Effect of Next Generation Computer Graphic Card Blower Fan Speed on Thermal Performance and Acoustic Noise With Psychoacoustic Metrics

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Ule ◽  
Colin Novak ◽  
Robert Gaspar ◽  
Arunima Panigrahy ◽  
Gamal Refai-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Fan Speed ◽  
Psychoacoustic Metrics

Graphic Processor Units (GPUs) on the latest models of computer graphic cards generate significant amounts of heat. In fact, the required dissipation rate is so large that cooling fans mounted on heat-sinks must be used to maintain satisfactory GPU temperatures. The packaging of these fans is small and similar designs have been used for cooling of electronic packaging for decades. The appropriate application of these fans as well as their optimal design for minimal noise generation and maximum air movement has not kept pace with that of large industrial sized fans. Where space limitations allow and heat transfer requirements dictate, blower type fans are implemented because they are capable of delivering relatively high flow rates in high impedance environments when they are compared to more traditional axial flow fans. The operation of these blower fans, particularly at high speeds, results in the generation of noise which is experienced by the user. Both computer manufacturers and consumers alike have deemed this noise to be excessive and annoying. The fan model predictions and the operational reality of the higher fan speeds needed to deliver increased air flow both lead to the reality of higher noise levels. The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the realized thermal and acoustic performance of a blower style fan-sink mounted on an advanced graphics port (AGP) card. The goal of this investigation was to determine what thermal benefits of higher flow rate are realized by the blower fan at the expense of increased noise emissions. The experimental results of thermal measurement results spanning the operating speed of the fan are presented and accompanied by the noise data. These data include both traditional acoustic analysis techniques using sound pressure and power level measurements as well as psychoacoustic metrics. The result of the thermal testing suggests that the rate of improvement in thermal performance decreases as the blower fan speed increases. As expected, an increase in noise level was also observed. Of particular interest were the results of the psychoacoustic analysis which indicate a similar detrimental effect with increased fan speed for some metrics, while other metrics indicate no change across the operating speed range of the blower fan.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior ofTacca leontopetaloidesStarch-Based Biopolymer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Shuhada Mohd Makhtar ◽  
Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Roll Mill

Starch is used whenever there is a need for natural elastic properties combined with low cost of production. However, the hydrophilic properties in structural starch will decrease the thermal performance of formulated starch polymer. Therefore, the effect of glycerol, palm olein, and crude palm oil (CPO), as plasticizers, on the thermal behavior ofTacca leontopetaloidesstarch incorporated with natural rubber in biopolymer production was investigated in this paper. Four different formulations were performed and represented by TPE1, TPE2, TPE3, and TPE4. The compositions were produced by using two-roll mill compounding. The sheets obtained were cut into small sizes prior to thermal testing. The addition of glycerol shows higher enthalpy of diffusion in which made the material easily can be degraded, leaving to an amount of 6.6% of residue. Blending of CPO with starch (TPE3) had a higher thermal resistance towards high temperature up to 310°C and the thermal behavior of TPE2 only gave a moderate performance compared with other TPEs.

Thermal Performance of Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Fins in a Forced Convection Environment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Calamas ◽  
Daniel Dannelley ◽  
Gyunay Keten
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Sierpinski Carpet ◽  
Fractal Pattern ◽  
Sierpiński Carpet

When certain fractal geometries are used in the design of fins or heat sinks the surface area available for heat transfer can be increased while system mass can be simultaneously decreased. The Sierpinski carpet fractal pattern, when utilized in the design of an extended surface, can provide more effective heat dissipation while simultaneously reducing mass. In order to assess the thermal performance of fractal fins for application in the thermal management of electronic devices an experimental investigation was performed. The first four fractal iterations of the Sierpinski carpet pattern, used in the design of extended surfaces, were examined in a forced convection environment. The thermal performance of the Sierpinski carpet fractal fins was quantified by the following performance metrics: efficiency, effectiveness, and effectiveness per unit mass. The fractal fins were experimentally examined in a thermal testing tunnel for a range of Reynolds numbers. As the Reynolds number increased, the fin efficiency, effectiveness and effectiveness per unit mass were found to decrease. However, as the Reynolds number increased the Nusselt number was found to similarly increase due to higher average heat transfer coefficients. The fourth iteration of the fractal pattern resulted in a 6.73% and 70.97% increase in fin effectiveness and fin effectiveness per unit mass when compared with the zeroth iteration for a Reynolds number of 6.5E3. However, the fourth iteration of the fractal pattern resulted in a 1.93% decrease in fin effectiveness and 57.09% increase in fin effectiveness per unit mass when compared with the zeroth iteration for a Reynolds number of 1.3E4. The contribution of thermal radiation to the rate of heat transfer was as high as 62.90% and 33.69% for Reynolds numbers of 6.5E3 and 1.3E4 respectively.

scholarly journals Dissemination and Planned Demonstrator of New Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Aidan Reilly ◽  
Richard O'Hegarty ◽  
Oliver Kinnane
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents work developing thin precast concrete sandwich panels for recladding and overcladding applications. These panels are designed for the retrofit of precast concrete structures where the underlying frame is structurally sound. Structural and thermal testing has been carried out to validate the performance of the panels. The panels are designed to have thermal performance better than current national standards, and this has been verified through hot-box testing of components and small-scale panels. Structural performance of the panels has been tested with 3 point bending tests on full-scale panels. Work is in progress towards demonstration of the panels on an occupied building in the UK.

Fans—Their Types, Characteristics, and Application

1942 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
C. G. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dust Extraction ◽  
Extraction Plant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Centrifugal Fans ◽  
Fan Speed

A fan is defined by the British Standards Institution as “a machine which propels air continuously, the total fan head never exceeding 1 lb. per sq. in.” When the pressure is above this limit the field of blowers is entered. The paper deals descriptively with modern fans and their applications under the following three main types: ( a) propeller fans, ( b) centrifugal fans, ( c) axial flow fans. The differences in their characteristics and construction appear to justify the classification of ( a) and ( c) as different types. After recapitulation of the fundamental formulae used in assessing the output, power requirements, and efficiencies of centrifugal fans, the author discusses various test results on actual installations, with some of which he was personally concerned. Axial-flow fans are considered both from manufacturing and from aerodynamical viewpoints, and test results are given, together with curves showing the power absorbed and the efficiency achieved. In the latter part of the paper the author deals with various applications of fans: to the ventilation of buildings, ships, and mines; as a method of supplying draught to boiler installations by mechanical means; and in the operation of dust extraction plant. The control of fan speed and output by hydraulic couplings is compared with methods of adjusting the inlet vanes, in order to achieve the same result.

Acoustic analysis of two small axial-flow fans in series

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-335
Author(s):  
Chen Huang ◽  
Lixi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
In Series

Use of Psychoacoustic Metrics for the Analysis of Next Generation Computer Graphic Card Noise

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Novak ◽  
Helen Ule ◽  
Robert Gaspar ◽  
Gamal Refai-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Quality Metrics ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Fan Noise ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Psychoacoustic Metrics

The continuing challenge to deliver performance improvements in computer graphic cards has long since progressed to the point of requiring finned, passive, cooling devices to dissipate the heat generated by the graphics processing unit (GPU). The heat flux generated by further improvements now exceeds that dissipation capacity so that passive cooling can no longer provide adequate cooling the GPU. The dissipation rates required by the latest generation of designs can be delivered by forced air cooling of finned heat sinks. The concurrent challenge to the industry is to provide this cooling while minimizing the noise generated by these cooling fans. A significant aspect associate with this problem is missed if one only considers the problem to be a one-dimensional sound level issue. From a consumer’s perspective, the perceived quality of the noise emitted takes precedence over what traditional acoustical analysis techniques of this fan noise may imply. Here, psychoacoustic or sound quality metrics, may be a more applicable analysis tool as it provides the quantification of these qualitative human impressions. The present study investigates the validity of using several psychoacoustic metrics for the analysis of fan cooled computer graphics card noise. Using experimentally measured fan noise from three different cooling fan designs, a sound quality analysis was performed using loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation strength, prominent tone and articulation index. A discussion and comparison of measured results using traditional analysis techniques is also included. It was found that some of the metrics proved more useful than others as an analysis tool for this specific noise source. A discussion of the applicability of the various sound quality metrics along with justifications is presented.

scholarly journals Coupled Multi-Disciplinary Simulation of Composite Engine Structures in Propulsion Environment

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos C. Chamis ◽  
Surendra N. Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Composite Mechanics

A computational simulation procedure is described for the coupled response of multi-layered multi-material composite engine structural components which are subjected to simultaneous multi-disciplinary thermal, structural, vibration, and acoustic loadings including the effect of hostile environments. The simulation is based on a 3D finite element analysis technique in conjunction with structural mechanics codes and with the acoustic analysis methods. The composite material behavior is assessed at the various composite scales, i.e., the laminate/ply/fiber and matrix constituents, via a nonlinear material characterization model. Sample cases exhibiting nonlinear geometrical, material, loading, and environmental behavior of aircraft engine fan blades, are presented. Results for deformed shape, vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and acoustic noise emitted from the fan blade, are discussed for their coupled effect in hot and humid environment. Results such as acoustic noise for coupled composite-mechanics/heat transfer/structural/vibration/acoustic analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of coupled multi-disciplinary computational simulation and the various advantages of composite materials compared to metals.

Design and Verification of Cooling Fans for Engine Rooms of Mobile Hydraulics Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-H. Kim ◽  
G.-P. Lee ◽  
C.-H. Lim ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Sweep Angle ◽  
Angle Variation ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
A Charge

Abstract To provide an engine room of mobile hydraulic vehicle with an effective cooling for the combination set of a radiator, a charge air cooler, and an oil cooler, a 500mm-diameter, axial fan is designed to have a 8,800 m3/hr at a resistance of 20mm Aq static pressure with a sound power level less than 86 LwA. The design parameters of sweep angle amplitude, wavelength of sweep angle change, airfoil type, and stagger angle are examined in terms of fan performance and its sound power generation. The surface curvatures generated by the sinusoidal sweep angle variation in the radial direction are proved to result in quite different flow patterns, thereby different types of specific sound power characteristics at the same flowrate. The acoustic noise sources are examined and discussed by using an acoustic imaging technique.

Heat Transfer Enhancement of Car Radiator Using Al₂ O₃ / Water Nanofluid in the Presence of Electric Field; an Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Koorosh Goudarzi ◽  
H. Jamali ◽  
V. Kalaei
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Fan Speed

In this experimental study, Aluminums Oxide (Al2O3) in Pure Water (PW) as nanofluid was used for heat transfer enhancement in car radiator together with electric field. Electric field with different voltage 8, 11, 14 kV and nanofluids with volume concentrations of 0.08%, 0.5% and 1% were investigated. From the experiments, it was found that the unit with electric field pronounced better heat transfer rate, especially at low fan speed. In addition heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate in engine cooling system increased with the usage of nanofluids Al2O3/PW compared to Pure Water alone. With the use of nanofluid with concentration of 1% and electric field for fan speed 600 and 1200 rpm, thermal performance factors were in a range between, 1.8–3.2 and 1.6–1.74, respectively. Thermal performance factor is more than 1 in all of cases, and it can be concluded that this technique can be used in car radiators to improve heat transfer.

Measuring and Optimizing Thermal Interface Material Performance for VR Heatsink Designs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lu ◽  
Michelle C. Lin ◽  
Bernie Short
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Test Board ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given

With increasingly high powers on processors, memories, and chipsets, the voltage regulators (VR) become heavily loaded and a heatsink is often required to prevent overheating the surrounding components on the board. For VR heatsink designs, thermal interface silicone gap filler pads are often used and there is an increasing need to improve VR thermal solutions by reducing thermal resistance of the TIM. A series of TIM2 thickness and performance measurements based on thermal testing was performed in order to understand gap filler characteristics, optimize TIM performance, and utilize best retention design. By utilizing a VR thermal and mechanical test board in wind tunnel testing using the same VR heatsink, thermal performance of TIM2 using gap filler pads over a range of airflow velocities can be measured and compared. The study shows how the optimum TIM performance can be achieved by using the gap filler pads with appropriate thickness for the given designed heatsink standoff heights. The benefit of choosing the right thickness pads over others can be significant and is a valuable learning that can be applied to future VR heatsink designs. Furthermore, the silicone gap filler characteristics and its relationship to board bending and result TIM thickness and thermal performance are investigated and further improved. The learnings help understand the limitations and where the area of improvement can be for future VR heatsink designs.

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