Practical Estimation of Retorque Requirements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Bausman
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
End User ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
To Come ◽  
Gasket Material ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
Flexible Graphite ◽  
Industry Experience ◽  
Initial Assembly

Abstract The initial assembly of a bolted flanged joint (BFJ) commonly includes several ramped torque steps using various bolt torque patterns, final circular pass(es) at 100% of target torque, and then the choice of whether and when to come back and retorque the just-assembled joint. The value of retorquing a newly assembled bolted flanged joint varies significantly by which gasket material and type is used in the joint. The additional maintenance costs of labor, tool rental, scaffolding, crane usage, etc. to perform a retorque on a joint can be significant, but the larger cost is generally the additional process downtime. Gaskets based on sheet materials are often retorqued. Conventional practice indicates that BFJs with gaskets made from flexible graphite or fiber sheets typically do not benefit from retorques, or at least do not benefit enough to offset the additional costs. Conversely, industry experience with many polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based gaskets indicates these joints benefit significantly from retorquing a BFJ after initial assembly. This paper explores some practical methods to estimate potential retorque benefit as a function of retained gasket stress without the retorque at temperatures normally “in range” for the gasket material being considered. That is, at temperatures that would not cause thermal damage to the gasket material. For flexible graphite and fiber materials known to experience mechanical property degradation with time and/or temperature (“aging”), a typical 5-year life is used. For PTFE gaskets known to relax primarily with temperature and that do not appreciably age, use of the Hot Blowout Thermal Cycling test (HOBTC) can provide a quick evaluation of gasket stress loss as a function of temperature. Retained gasket stress in both cases can then be used to estimate tightness for the gasket material using the Room Temperature Tightness (ROTT) data. If the joint is still at or above required tightness, then retorquing the joint soon after initial assembly is of little benefit. If the gasket has lost enough stress, then a retorque can bring the gasket stress back into range to provide sufficient tightness. Knowing this, the end user can make better choices for both gasket material selection and assembly procedures in order to reduce overall job costs.

scholarly journals Uma proposta de reestruturação dos canais de distribuição como vantagem competitiva no varejo de alimentos

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-374
Author(s):  
Marcos Livato ◽  
Gideon Carvalho de Benedicto
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
End User ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Definition Of

The new "molds" of competitiveness have suggested that the attentions should be focused on an efficient management of the supply chain in the supermarket departments, starting from the producer until the end user of the products, reducing the operational costs. It's known that the elimination of some of these stages of intermediation of the ways of distribution can represent to the small and mediums retailers an important competitive advantage, with the elimination of the additional costs charged by the intermediaries. The objective of this work is to propose a model of restructuring  of the ways of distribution in the brazilian retail of  food through of the strategy, inducing the elimination of the intermediaries. The search of the bibliography was used like basement to the definition of the methodology of this search, that was realized through of an observational study realized with nineteen Central Business Supermarket s in the state of São Paulo. To do the collection of the datas was prepared a questionary with specific questions. After the collection of the datas and tab, were used techniques quantitive  of analysis of datas through of SAS system. The study intends to discuss the proposal of the cooperation's networks like a strategic alternative, with the possibility of elimination of some phases of intermediation of the distribuition's ways.

scholarly journals The new (and improved!) CERN Single-Sign-On

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Adeel Ahmad ◽  
Asier Aguado Corman ◽  
Maria Fava ◽  
Maria V. Georgiou ◽  
Julien Rische ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
User Experience ◽  
End User ◽  
Single Sign On ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Way

The new CERN Single-Sign-On (SSO), built around an open source stack, has been in production for over a year and many CERN users are already familiar with its approach to authentication, either as a developer or as an end user. What is visible upon logging in, however, is only the tip of the iceberg. Behind the scenes there has been a significant amount of work taking place to migrate accounts management and to decouple Kerberos [1] authentication from legacy Microsoft components. Along the way the team has been engaging with the community through multiple fora, to make sure that a solution is provided that not only replaces functionality but also improves the user experience for all CERN members. This paper will summarise key evolutions and clarify what is to come in the future.

We Need More Accurate and More Useful Environmental Assessment of Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpad Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
To Come ◽  
Construction Operation

<p>Broadly defined, infrastructure includes structures, equipment, and services that provide society with shelter, mobility, water services, and energy. It is one of the most important investments soci- ety and private organizations make in perpetuity, year after year, generation after generation. It is also one of the most expensive. Suboptimal or outright bad decisions end up costing us a lot.</p><p>The external costs of infrastructure are not understood completely, but they are sure to be enor- mous. It is up to all professionals involved with infrastructure, primarily civil and environmental en- gineers, to help in assessing the environmental and societal costs of infrastructure, one of the most important components of a more sustainable future. We need to reduce external costs, as well as manage the life cycles of infrastructure components with resource depletion, rising economic costs, changing societal expectations, climate change, and an ever-changing global society in view.</p><p>There is widespread manifestation that we have not done enough about our civil infrastructure. While the energy system, vehicle manufacturing, and a handful of other industries have already spent significant research and development resources to reduce their external costs, we can do much more about our buildings, roads, and mobility, water, and waste management systems with respect to smarter and more sustainable material selection, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and end of life. These systems are interconnected, and the way to reduce their im- pacts will have to come through multifaceted approaches that simultaneously consider the various systems. We need to start asking questions that span multiple infrastructure systems, and develop models and methods that simultaneously improve and optimize them. However, across the board, data are missing to make the best decisions. Infrastructure is ubiquitous but unique, which makes data collection challenging. But using average data and assuming that all infrastructure components are the same throughout their life cycle around the world is unhelpful for robust decision making. We need to accelerate data collection and methods development for environmental assessment of infrastructure.</p>

A Framework for Citizen-Centric Government Websites

2010 ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dianne Lux Wigand
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
End User ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Government Web Sites ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
To Come

This author argues for a stronger end-user and citizen-centric approach to the development and evaluation of e-government services provided via the Internet. Over the past decade government agencies at all levels have created web sites that provide primarily information and only offer few two-way transactions. The predicted and hoped for resulting transformation of government at all levels due to the advent of Internet services seems yet to occur. The overall development of e-government services has been slow and uneven. To add value to existing and future government web sites, public administrators need to come to grips with a framework presented here and to understand the nature of and relationships among three variables: End-user, task, and channel characteristics and then consider their respective role and impact on channel selection. This framework along with an end-user perspective enables public administrators to assess not only the value of current information and service channels, but newer information and communication technologies such as those found in Web 2.0 or social media developments. Recommendations are offered.

The Changing Retail Cost Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Alan Treadgold ◽  
Jonathan Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
To Come ◽  
Established Firms ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

This chapter examines the changing retail cost model. As established firms re-think existing business models, most will need to come to terms with a rather different operating cost model than the one they have been used to in a pre-internet era, when retailing was conducted entirely out of physical stores. Equally, new entrants may struggle to achieve sustainable performance without understanding the full implications of their evolving cost base. In an omni-channel world where shoppers are, as we have discussed, showing much more appetite to shop online and across multiple touchpoints, the implications for the cost model of traditional retailers are considerable. The extent to which any additional costs of omni-channel retailing become ‘baked in’ to the model is also up for discussion.

County Funds, Delays in Procurement Process, and Budget Absorption in County Governments in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Charles Okeyo Owuor
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
End User ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Flow Of Funds ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
Revenue Allocation ◽  
To Come ◽  
National Governments

County governments in Kenya have been consistently accused of poor budget absorption. This article sought to assess misallocation of county funds and the delays in procurement process on budget absorption in county governments in Kenya. Descriptive research design was used. The study found out that there was misallocation of funds from the national governments to county treasuries and from the county treasuries to various department projects and activities which in effect affected the procurement processes. Procurement functions in the county governments were inefficient owing to the lead time and bureaucracies involved in procurement. The study therefore recommended for county governments in collaboration with commission for revenue allocation and the national treasuries to come up with a criterion for ensuring smooth flow of funds from the national treasury to the end user departments.

scholarly journals Ecommerce Policy Conundrum Disrupting Consumer Efficacy Euphoria and Ease are Becoming the Elucidated Predictors in The Emerging Lifestyle of Indian Online Purchasing Diaspora.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 592-597
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
End User ◽  
Need Fulfillment ◽  
Buyer Power ◽  
To Come ◽  
Consumer Journey

Physical store based need fulfillment and shopping as physical experience has been largely challenged and continuously reducing the demarcation between offline and online buyer preferences globally and especially in a thickly populated country like India the models are surprising evolving into a well favoured and highly accepted societal upheaval more precisely in the recent past. Humpty number of want factors initially drove the market with tough irresistible bargaining saw the cash burn minimized and brand supremacy reigned in .Things started looking apparently different in a deciduous to deadly adoption rates blistering with woven choices and solid preferences backed by quality decisions making Indian ecommerce market a formidable dominant in the years to come. The culminating reasons embedded in the psycho-socio-cultural fabric rather than the pure cost and scarcity based simple need fulfillment. The consumer journey just began riddled with information fuelled buyer power stoically sewn into the age old mortared models. Ecommerce marketspace is filled with unappalled expectations where companies are stoically gunning for lifetime customer value and virtual anecdotes leading to unquestionable loyalty might be in the chosen segments either by the firm or by the end user with the extensive deployment of technology in forecasting and fulfilling existing and emerging needs of the digital users

scholarly journals An IOT based smart metering development for energy management system

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3041 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G Priyadharshini ◽  
C. Subramani ◽  
J. Preetha Roselyn
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
End User ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

<p>The worldwide energy demand is increasing and hence necessity measures need to be taken to reduce the energy wastage with proper metering infrastructure in the buildings. A Smart meter can be used to monitor electricity consumption of customers in the smart grid technology. For allocating the available resources proper energy demand management is required. During the past years, various methods are being utilized for energy demand management to precisely calculate the requirements of energy that is yet to come. A large system presents a potential esteem to execute energy conservation as well as additional services linked to energy services, extended as a competent with end user is executed. The supervising system at the utilities determines the interface of devices with significant advantages, while the communication with the household is frequently proposing particular structures for appropriate buyer-oriented implementation of a smart meter network. Also, this paper concentrates on the estimation of vitality utilization. In this paper energy is measured in units and also product arrangement is given to create bill for energy consumption and implementing in LabVIEW software. An IOT based platform is created for remote monitoring of the metering infrastructure in the real time. The data visualization is also carried out in webpage and the data packet loss is investigated in the remote monitoring of the parameters.</p>

scholarly journals Trust Concerns Regarding Health-Related Smartphone Apps in Collecting Personally Identifiable Information Throughout COVID-19-like Zoonosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Molla Rashied Hussein ◽  
Md. Ashikur Rahman ◽  
Md. Jahidul Hassan Mojumder ◽  
Shakib Ahmed ◽  
Ehsanul Hoque Apu
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
End User ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personally Identifiable Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Health Experts

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a zoonosis, which means a disease that contaminates from the animals to the humans. Since it is very highly epizootic, it has forced the public health experts to implement smartphone-based applications to trace its swift transmission trajectory as well as the affected individuals. For this, the individuals’ personally identifiable information is utilized. Nonetheless, these information may hamper privacy and cyber security, especially the trust concerns, if not handled properly. If the issues are not resolved at this very moment, the consequences will induce the mass level population to use the health-related applications in their smartphones inadequately. Therefore, a catastrophe will be imminent for another COVID-19-like zoonosis to come. So, to mitigate, an extensive study was required to address this severe issue, namely, trust concern. This paper has studied the needed by discussing the recently designed and developed health-related applications region by region across the world. Moreover, it has analyzed the benefits and drawbacks. The trust defiance is recognized and inspected from the perspective of an end-user. Some recommendations are advised in the later part of this paper to leverage and collaborate the awareness campaign between the Government, the App Developers and the common individuals.

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