Study on the Spatial Characteristic and Refuge Action in the Offing Earthquake of the Tohoku District Pacific Ocean

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Terasaki ◽  
Kenta Hanai ◽  
Wataru Miyazaki ◽  
Takeo Kondo ◽  
Masashi Sugahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Spatial Characteristic ◽  
City Block ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Evacuation Behaviors

At 14:46 on March 11, 2011, massive tsunami waves triggered by the 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku brought destructive damage to Pacific coastal areas. Considering that about 90% of the deaths were related to tsunami wave drowning, it is important to move to heights as quickly as possible to survive tsunami waves. Spatial characteristics, such as the number of evacuation sites, the locations of evacuation sites, the slopes of evacuation routes, and city block morphologies, will constitute factors that greatly affect evacuation behavior. In this study, we consulted disaster victims to understand what kind of evacuation behaviors they exhibited and analyzed those evacuation behaviors based on the regional distribution of evacuation sites as seen from city streets. The obtained results showed that the positional relationships between city blocks and evacuation sites are influential in determining means of evacuation and behavior patterns at the time of evacuation. Accordingly, it was found that an appropriate distribution of evacuation sites in city blocks is required for future coastal areas.

scholarly journals Intermittent but Rapid Changes to Coastal Landscapes: The Tsunami and El Niño Wave-Formed Sea Arch at Laie Point, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A.

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Storm Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
First Time

Kukuiho’olua Island is an islet that lies 164 m due north of Laie Point, a peninsula of cemented, coastal, Pleistocene and Holocene sand dunes. Kukuiho’olua Island consists of the same dune deposits as Laie Point and is cut by a sea arch, which, documented here for first time, may have formed during the 1 April 1946 “April Fools’s Day Tsunami.” The tsunami-source of formation is supported by previous modeling by other authors, which indicated that the geometry of overhanging sea cliffs can greatly strengthen and focus the force of tsunami waves. Additional changes occurred to the island and arch during the 2015–2016 El Niño event, which was one of the strongest on record. During the event, anomalous wave heights and reversed wind directions occurred across the Pacific. On the night of 24–25 February 2016, large storm waves, resulting from the unique El Niño conditions washed out a large boulder that had lain within the arch since its initial formation, significantly increasing the open area beneath the arch. Large waves also rose high enough for seawater to flow over the peninsula at Laie Point, causing significant erosion of its upper surface. These changes at Laie Point and Kukuio’olua Island serve as examples of long-term, intermittent change to a coastline—changes that, although infrequent, can occur quickly and dramatically, potentially making them geologic hazards.

Seismically Derived Ground Tilts Related to the 2010 Chilean Tsunami

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Chun Freya Chen ◽  
Wu-Cheng Chi ◽  
Chu-Fang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Ocean Bottom Seismometer ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Ground Tilt ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Seismic Networks ◽  
Back Azimuth

Abstract Developing new ways to observe tsunami contributes to tsunami research. Tidal and deep-ocean gauges are typically used for coastal and offshore observations. Recently, tsunami-induced ground tilts offer a new possibility. The ground tilt signal accompanied by 2010 Mw 8.8 Chilean earthquake were observed at a tiltmeter network in Japan. However, tiltmeter stations are usually not as widely installed as broadband seismometers in other countries. Here, we studied broadband seismic records from Japan’s F-net and found ground tilt signals consistent with previously published tiltmeter dataset for this particular tsunamic event. Similar waveforms can also be found in broadband seismic networks in other countries, such as Taiwan, as well as an ocean-bottom seismometer. We documented a consistent time sequence of evolving back-azimuth directions of the tsunami waves at different stages of tsunami propagation through beamforming-frequency–wavenumber analysis and particle-motion analysis; the outcomes are consistent with the tsunami propagation model provided by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. These results shown that dense broadband seismic networks can provide a useful complementary dataset, in addition to tiltmeter arrays and other networks, to study or even monitor tsunami propagation using arrayed methods.

1755, Lisbon

Tsunami ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
James Goff ◽  
Walter Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The City

Most Europeans do not worry about tsunami waves as much as those who live around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, but they should. On All Saint’s Day, 1755, a huge earthquake struck Lisbon, Portugal, causing most stone buildings to collapse, including churches, monasteries, nunneries, and chapels, trapping the faithful inside the ruins, which votive candles quickly turned into burning pyres. Voltaire would write, “The sole consolation is that the Jesuit Inquisitors of Lisbon will have disappeared.” To add to the irony, among the few buildings safely left standing following the disaster were the lightly constructed wooden bordellos of the city. Most of Lisbon’s prostitutes but few of her nuns survived. Tsunami waves would not only kill thousands around Lisbon’s harbor but also travel south to Spain and North Africa, north to Ireland and Wales, and across the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean, flooding the streets of Barbados.

The biogeography of origin and radiation: dendrasterid sand dollars in the northeastern Pacific

Paleobiology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Beadle
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Sand Dollar ◽  
Central California ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Transitional Forms ◽  
Sand Dollars ◽  
And Behavior

Under favorable circumstances, biogeographic and biostratigraphic data can be combined to identify accurately the time and place of origin of a given taxon, and to reconstruct the pattern of its subsequent radiation. This study considers the dendrasterid sand dollars, which are abundant today along the Pacific Coast of North America. The Neogene sand dollar record in this region is particularly good; in fact, sand dollars have traditionally been used as provincial index fossils.The dendrasterids originated in central California at the end of the Miocene; the oldest forms are dated at about 6.0–6.5 Ma. They spread south to Baja California during the Pliocene, and then north to Alaska during the Quaternary. This historical pattern is not an artifact of the record; it is consistent with independent paleogeographic evidence. The dendrasterids supplanted an older Mio-Pliocene sand dollar fauna; they are now completely dominant in the temperate coastal waters of the northeastern Pacific. They have reached this position in less than 7 m.y. since their first local appearance. The rapid rise of dendrasterids could be related to their aberrant morphology and behavior; these adaptations allow dendrasterids to suspension-feed, in a manner unique among living echinoids.Dendrasterids are characterized by “eccentric” test morphologies. Even the oldest species are highly eccentric; transitional forms are unknown. The first dendrasterids appear suddenly in the provincial “Jacalitos Stage,” above an unconformity which represents no more than about 1 m.y. They do not occur in the underlying units, although other fossil sand dollars are abundant. The dendrasterids may have arisen rapidly, through a heterochronic change in the development of older, noneccentric forms. Recent ontogenetic studies have documented the feasibility of this process.

Determination of evacuation routes based on spatial characteristic and least cost path for landslide in Bruno, Purworejo, Central Java

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudaryatno Sudaryatno ◽  
Prima Widayani ◽  
Totok Wahyu Wibowo ◽  
Bayu Aji Sidiq ◽  
Zulfa Nur'aini 'Afifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Characteristic ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Three Excellent New Guidebooks for Especially Coastal Areas of the Pacific Northwest

Taxon ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Rudolf Schmid ◽  
C. P. Lyons ◽  
Bill Merilees ◽  
Jim Pojar ◽  
Andy MacKinnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Kajian Kerentanan Wilayah Pesisir Ditinjau dari Geomorfologi dan Elevasi Pesisir Kota dan Kabupaten Jayapura, Provinsi Papua

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baigo Hamuna ◽  
Annisa Novita Sari ◽  
Alianto Alianto
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Coastal Geomorphology ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Coastal Damage

The coastal areas of both Jayapura Municipality and Regency which is directly opposite to the Pacific Ocean with the multifunctional use is a vulnerable area to disasters. The coastal vulnerability is determined by considering some influential factors, that is geomorphology and elevation to minimize the coastal damage impacts. The purpose of this study is to determine the coastal vulnerability index of Jayapura City and Regency focusing on the coastal geomorphology and elevation. The study area covers a coastal area of 241.86 km along the coastlines of Jayapura Municipality and Regency. The study method includes data collection on the coastal geomorphology and elevation characteristics. The value of coastal vulnerability index of each parameter is determined by dividing into five categories of coastal vulnerability. The result shows territorial division as follows: 145.88 km (61.18%) was not vulnerable, 33.14 km (13.90%) was less vulnerable, 29.03 km (12.17%) was a moderate vulnerability, 12.12 km (5.08%) was vulnerable, and the remaining 18.29 km (7.67%) was very vulnerable. The coastal vulnerability of Jayapura City coastal areas categorized into three classes, i.e. not vulnerable, moderate vulnerable and vulnerable, while the Jayapura Regency coastal areas felt into the following classes: not vulnerable and moderate vulnerable. The most vulnerable areas were of Abepura District, South Jayapura District and Muaratami District, all in the Jayapura Municipality administration. Those areas with high elevation level were not vulnerable at all.

scholarly journals Do the port health officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airports and Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airports have sufficient knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding emergency landing?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Herqutanto Herqutanto ◽  
Albert Wijaya ◽  
Budi Sampurna ◽  
Manaor F.L. Napitupulu ◽  
Ferdi Afian
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Health Officer ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Port Health

Background: : Emergency landing as an airport emergency requires quick and precise action by Port Health Office (PHO) as the medical coordinator. Medical treatment in an emergency landing is critical for the safety of disaster victims, based on the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of airport PHO officers. This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude and behavior of PHO officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (SOETTA) and Zainuddin Abdul Majid International Airport (ZAM) regarding emergency landings. Methods: This is an observational applying cross sectional design. Ninety-eight PHO officers from SOETTA airport and ZAM airport have participated, and their data was collected through questionnaires, and then analyzed based on knowledge, attitude, and practice toward emergency landing. Results: The knowledge of SOETTA PHO officers was sufficient in 63.5% officers, while it was 79.2% in ZAM. SOETTA PHO officers’ attitude was positive in 67.6% while in ZAM it was 54.16%. The behavior of SOETTA PHO officers was good in 55.4% officers while in ZAM it was 75%. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of SOETTA and ZAM PHO officers regarding emergency landings was sufficient. The attitude of SOETTA and ZAM PHO officers regarding emergency landings was positive. The behavior of SOETTA and ZAM PHO officers was good for emergency landings. Keywords: emergency landing, port health officer, knowledge, attitudes and practice   Abstrak Latar belakang: Emergency landing sebagai salah satu keadaan darurat bandara memerlukan tindakan yang cepat dan tepat oleh Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan (KKP) sebagai koordinator medis. Penanganan medis dalam emergency landing sangat menentukan keselamatan dan keamanan korban, yang berbasis pada pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petugas KKP bandara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petugas KKP Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta (SOETTA) dan Bandara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Majid (ZAM) terhadap emergency landing. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah sebuah studi obervasional dengan disain potong lintang. Sembilan puluh delapan petugas KKP dari 74 bandara SOETTA dan 24 bandara ZAM diambil datanya lewat kuesioner.dan selanjutnya dinilai pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terhadap emergency landing. Hasil: Sebanyak 63,5% petugas KKP SOETTA memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup sementara 79,2% petugas ZAM meiliki pengetahuan yang tergolong cukup. Untuk hasil sikap petugas KPP SOETTA yang tergolong positif 67,6% sementara di ZAM sikap petugas KPP yang tergolong positif 54,16%. Untuk hasil perilaku petugas KPP SOETTA yang tergolong baik 55,4% sementara di ZAM perilaku petugas KPP yang tergolong baik 75%. Kesimpulan: Tingkat pengetahuan petugas KKP SOETTA dan petugas KKP ZAM terhadap emergency landing tergolong cukup. Sikap petugas KKP SOETTA dan ZAM terhadap penanganan emergency landing positif. Perilaku petugas KKP SOETTA dan ZAM cukup baik terhadap emergency landing. Kata kunci: emergency landing; petugas KKP; pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku

scholarly journals The Role of Fintech Firms in Contemporary Financial Sector Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 411-423
Author(s):  
Inese Mavlutova ◽  
Tatjana Volkova ◽  
Aivars Spilbergs ◽  
Andris Natrins ◽  
Ilja Arefjevs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternative Financial Services ◽  
Information And Communication

The development of new technologies provided by Information and communication technologies, robotics, artificial intelligence and their application have an essential influence on the business model of the financial sector companies. Changes are taking place through a variety of technology processes in different industries of the financial sector such as payment systems (including cryptocurrencies, smart chaining), customer acquisition and management, crowdfunding, P2P lending. The aim of the research is to study the role of Fintech firms in the changes in the financial sector landscape, as well dynamics of changes in investments in Fintech by regions and by segments. This study provides empirical evidence on the development of alternative financial services and their role in the development of the financial sector. Based on the research results there is strong evidence about statistically significant difference between investments allocated to Fintech firms by regions and vintage. There have been changes in the regional distribution of investment, with North America (85-90%) dominating in the first years of the decade, and Asia and the Pacific accounting for more than a third and Europe for more than 20% of total investment in recent years. Contemporary statistics data analysis also indicates different trends in investments in various Fintech segments by years.

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