A Modified Master Cycle Off-Design Performance and Heat Rate Improvement Optimization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenghao Fan ◽  
Dongsheng Pei ◽  
Xiang He ◽  
Wentai Zhou ◽  
Zengtao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Current Cycle ◽  
Rate Improvement ◽  
Pressure Extraction ◽  
Rate Optimization ◽  
Future Work

Coal-fired power generation will continue to be the cornerstone of China’s energy sources in the coming decades and advanced ultra-supercritical technology is the future of coal-fired power generation. This paper selects double reheat cycle design for study and incorporates back pressure extraction steam turbine (BEST) into current cycle design, which used to drive boiler feed water pump and feed regenerative heaters. This design prevailed in US in 1960s and gradually was replaced by condensing turbine due to less efficiency benefits at subcritical steam condition. Reinvention of BEST design in current double reheat cycle is an evitable choice, because the efficiency advantage is improved at USC steam condition. BEST configuration incorporated into current double reheat cycle and advanced cycle is developed to compare with other two conventional systems in this study. Thermodynamic simulation at design and off-design condition shows that BEST configuration has an obvious efficiency advantage at design load, but the advantage decreases at partial load. BEST expansion line and reheat pressure is integrated in cycle heat rate optimization. Genetic algorithm is chosen to implement the optimization and exergy analysis method is utilized to evaluate BEST expansion line optimization results. Finally, BEST design limitation and future work is practically concluded.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

scholarly journals Improved Optimization Study of Integration Strategies in Solar Aided Coal-Fired Power Generation System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Zhai ◽  
Miaomiao Zhao ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Pan Peng ◽  
Yongping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pressure Extraction ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Integration Strategies

Solar aided coal-fired power generation system (SACFPGS) combines solar energy and traditional coal-fired units in a particular way. This study mainly improves the solar thermal storage system. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the SACFPGS. The best integration approach of the system, the collector area, and the corresponding thermal storage capacity to replace each high-pressure extraction are obtained when the amount of coal saving in unit solar investment per hour is at its largest. System performance before and after the improvement is compared. Results show that the improvement of the thermal storage system effectively increases the economic benefit of the integrated system.

Economy of Efficient Air Preheating With Extraction Steam

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. K. Drewry
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Heat Rejection ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Fixed Charges ◽  
Rate Improvement

Two per cent heat rate improvement of a 275,000 kw unit results from efficient 2-stage steam air preheaters heating to 190 F with 5 F terminal temperature differences. Condenser heat rejection and turbine leaving losses are reduced substantially. Flue-gas losses are not increased. Air heater cleanliness is improved. Maintenance is reduced. Annual coal savings after fixed charges are one half of the net added investment.

Model of a Combined Cycle Steam Section for Use in an On-Line Fuzzy-Based Diagnosis System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Barbosa ◽  
Sandro Ferreira ◽  
Raphael Duarte ◽  
Paula Ribeiro Pinto ◽  
Marília Paula e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Diagnosis System ◽  
Power Plant Equipment ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
On Line ◽  
Good Agreement

In recent years, combined cycle power plants showed remarkable progress in the safe operation and reliability of their equipment, mostly because of the reliable control and instrumentation systems available today. However, these systems cannot detect and evaluate inconsistencies in the behaviour of equipment due to failures and avoid trips caused by catastrophic events. Computer models developed to simulate the power plant equipment are often employed in diagnosis tools in order to provide accurate healthy parameters that are compared to the field measured parameters. In this work, the computer models built for the simulation of some of the main bottoming cycle equipment of a real power plant (steam turbine, HRSG, boiler feed water pumps and condenser) are described. These models were developed through characteristics maps and constitutive equations related to the fluid path analysis, implemented in Fortran language. The results provided by the developed models for each equipment show good agreement with operational data at base and partial load in simulations that covered a good part of the load domain. Due to the good agreement between the measured parameters values and those calculated through simulation, these models are intended to be included in an on-line fuzzy-based diagnosis system.

scholarly journals Theoretical Analysis on the Micro Gas Turbine Integrated Solar Farm for Power Output Stabilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
Firdaus Basrawi ◽  
A.I.M. Al-Anati ◽  
Thamir K. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Hazwan Yusof ◽  
A.A. Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Stabilization ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Grid Operation ◽  
Constant Power Output

Solar farm could not penetrate grid at substantial amount because it could disturb the grid operation due to its fluctuation output. This, the objective of this study is to theoretically analyze the power output stabilization of a solar farm by integration of Micro Gas Turbine (MGT). A 1MW scale of solar farm was first designed according to IEC 60364-5-52:2003, MS281837 and AMBO Chart method. Then, designed solar farm and MGT were modelled and simulated Simulink. In this study, both system need to stabilize power output at 800 kW throughout the year. It was found that it is possible to balance the power output of the solar farm to have constant power output throughout the year at 800 kW. However, all MGTs frequently operated at partial load that decreased their efficiency. Thus, it is possible to solve the solar farm problem with the technique, but further investigation the environmental and economic impact in comparison with a conventional power generation and a solar farm only is needed.

Energy Efficiency by Optimizing Annual Testing Schedules: Coordinating RATA Testing With Other Annual Test Requirements

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Toburen ◽  
Allen Kephart ◽  
Rhonda Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
High Price ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Test Requirements

Nearly every power plant in the US must undergo annual Relative Accuracy Test Audits (RATA testing) to confirm the values reported by their continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS). In order to perform a RATA test, the plant must operate at one or more stable loads for a number of hours. Depending on the type of unit and fuel, the required load levels for RATA testing can range from low, mid and high loads for coal-fired units to a single (normal) load for oil and gas fired units or four loads (from partial load to maximum load) for units utilizing 40 CFR Part 75 Appendix E alternative monitoring systems. Many plants operate in a dispatch environment where the plant is not in control of their load from hour to hour, and some even from minute to minute, such as those operating under Automatic Generation Control (AGC). Scheduling plant loads for the RATA testing must often be done far in advance and can come at a high price when factoring in fuel costs. Because it can be a significant undertaking to schedule the loads for a series of RATA tests, it makes economic sense to schedule other testing also requiring unit stability concurrently with the RATA tests. One of the most important tests that fits this category is performance testing for plant capacity and/or heat rate. Many plants are now required to perform capacity and/or heat rate demonstrations on a periodic basis to support their power purchase agreements or transmission reliability requirements. But even plants without performance test requirements can benefit from gathering performance related data during RATA testing. For plants dispatched based on demonstrated heat rates, understanding the heat rate impact of operating in AGC or at partial loads is essential. Awareness of expected heat rate is also vital for plants that must nominate their fuel consumption requirements in advance. If the RATA test loads are planned correctly, performance data collected during the RATA test periods can be used not only to fulfill required demonstrations for capacity and heat rate, but also to determine the actual annual degradation (recoverable and non-recoverable) observed for the plant equipment. Test data can also be used to build or update performance forecasting tools for dispatch purposes. Depending on the complexity of the RATA testing, multiple load points may be available (from minimum to maximum load) which can provide data on fuel consumption at various loads, supporting fuel purchasing and planning requirements for the plant. This paper intends to outline the value of coordinating annual performance tests with RATA tests in terms of manpower, load scheduling and fuel consumption. This paper will also discuss a number of issues that may arise when coordinating multiple tests — which could be performed by numerous independent parties, as well as the additional benefits which can be gained by collecting adequate performance data during RATA test periods.

Comparison Analysis for TES System in Solar-Aided 600 MW Coal-Fired Power Generation System and Solar-Alone Power Generation System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Wu ◽  
Hongjuan Hou ◽  
Yongping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Pressure Extraction ◽  
Power Generation System

With the shortage of fossil fuels and its negative effects on the environment, solar energy as one type of renewable energy has attracted increasing attention both socially and politically. There are two approached to use solar energy for generating electricity, i.e., using solar energy to directly to make work or integrating solar energy into fossil-fueled plant. The solar-aided coal-fired power generation (SACPG) mechanism is proven an effective way to use solar energy efficiently. In this paper, SACPG system and solar-alone parabolic trough CSP plant are modelled respectively. A comparison discussion related to TES system between SACPG system and solar-alone CSP plant is presented. The aim is to find what role of TES system will play in these two different systems. Through analysis, the role TES system plays varies in solar-alone power generation system and SACPG system. For solar-alone power generation system, the main function for TES system lies in storing surplus solar heat. Besides, there exists an optimum loop number with highest annual SEE with a specific TES hour. However, TES system for SACPG system not only stores the surplus solar heat, but also adjusts working condition. With the help of TES system, the working condition could be set as the high-pressure extraction steam could be totally replaced by solar heat. By doing so, annual solar power generation and annual SEE could be improved compared with that without TES system.

Energetic and Environmental Analysis of Partial Repowering of a Coal Fired Power Plant Through Upstream GT Integration and Employing Waste Heated Feed Water Heaters

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Samanta ◽  
S. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Forced Flow ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Air Preheater ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Loads ◽  
Consequent Increase

This paper presents a theoretical study of partial repowering scheme for an existing 210MW coal fired power plant and reports predicted performance improvement obtainable from the repowering by using Cycle Tempo software. In this method old boiler is used as it is, only modifying its air heater and forced flow sections. Out of four operating coal mills, one mill is considered to be taken out. A new natural gas fired gas turbine (GT) block is considered to be integrated with the existing plant whose exhaust is fed to the existing boiler. The GT size is selected such that its exhaust provide heat input equivalent to the replaced coal mill. The burners associated with that coal mill are assumed to be modified to handle hot exhaust gas from the GT block. It is noticed that a substantial amount of energy is available in the flue gas, coming out from the boiler, after the air preheater which can partially meet the heat loads of feed water heaters. This helps in saving of intermediate pressure (IP) and low pressure (LP) bleed steam and consequent increase in the output of the steam cycle. The partial repowering results in nearly 40% increase in capacity of the plant (from 210MW to 284MW). It also results in substantial increase in overall efficiency of the repowered plant by 28%, and consequent decrease in plant heat rate by 22%. The specific CO2 emission of the plant decreases about 31% after repowering.

Low DP FlameSheet™ Extended Validation of a Flexible, Low Emissions, Higher Output and Efficiency F-Class Turbine Upgrade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Rizkalla ◽  
Timothy Hui ◽  
Fred Hernandez ◽  
Matthew Yaquinto ◽  
Ramesh KeshavaBhattu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Rate Improvement ◽  
Combustion Systems

Abstract Renewables proliferation in the energy market is driving the need for flexibility in gas fired power plants to enable a wider and emissions compliant operability range. The ability for a gas fired plant to peak fire while maintaining emissions compliance, full life interval capability, improved simple and combined cycle heat rate and the ability to achieve extended turndown, positions a gas fired asset to benefit from an improved capacity factor, and overall economic viability in an increasingly renewables’ dependent energy market. The low pressure drop FlameSheet™ combustor variant’s implementation alongside PSM’s Gas Turbine Optimization Package (GTOP3.1) on a commercially operating frame 7FA heavy duty gas turbine in 2018 and as introduced in GT2019-91647, is presented with emphasis on extended validation of operational and emissions/tuning performance at different ambient conditions, higher peak firing and minimum load after one year of continuous commercial operation. The output and heat rate improvement achieved with the FlameSheet™/GTOP3.1 conversion thus enabling improved capacity is also discussed. As shale gas continue to grow as a dominant source of the U.S Natural gas supply, the need for fuel flexible combustion systems enabling tolerance to higher ethane/ethylene concentrations associated with Shale gas is required for improved operability. The adverse impact and means to mitigate such higher ethane/ethylene content on standard F-Class heavy duty combustion systems is also presented as part of said FlameSheet™/GTOP 3.1 conversion.

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