Increasing Steam Turbine Capacity

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah H. Cioffi
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stage Properties ◽  
Turbine Capacity ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Work Done

Steam turbine owners are often searching for opportunities to increase power output. Increases in steam turbine flow capacity yield a proportional increase in power output, but there is more to increasing capacity than just opening up nozzle areas. This paper describes how Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis personnel increased the flow capacity and power output using original blading on a large, supercritical, reheat unit while maintaining a high level of efficiency. Much attention was given to the as-left stage properties in order to minimize the change in efficiency from the design levels. The work is documented using a timeline which centers on the outage. Much of the engineering work done prior to the outage minimized the time necessary during the outage to complete the modifications. Before and after test results demonstrate the cost-benefit of the capacity increase.

scholarly journals The Economics of Education in Sierra Leone

1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhas L. Ketkar
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
University Education ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

With respect to investment in education, two important questions need to be examined. The first is concerned with the amount to be invested in primary and secondary schools, and the institutions of higher learning, and the second relates to the distribution of total costs among the state, private institutions, and those who receive education.This short article first evaluates the existing formal educational system in Sierra Leone with the help of the cost-benefit technique. In order to obtain guidelines for future investment policies the internal social rates of return are computed for the various levels of education. Then the supply and demand of trained personnel are estimated for the period 1975–9 on the basis of the following classification: (i) high level (those with university education), (ii) middle level (those with some secondary education and technical/vocational training), and (iii) primary- and secondary-school teachers. The projections show that shortages will occur in all three groups during the next five years, above all at the middle level where a 70 per cent increase in the expected supply will be necessary to meet the requirements.

scholarly journals Cost and Benefit Analysis of Contract Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
N Harish
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

This article focused on cost-benefit analysis of contract farming. The cost benefit analysis includes total cost, total income and profit before and after contract farming of respondents. Total cost calculated without fixed cost and with fixed cost, profit also calculated with fixed cost and without fixed cost. Contract farming is beneficial to farmers after contract farming. The total cost should be considered without fixed cost.

scholarly journals Application of Biometric Technology in Financial Shared Service Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Yanchang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
User Authentication ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Service Center ◽  
Biometric Technology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shared Service ◽  
The Times ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Service Channels

With the development of the times, financial shared service center has become more and more diversified and complex and the traditional financial system cannot meet the needs of enterprises. Only by providing services anytime and anywhere can we be invincible. In order to reduce costs and improve efficiency, financial institutions deploy biometric technology in various service channels to ensure user authentication and improve the security and timeliness of business processing. Therefore, this article puts forward the application of biometrics in financial shared service center. In order to verify the advantages of biometric technology, this paper analyzes the efficiency and management cost of biometric technology after it is put into use, and tests the cost change of an enterprise for four consecutive years and the change of personnel age for three consecutive years. Through this analysis, it is concluded that the input of biometric technology is conducive to the control of enterprise cost and the adjustment of personnel structure. In order to further the feasibility of biometric technology, this paper compares the data before and after the reform of enterprise financial system. The results show that the efficiency of financial business processing has increased from 5.8 days to 0.41 days, and the efficiency has increased by 14.15 times, which is in the international high level, and the financial shared service center is more intelligent and efficient. Through the analysis, the research in this paper has achieved ideal results and made a contribution to the application of biometric technology in financial shared service center.

Economic Viability of On-Line Compressor Washing for Different Rated Capacity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gali Musa ◽  
Uyioghosa Igie ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Sule Gowon
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
On Line ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Cost

On-line compressor washing has shown to relatively improve engine performance by decelerating the rate of engine degradation due to fouling during operation. There is a number of influencing parameters that determine the economic benefit, some of which includes the frequency of washing, the effectiveness of washing liquid and the size of the engine or power output produced. This study, unlike others, explores the cost-benefit analysis, focusing on the viability of compressor washing for various gas turbine engines or rated capacities, ranging from a 5MW single machine to a 300MW unit. Fouling degradation trend obtained from actual machine operation have been implemented and the application of different washing frequencies and recoveries of lost power shows the significantly higher return on investment for the larger engines in comparison to the smaller engines. This is partly due to the fact that the washing equipment cost, though increases with engine size, does not increase proportionally. Another contributing factor is the cost penalty per MW when the same level of degradation is implemented for all the engines. Some of the key aspects captured in this study are the capital and maintenance cost used, that relates to the different engine sizes, therefore ensuring a more indicative basis for comparing the viability of the different engines. This also includes the estimation of washing liquid utilised based on their respective typical mass flows. When the number of engines increases to 4 for a given operations, the return on investment increases by a factor of 3.5. This is possible as one wash unit can be applied to more than one engine within proximity. Higher return on investment is achieved when more than one relatively small engine is used to obtain a higher total power output. This is about 1.7 times higher for four 63MW engines versus one 255MW, as relatively cheaper washing equipment is implemented for the same total operational capacity. The study also shows that on-line washing is not always viable for electric power generation. This is observed for smaller light-duty engines, especially in situations when the level of fouling is relatively low.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Reducing Surgical Site Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Alexander Rosemurgy ◽  
Jacqueline Whitaker ◽  
Kenneth Luberice ◽  
Christian Rodriguez ◽  
Darrell Downs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Pancreatic Resections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abdominal Operations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Surgical Site Infections (SSI) represent an onerous burden on our health-care system. This study was undertaken to determine the impact of a protocol aimed at reducing SSIs on the frequency and cost of SSIs after abdominal surgery. Beginning in 2013, 811 patients undergoing gastrointestinal operations were prospectively followed. In 2014, we initiated a protocol to reduce SSIs. SSIs were monitored before and after protocol implementation, and differences in SSI incidence and associated costs were determined. Before protocol initiation, standardized operative preparation cost was $40.85 to $126.94 per patient depending on the results of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus screen; after protocol initiation, the cost was $43.85 per patient, saving up to $83.09 per patient. With the protocol in place, SSI rate was reduced from 4.9 to 3.4 per cent (13 of 379) representing a potential prevention of eight infections that would have cost payers $166,280 ($20,785 per infection). Notably, the SSI rate after pancreatectomy was reduced by 63 per cent ( P = 0.04). With preparation and diligence, SSI rate can be meaningfully reduced and potential cost savings can be achieved. In particular, SSI rate reduction for major abdominal operations and especially pancreatic resections can be achieved. A protocol to reduce SSI is a “win-win” for all stakeholders and should be encouraged with thoughtful and active participation from all hospital disciplines.

Impact assessment following implementation of a vascular access team

2020 ◽  
pp. 112972982098428
Author(s):  
Mª Inés Corcuera Martínez ◽  
Marco Aldonza Torres ◽  
Ana Mª Díez Revilla ◽  
Sara Maali Centeno ◽  
Amaya Mañeru Oria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Perceived Satisfaction ◽  
Anaesthesia Service ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Background: A vascular access team (VAT) was created in 2018 with the aim of improving vascular access and reducing complications associated with catheters. The impact of the introduction of a VAT in the insertion and maintenance of peripheral insertion central catheters (PICCs) was assessed. The cost-benefit associated with the use of a VAT was evaluated and the satisfaction of patients and professionals interacting with the VAT was measured. Methods: In a prospective study, 275 PICCs inserted by the VAT were assessed for their impact on complications. PICCs were implanted with maximum barrier measures using an ultrasound with IC-ECG. Also, patient and professional satisfaction have been analysed thought a questionnaire over the phone or online, and hospital financial data was used to assess the cost impact of the insertion methodology followed by the VAT versus Anaesthesia Service. Results: The thrombosis rate was 2.5% (7) and the bacteraemia rate was 1.1% (3). The use of the IC-ECG was correlated with a lower complication than the RX + IC-ECG (OR = 3.28, p = 0.021). In addition, there was a high level of perceived satisfaction for the patients surveyed and for the healthcare professionals involved in the care and management of these devices. The calculated saving for the implementation of the VAT was 61.81% compared with PICCs implanted in Anaesthesia Service. Conclusion: Low complication rates and high overall satisfaction scores in patients and professionals were observed, showing that a specialist VAT can have a positive impact in the insertion of PICCs and which also has a clear economic benefit.

scholarly journals Getting the Most out of Ensemble Forecasts: A Valuation Model Based on User–Forecast Interactions

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2561-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Millner
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Value ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Ensemble Forecasts ◽  
Valuation Model ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

Abstract A flexible theoretical model of perceived forecast value is proposed that explicitly includes the effects of user and ensemble characteristics and their interactions. The model can be applied to arbitrary decision problems and is sensitive to a much wider range of factors than traditional forecast valuation models. A simple illustration of its application to the cost–loss decision problem familiar from the forecast valuation literature is discussed. It is shown that perceived value is highly sensitive to perceived model accuracy and that in most cases a high level of perceived accuracy is required for the forecasts to be thought to have any value at all. Decisions with a cost–benefit ratio that is close to the climatological probability of the adverse event are shown to be less sensitive to perceived accuracy. The model shows that it is possible for perceived value to remain unchanged when perceived accuracy increases, thus suggesting an explanation for why forecast uptake often does not increase after improvements in model performance are made. Last, it is argued that attempts to increase forecast uptake should be targeted at those users whose cost–benefit ratios fall in a restricted range that depends on the climatological probability of the event and an objective measure of the ensemble accuracy.

A Steam Turbine Fault Diagnostic System Based on the Web and Database Technologies

2009 ◽  
Vol 413-414 ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Guang Xiong Song ◽  
Yu Jiong Gu ◽  
Yong Yong He ◽  
Fu Lei Chu
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Experienced Personnel

The steam turbine is the principal mover in the field of electric power generation. It is very important and necessary to monitor and evaluate the running conditions and diagnose the faults of the steam turbine for the safe and normal running of the electric power plant. Fault diagnosis of the steam turbine is a complicated process and requires high level of the expertise. In order to significantly reduce the cost consumed in the fault diagnosis, increase the consistency of diagnosing decision-making, and better utilize the turbine’s management information resource, in this paper, an integrated Web-based expert system of the fault diagnosis for general purpose has been developed for the steam turbine of a power station. Moreover, it can be regarded as an advisory tool to those field engineers having much technical experience and as a training tool to less-experienced personnel who need guidance and advice. This paper describes a research project aiming to develop a web-based intelligent diagnostic system for the steam turbine, and discusses the process of the fault diagnosis and the issues involved in developing the system. The paper also includes several practical issues related to the architectures of the intelligent web-based applications. The system is built on a three-tier architecture, including the following components: knowledge base, inference engine, knowledge administration interface, user interface, knowledge administration, and integrated database. The diagnostic system employs heuristic rules to diagnose the steam turbine faults.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF GROWING OF SWITCHGRASS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Viktor Mazur ◽  
Yurii Branitskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technological Methods

The article presents economic assessment of technological methods of cultivation of switchgrass. The most effective technologic activities to ensure maximum growth yield of dry biomass of switchgrass and the highest econonomic efficiency. The highest efficiency was obtained at the variant where there have been two pre-cultivation before and after the rolling ladder. The varieties Сave-in-rock and Сarthage the third and fourth years the farming cost of production from the realization of biomass in this variant amounted to 11,875 and 15,390; 9,595 and 13,870 UAH/ha, and profit from sales of products – 4,157 and 7,381; 1,974 and 5,950 UAH/ha and profitability of Cave-in-rock – 92,2 and Сarthage – 75.1 per cent in the fourth year of vegetation. A high level of profitability obtained on the variant, where conducted, only two pre-cultivation the varieties of millet lozovenko the fourth year of vegetation: Cave-in-rock – of 87.0 and Сarthage was 69.2%. The cultivation of plants during second year of vegetation was not effective, the level of profitability at grades Сarthage from 25,6 to -43,3% and cave-in-rock from -12,6 to -36,7%. The highest indicators of economic efficiency were obtained in the variant with row-spacing width of 45 cm from plant switchgrass third and fourth year of cultivation. The varieties Cave-in-rock and Сarthage the cost from the sale of biomass amounted to 12635 and 15675; 7885 and 13870 UAH/ha, and profit from sales of products – 4844 and 7553; 493 and 5950 UAH/ha profitability of millet varieties depended primarily on year of vegetation, width of row spacing and varietal characteristics. The highest level of profitability obtained from varieties of millet the fourth year of vegetation with a width between rows 45 cm – 75.1% in the variety Cartage and 93.0% of the varieties cave-in-rock. A lower level of profitability obtained for the variant in terms of 2017, where inter-row spacing was 30 cm from millet varieties cave-in-rock – 73,6% and Cartage – 50.5 per cent. Key words: switchgrass, row spacing, pre-sowing soil.

Peripheral Vision in Martial Arts Experts: The Cost-Dependent Anchoring of Gaze

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hausegger ◽  
Christian Vater ◽  
Ernst-Joachim Hossner
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Tae Kwon Do ◽  
Kung Fu ◽  
Gaze Anchoring ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

Research on martial arts has suggested that gaze anchoring is functional for optimizing the use of peripheral visual information. The current study predicted that the height of gaze anchoring on the opponent’s body would depend on the potential attacking locations that need to be monitored. To test this prediction, the authors compared high-level athletes in kung fu (Qwan Ki Do), who attack with their arms and legs, with Tae Kwon Do fighters, who attack mostly with their legs. As predicted, the results show that Qwan Ki Do athletes anchor their gaze higher than Tae Kwon Do athletes do before and even during the first attack. In addition, gaze anchoring seems to depend on 3 factors: the particulars of the evolving situation, crucial cues, and specific visual costs (especially suppressed information pickup during saccades). These 3 factors should be considered in future studies on gaze behavior in sports to find the most functional, that is, cost-benefit-optimized, gaze pattern.

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