual-power machine. There has been proposed to consider a variant of a ship power plant based on VSDG with a dual-power machine. Its functional diagram and mathematical model are developed. A structural diagram is presented and dynamic modes of the amplitude and frequency of the generated voltage are modeled during electrical load switching.

scholarly journals APPLICATION IN AUTONOMOUS POWER PLANTS OF A DIESEL GENERATOR SET WITH A VARIABLE FREQUENCY OF ROTATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Grigory Ivanovich Korobko ◽  
Ivan Grigorievich Korobko ◽  
Maksim Petrovich Shilov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Logic Device ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Functional Scheme ◽  
Diesel Generators

In modern electric engineering development and implementing autonomous diesel generator sets is considered as a new technological trend. The article focuses on the functional scheme of a diesel generator power station with variable frequency of rotation and control systems, the application of which will allow reducing fuel consumption. The main control units of the proposed variant of the autonomous power plant are a logic device and a synchronizer. After switching the diesel generator on the parallel operation, basic functions of the logic device are to estimate loading and issuing a task for diesel generators. On the basis of the obtained data, the tasks of controlling the state of the generator automaton for the diesel generator, which is in priority over the start/stop, are performed. To evaluate the efficiency criteria, a graph of load power variation is given depending on the power of diesel generators, in which the optimal load intervals are determined. Such a distribution allows achieving reduction in fuel consumption and cost of electricity, providing an increase in the economic performance of an autonomous power plant. Despite the fact that the autonomous power plant has limited power, the proposed variant provides a load reserve in the range 15-110% and overload capacity in the range 13-43% of the total power of the diesel generator with constant speed. A graph of fuel consumption change depending on the active power consumed is presented. The basic interval of work with the minimum consumption of fuel is defined. For comparison, curves are shown that reflect the efficiency of using a diesel generator with variable speed as compared to a unit operating at a constant speed.

scholarly journals Significant Increase in Fuel Efficiency of Diesel Generators with Lithium-Ion Batteries Documented by Economic Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6904
Author(s):  
Vedat Kiray ◽  
Mehmet Orhan ◽  
John Nwankwo Chijioke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Diesel Generators

As the global diesel generator market grows and generators gain wider use, various methods are being developed to increase their energy efficiency. One of these methods entails integrating a Li-ion battery with diesel generators (DGs). This method did not attract attention until recently because it was economically unappealing. A significant decrease in the price of Li-ion batteries in recent years has made hybrid diesel generator/Li-ion battery systems more viable. We present a model-based economic analysis of a hybrid DG/Li-ion battery system with the aim of increasing the energy efficiency of diesel power generators. Special blocks were developed for calculations and comparisons with a MATLAB Simulink model, including 457 kW DG operating modes with/without a Li-ion battery. We simulated the system in order to calculate the conditions required to achieve savings in fuel and the level of savings, in addition to the payback time of the Li-ion battery. Furthermore, we present the additional savings gained by postponing the investment in a new diesel generator thanks to the Li-ion battery. Based on our findings, the payback period of the Li-ion battery system varies between 2.5 and 4 years. According to our 12-year economic analysis, the cost savings resulting from postponing new investments can reach 40% of the profit gained from the savings during such a period.

Analysis of energy efficiency of polder of pumping stations in a Slavsk district of the Kaliningrad region

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Yuriy Spirin ◽  
Vladimir Puntusov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Excess Power ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Power

In the Kaliningrad region there are about 70 % of all polder lands in Russia. On these lands with high potential fertility, it is advisable to intensive agriculture. The area for the average moisture year is an area with excessive moisture, which indicates the need to maintain the rate of drainage on agricultural land. Many different factors play a role in ensuring the drainage rate, one of which is pumping stations and pumping equipment installed on them. An important parameter in the use of pump-power equipment is energy consumption, since in this industry it is a considerable expense item. Improving the energy efficiency of pumping stations on polders is a pressing issue today. At the majority of polder pumping stations, domestic power pumping equipment is installed with excess power and head of 4–8 meters, and a new one is selected based on the maximum possible head in a given place. In the Kaliningrad region, the energy efficiency of polder pumping equipment has never been analyzed. In this paper, a statistical processing of the geodesic pressure of water at the polder pumping stations of the Slavsk region for 2000–2002 was carried out. On the basis of these data and data on the hydraulic characteristics of pressure pipelines, the calculated water pressures were determined for the rational selection of pumping equipment. The calculation of the economic efficiency of pumps with optimal power compared with pumps of excess capacity. The results of the study can serve as a justification for the transition to the pumping equipment with less power and pressure, which will lead to a decrease in the cost of money for electricity.

scholarly journals The Model of Vehicle and Route Selection for Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4528
Author(s):  
Olga Lingaitienė ◽  
Juozas Merkevičius ◽  
Vida Davidavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Source Use

The World Bank, United Nations, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and others are in line with the governments of countries that are strongly interested in the sustainable development of countries, regions, and enterprises. One of the aspects that affects the indicators and prospects of sustainable development is the efficiency of energy source use. Nationwide reductions in the greenhouse gas emissions of motor vehicles could have a direct effect on ambient temperature and reducing the effects of global warming, which can affect future environmental, societal, and economic development. Significant reductions in fuel consumption can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of use, and the performance, of current cargo vehicles. This aspect is directly related to cargo delivery systems and supply chain efficiency and effectiveness. The article solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of cargo delivery and proposes a model that would minimize transportation costs that are directly related to fuel consumption, shortening transportation time. The model addresses the problem of a lack of models evaluating the efficiency of cargo to Lithuania that is using several different modes of transportation. For the solution to this problem, the article examines the complexity of the rational use of land and water vehicles depending on the type of cargo transported, the technical capabilities of the vehicles (loading, speed, environmental pollution, fuel consumption, etc.), and the type (cars, railways, ships). The novelty of the findings is based on the availability to select the most appropriate vehicles, on a case-by-case basis, from the available options, depending on their environmental performance and energy efficiency. This model, later in this article, is used for calculations of Lithuanian companies for selecting the most rational vehicle by identifying the most appropriate route, as well as assessing the dynamics of the economic and physical indicators. The model allows for creating dependencies between the main indicators characterizing the transport process—the cost, the time of transport, and the safety, taking into account the dynamics of economic and physical indicators, that lead to a very important issue—reducing the amount of energy required to provide products and services.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Rate of Fuel Consumption in Aircrafts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8066
Author(s):  
Thowayeb H. Hassan ◽  
Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih ◽  
Amany E. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Ground Distance ◽  
The Cost

The cost of fuel and its availability are among the most major concerns for aircrafts and the aviation industry overall. Environmental difficulties with chemical pollutant emissions emitted by aviation machines are also connected to fuel consumption. As a result, it is crucial to examine factors that affect the overall fuel usage and consumption in the airport-based aviation industry. Several variables were investigated related to the total fuel consumed, such as dry operating weight (DOW) (KG), zero-fuel weight (ZFW), take-off weight (TOW), air distance (AIR DIST) (KM), and ground distance (GDN DIST). Analysis of the correlation between total fuel consumed as well as the extra fuel and selected variables was conducted. The results showed that the most positively associated factors with the total used fuel were the air distance (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.01), ground distance (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.01), TOW (r2 = 0.68, p < 0.01), and flight time (r2 = 0.68, p < 0.01). There was also a strong positive association between the average fuel flow (FF) and actual TOW (r2 = 0.74, p < 0.01) as well as ZFW (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The generalized linear model (GLM) was utilized to assess the predictions of total energy usage after evaluating important outliers, stability of the homogeneity of variance, and the normalization of the parameter estimation. The results of multiple linear regression revealed that the most significant predictors of the total consumed fuel were the actual ZFW (p < 0.01), actual TOW (p < 0.01), and actual average FF (p < 0.05). The results interestingly confirmed that wind speed has some consequences and effects on arrival fuel usage. The result reflects that thermal and hydrodynamic economies impact on the flying fuel economy. The research has various implications for both scholars and practitioners of aviation industry.

scholarly journals Economic burden of childhood diarrhea in Burundi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulgence Niyibitegeka ◽  
Arthorn Riewpaiboon ◽  
Sitaporn Youngkong ◽  
Montarat Thavorncharoensap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Substantial Economic Burden

Abstract Background In 2016, diarrhea killed around 7 children aged under 5 years per 1000 live births in Burundi. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden associated with diarrhea in Burundi and to examine factors affecting the cost to provide economic evidence useful for the policymaking about clinical management of diarrhea. Methods The study was designed as a prospective cost-of-illness study using an incidence-based approach from the societal perspective. The study included patients aged under 5 years with acute non-bloody diarrhea who visited Buyenzi health center and Prince Regent Charles hospital from November to December 2019. Data were collected through interviews with patients’ caregivers and review of patients’ medical and financial records. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors affecting cost, and a cost model was used to generate predictions of various clinical and care management costs. All costs were converted into international dollars for the year 2019. Results One hundred thirty-eight patients with an average age of 14.45 months were included in this study. Twenty-one percent of the total patients included were admitted. The average total cost per episode of diarrhea was Int$109.01. Outpatient visit and hospitalization costs per episode of diarrhea were Int$59.87 and Int$292, respectively. The costs were significantly affected by the health facility type, patient type, health insurance scheme, complications with dehydration, and duration of the episode before consultation. Our model indicates that the prevention of one case of dehydration results in savings of Int$16.81, accounting for approximately 11 times of the primary treatment cost of one case of diarrhea in the community-based management program for diarrhea in Burundi. Conclusion Diarrhea is associated with a substantial economic burden to society. Evidence from this study provides useful information to support health interventions aimed at prevention of diarrhea and dehydration related to diarrhea in Burundi. Appropriate and timely care provided to patients with diarrhea in their communities and primary health centers can significantly reduce the economic burden of diarrhea. Implementing a health policy to provide inexpensive treatment to prevent dehydration can save significant amount of health expenditure.

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