Conversion of Old Crude Oil Pipeline to Product Service

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Western India ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Products Pipeline ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
System Methodology

Due to capacity expansion of one of our refineries located in Western India, there was a need to evacuate additional products. Pipeline, being the most economical, reliable and environment friendly mode of transportation was the obvious choice. Laying a new pipeline would have required making substantial initial capital investment. However, a crude oil pipeline, owned by another oil company, was terminating at the refinery and was not in regular use. It was decided to convert this pipeline to product service. The pipeline was taken on lease, extensively cleaned, tested and successfully converted to product service with necessary hook-up/modifications at both the ends and in-between. The paper covers the experience gathered during the process of conversion of the crude oil pipeline to product service, including modifications carried out in the pipeline system, methodology adopted for cleaning, hydro-testing and commissioning of the system, and the lessons learnt.

scholarly journals Drag Reducer Selection for Oil Pipeline Based Laboratory Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leksono Mucharam ◽  
Silvya Rahmawati ◽  
Rizki Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Flow ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Pump Stations

Oil and gas industry is one of the most capital-intensive industry in the world. Each step of oil and gas processing starting from exploration, exploitation, up to abandonment of the field, consumes large amount of capital. Optimization in each step of process is essential to reduce expenditure. In this paper, optimization of fluid flow in pipeline during oil transportation will be observed and studied in order to increase pipeline flow performance.This paper concentrates on chemical application into pipeline therefore the chemical can increase overall pipeline throughput or decrease energy requirement for oil transportation. These chemicals are called drag reducing agent, which consist of various chemicals such as surfactants, polymers, nanofluids, fibers, etc. During the application of chemical into pipeline flow system, these chemicals are already proven to decrease pump work for constant flow rate or allow pipeline to transport more oil for same amount of pump work. The first application of drag reducer in large scale oil transportation was in Trans Alaskan Pipeline System which cancel the need to build several pump stations because of the successful application. Since then, more company worldwide started to apply drag reducer to their pipeline system.Several tedious testings on laboratory should be done to examine the effect of drag reducer to crude oil that will be the subject of application. In this paper, one of the testing method is studied and experimented to select the most effective DRA from several proposed additives. For given pipeline system and crude oil type, the most optimum DRA is DRA A for pipeline section S-R and for section R-P is DRA B. Different type of oil and pipeline geometry will require different chemical drag reducer. 

Thermal impact of the products pipeline on the crude oil pipeline laid in one ditch – The effect of pipeline interval

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 597-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jinjun Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zhengwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Thermal Impact ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Products Pipeline

scholarly journals Computer-based method of design and modeling of transient flow in crude oil pipeline system

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-239
Author(s):  
ThankGod Enatimi Boye ◽  
◽  
Olusegun David Samuel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Method Of Design

Tank Volume Measurement Systems: Volume Measurement Uncertainty Analysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Oracheski ◽  
Neil Rausch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Products Pipeline

Enbridge Inc. operates the world’s longest crude oil and products pipeline system. The company owns and operates Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (the Canadian portion of the Enbridge crude oil mainline) and a variety of affiliated pipelines in Canada and the United States, including Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. that operates the Lakehead Pipeline System in the United States. Much of the main pipeline system has been in operation for over 55 years. The mainline system has been in operation for over 55 years. The mainline system is comprised of approximately 15,000 kilometers (9000 miles) of pipeline, 3 million barrels of cavern storage and 3.7 million barrels of tankage (352 tanks) which collectively are integral to transporting more than 2.2 million barrels per day of crude oil and refined products. Enbridge’s measurement needs and practices have continuously evolved, with radar gauging on tanks becoming the standard over the past few years. This paper discusses a number of issues associated with the accuracy of volume measurements in upright, cylindrical petroleum product storage tanks with floating roofs. It includes the analysis and discussion of the process of determining tank volumes and the overall accuracy of a tank volume measurement system. It also includes a discussion of the influence and relevance of each measurement variable on the overall accuracy of tank volume measurements, in order to provide pipeline operators with some insight into determining which variables are most important to the process of tank volume measurement. Finally, it discusses issues regarding tank volume measurement system accuracy, as opposed to overall tank volume measurement accuracy. The focus of this paper is not on the uncertainty analysis process itself, but rather on understanding the results of the uncertainty analysis performed for tank volume measurement systems.

High Speed Data Communications and High Speed Leak Detection Models: Impact of Thermodynamic Properties for Heated Crude Oil in Large Diameter, Insulated Pipelines — Application Pacific Pipeline System

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Mecham ◽  
Galen Stanley ◽  
Michael Pelletier ◽  
Jim C. P. Liou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Detection Model

Recent advances in SCADA and leak detection system technologies lead to higher scan rates and faster model speeds. As these model speeds increase and the inherent mathematical uncertainties in implicit method solutions are reduced, errors and uncertainties in measurement of the physical properties of the fluids transported by pipeline come to dominate the confidence calculations for computer generated leak alerts in the control center. The ability to collect more data must be supported by the need for better model data in order to achieve optimal leak detection system performance. This is particularly true when the products transported are non-homogeneous and have strong viscosity-vs-temperature relationships. These are characteristics of crude oils in California’s San Joaquin Valley where significant heating is required to pump these oils in an efficient manner. Proper characterization and correct mathematical expression of these physical properties in leak models has become critical. This paper presents these new developments in the context of an implementation of this new technology for the Pacific Pipeline System (PPS). PPS is a recently constructed and commissioned 209 km (130-mile), 50.8 cm (20″) diameter, insulated, hot crude oil pipeline between the southern portion of California’s San Joaquin Valley and refineries in the Los Angeles basin. Operational temperatures in this line vary from ambient to 82.2°C (180°F) with pressures ranging from 345 kPa (50 psi) to 11,720 kPa (1700 psi). Due to the unique geometry of the line, facilities along the route include pumping stations, metering stations and numerous “throttle-type” pressure reduction facilities. On PPS, a high-speed leak detection model is supported by a fiber optic (OC-1) communication backbone with data rate capacities in excess of 50 Megabits Per Second (MPS). Total scan times for the distributed communication system have been reduced to 1/4 second — each facility reports data to the SCADA host four times each second. A corresponding 1/4 second leak detection model cycle leads to selection of Methods of Characteristics segments on the order of 260 meters (850 feet). This resolution, in conjunction with the advanced instrumentation package of PPS, makes detection of very small leaks realizable. This paper starts with an overview of the system and combines a mix of the theoretical requirements imposed by the mathematical solutions with a practical description of the laboratory procedures and propagated experimental errors. The paper reviews temperature-related errors and uncertainties and their influence on leak detection performance.

Analysis on Shaft Failure of the Twin Screw Pump

2014 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Jian Sheng Jiang ◽  
Zhi Yong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Screw Pump ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Shaft Failure ◽  
Oil Company

Screw pump as kind of displacement pump is suitable for transporting high-viscosity crude oil in a stable operation and high working efficiency. But over the past few years, one oil company has suffered from more screw pump failures which greatly impacted the normal crude oil pipeline delivery operation. Through a deep investigation into two times of shaft rupture incidents, the present paper performs a root cause analysis and provides the corresponding countermeasures.

Optimizing the Steady Operation of an Double Oil Pipeline System by Decompostion Method

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Wu ◽  
Guotai Shao
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Programming Problem ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
Decision Variables

As a main channel for long distance transportation of Daqing crude oil, Daqing-Tieling oil pipeline system consists of two pipelines in parallel. With its capacity of 45 million tons per year, the system is the largest oil pipeline system in China and plays an important role in the petroleum industry and national economy of China. Due to the complicated interconnection between the two pipelines in the system, the optimization of steady operation of the system is much more difficult than a single pipeline so that it can be considered as an optimization problem on large scale system. Besides the interconnection of the two pipelines, because of high pour point of Daqing crude oil, another difficulty to solve the problem comes from the fact that the two pipelines are hot oil pipeline, of which the heating-pumping stations are equipped with some heaters to heat the crude oil so as to improve its flow ability. For the optimization problem, the basic decision variables can be divided into two types, the discharge temperature of each heating-pumping station and the 0–1 variable which assigns a pump online or offline, and they are dependent to each other. Under certain conditions, the problem can be decomposed into two relatively independent sub-problems, one being the optimization of the oil temperatures in the system, another being the optimization of the matching between a pump combination and the all pipe segments of the system. The first sub-problem has been modeled as a nonlinear programming problem with 55 decision variables and more than one hundred constraints. For simplifying the solving process of the sub-problem, it has been further decomposed into a set of sub-problems, again, each of which can be easily solved. The second sub-problem can be modeled as a dynamic programming problem. On the basis of the models and the algorithms proposed for the above-mentioned problem, a software QTOPT has been developed specially for the Daqing-Tieling oil pipeline system, and has been used in evaluating and optimizing the process design of the system. Also the software can be used to optimize the steady operation of the system.

scholarly journals Determination of Crude Oil Thickness at Night Using Thermal Imagery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toomas H. Allik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Alaskan North Slope

A heat transfer model, has determined millimeter crude oil thicknesses on saltwater at night.  Model inputs are calibrated thermographic imagery, weather station data, metrological observations, and crude oil thermal conductivity.  Outdoor field-testing was performed at the National Oil Spill Response & Renewable Energy Test Facility (Ohmsett) to determine model accuracy.  Alaskan North Slope (ANS), Hoover Offshore Oil Pipeline System Blend (HOOPS), and ROCK crude oils were placed at varying mm depths.  A roof-top mounted thermal camera measured the average oil surface temperature for each target and converted to oil spill thickness.  The fidelity of the thickness measurements is dependent on the accurate measurement of the atmospheric and weather parameters, sea state, heat transfer constants, crude oil evaporation rates, and calibration and stability of the thermal camera.

Applied-Information Technology in Safety Throughput Analysis for Crude Oil Pipeline System

2014 ◽  
Vol 951 ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Pei Pei Qi ◽  
Xiao Nian Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Operation Management ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Technical Measure ◽  
Dynamic Data ◽  
Throughput Analysis ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Microsoft Access ◽  
Process Calculation

The mathematical models of process calculation and safety throughput analysis of crude oil pipeline system have been established. On the basis of.Net platform and Microsoft Access DB tool, With the help of OLE DB database connection, The software of safety throughput analysis for crude oil pipeline system has been developed, by which the function of static and dynamic data management, process calculation, safety throughput calculation can be realized. By means of this technical measure, the operation management level of crude oil pipeline system will increase a huge step.

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