scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of Australian osteopaths who teach: A national sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Paul Orrock ◽  
Brett Vaughan ◽  
Michael Fleischmann ◽  
Kylie Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Binary Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: Health professionals involved in teaching future practitioners have been studied to some extent, but our knowledge of their clinical characteristics is variable. Our study sought to profile the clinical characteristics of osteopaths who teach in the three Australian universities delivering pre-professional osteopathy education.Materials: This study is a secondary analysis of data collected via the Australian Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION) project. Descriptive statistics were generated for each of the 27-item questionnaire variables. For binary responses, unadjusted odds ratios were calculated, and for continuous variables, independent t-tests were used. Backward step-wise regression modelling was used to identify significant characteristics associated with university teaching in osteopathy. Results: The survey demonstrated 9.9% of Australian osteopaths reported being involved in university teaching. Compared to non-teaching survey respondents, the osteopaths involved in university teaching were more likely to be female (OR 1.56), older (p  0.01) and in clinical practice for longer (p  0.01) but report fewer patient care hours (p  0.01) and patient visits per week (p  0.01). Osteopaths involved in university teaching were also more likely to be involved in research (OR 18.54) and clinical supervision (OR 12.39). They also reported a broader range of patient presentations and therapeutic modalities than their counterparts.Conclusions: This nationally representative survey demonstrates a small percentage of the Australian osteopathy profession are engaged in university teaching. Our secondary analysis has highlighted several characteristics associated with involvement in university teaching that begin to shed light on the composition of the Australian osteopathy teaching workforce. This data may inform development of a skilled and experienced teaching workforce.

scholarly journals Demographic, Practice and Clinical Management Characteristics of Osteopaths Referring to, and Receiving Referrals from, Podiatrists: Secondary Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample of Australian Osteopaths.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fleischmann ◽  
Brett Vaughan ◽  
Adam Bird ◽  
Sandra Grace ◽  
Kylie Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Interprofessional Care ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Outcomes Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Practice ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background Interprofessional care is paramount in contemporary healthcare practice. How different professions interact, and the characteristics of those practitioners who practice in an interprofessional way are rarely described in the literature. The aim of the current work was to identify the demographic, practice and clinical management characteristics of Australian osteopaths who report referring to, and receiving referrals from, podiatrists Methods The study was a secondary analysis of data from the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION). Inferential statistics were generated to identify statistically significant demographic, practice and clinical management characteristics associated with referrals. Significant characteristics were then entered into a backward logistic regression model. Results Nine-hundred and ninety-two Australian osteopaths responded to the questionnaire. Sending referrals to a podiatrist was reported by 651 participants (65.6%) and receiving referrals from a podiatrist by 471 participants (47.5%). Australian osteopaths who reported referring to podiatrists were more likely to report receiving referrals from podiatrists (ORadj 10.82) and use diagnostic imaging (ORadj 9.87). Receiving referrals from a podiatrist was associated with sending referrals to a podiatrist (ORadj 10.04) and also being co-located with a podiatrist (ORadj 2.02). Conclusion This study provides initial evidence for the referral relationship between Australian osteopaths and podiatrists. Further work is now required to understand the nature of these referrals, including the complaints resulting in referral and outcomes of care. This information will be invaluable to those involved in health policy development and the professions advocating for their role in the wider healthcare system.

scholarly journals Prevalence, pattern and determinants of chronic disease multimorbidity in Nepal: secondary analysis of a national survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e047665
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Dhungana ◽  
Khem Bahadur Karki ◽  
Bihungum Bista ◽  
Achyut Raj Pandey ◽  
Meghnath Dhimal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence, pattern and determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) multimorbidity in Nepal.DesignSecondary analysis of the data from the NCD survey 2018, which was conducted between 2016 and 2018.SettingThe data belong to the nationally representative survey, that selected the study samples from throughout Nepal using multistage cluster sampling.Participants8931 participants aged 20 years and older were included in the study.Primary outcomesNCD multimorbidity (occurrence of two or more chronic conditions including hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease and cancer). Descriptive statistics, prevalence ratio and odds ratio were computed to assess pattern and determinants of multimorbidity.ResultsMean (SD) age was 46.7 years (14.9 years). The majority of the participants were women (57.8%), without formal education (53.4%) and from urban areas (51.5%). Multimorbidity was present in 13.96% (95% CI: 12.9% to 15.1%). Hypertension and diabetes coexisted in 5.7%. Age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) level and rural–urban setting were significantly associated with multimorbidity.ConclusionMultimorbidity was prevalent in particular groups or geographical areas in Nepal suggesting a need for coordinated and integrated NCD care approach for the management of multiplicative co-comorbid conditions.

scholarly journals The effect of food insecurity during college on graduation and type of degree attained: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Julia A Wolfson ◽  
Noura Insolera ◽  
Alicia J Cohen ◽  
Cindy W Leung
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
First Generation Students ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of food insecurity during college on graduation and degree attainment. Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal panel data. We measured food insecurity concurrent with college enrollment using the 18-question USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. Educational attainment was measured in 2015-2017 via two questions about college completion and highest degree attained. Logistic and multinomial-logit models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics were estimated. Setting: United States (US) Participants: A nationally representative, balanced panel of 1,574 college students in the US in 1999-2003 with follow-up through 2015-2017 from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results: In 1999-2003, 14.5% of college students were food insecure and were more likely to be older, non-White, and first-generation students. In adjusted models, food insecurity was associated with lower odds of college graduation (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88, p=0.01) and lower likelihood of obtaining a Bachelor’s degree (RRR 0.57 95% CI: 0.35, 0.92, p=0.02) or graduate/professional degree (RRR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.86, p=0.022). These associations were more pronounced among first-generation students. 47.2% of first-generation students who experienced food insecurity graduated from college; food insecure first-generation students were less likely to graduate compared to first-generation students who were food secure (47.2% vs. 59.3%, p=0.020) and non-first-generation students who were food insecure (47.2% vs. 65.2%, p=0.037). Conclusions: Food insecurity during college is a barrier to graduation and higher degree attainment, particularly for first-generation students. Existing policies and programs that help mitigate food insecurity should be expanded and more accessible to the college student population.

scholarly journals Social-Emotional Difficulties in Irish Children Aged Five and Nine Years: A National, Longitudinal Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Ann Swift ◽  
Roy McConkey ◽  
Philip Curry ◽  
Edurne Garcia Iriarte
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

A small proportion of children experience social-emotional difficulties from early childhood onwards. Longitudinal studies with nationally representative samples are needed to identify the prevalence and the characteristics of children and families persistently experiencing these difficulties. Secondary analysis of data collected on over 7500 Irish children and with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as the primary indicator, found that 6% of children when they were five year olds and 8% when they were nine-years, had above threshold scores that warranted further investigation. A smaller proportion—2.9% had elevated scores at both ages. Logistic regression analyses found that children with one or more developmental disabilities were up to six times more likely to have sustained difficulties. There were also significant associations with the lower education attainment of primary caregivers and the socio-economic deprivation of families. Primary caregivers and teachers reported higher conflict in their relationships with these children. Although the number of Irish children presenting with continuing social-emotional difficulties is small, they can present an ongoing and future societal cost in terms of the impact on family relations and demands placed on educational, health and social services. This study identified the children and families who are at greatest risk and for whom targeted early intervention services could be provided.

scholarly journals Reframing the Medication Experience in Pharmacy Using Seminal Concepts of Patient-Centered Care—Implications for Practice

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Brian Isetts ◽  
Anthony Olson ◽  
Jon Schommer
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Patient Centered Care ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Medication Experience

Team-based, Patient-Centered Care is essential to chronic disease prevention and management but there are differing ideas about the concept’s meaning across healthcare populations, settings and professions. This commentary’s objective is to empirically evaluate the theoretical relationships of the [a] Medication Experience, [b] Patient-Centeredness and other relevant component concepts from pharmaceutical care (i.e., [c] Therapeutic Relationship, [d] Patient-specific preferences for achieving goals of therapy and resolving drug therapy problems) so as to provide practice-based insights. This is achieved using a secondary analysis of 213 excerpts generated from in-depth semi-structured interviews with a national sample of pharmacists and patients about Patient-Centeredness in pharmacist practice. The four component concepts (i.e., a–d) related to the objective were examined and interpreted using a novel 3-archetype heuristic (i.e., Partner, Client and Customer) revealing common practice-based themes related to care preferences and expectations in collaborative goal setting, enduring relationships, value co-creation and evolving patient expectations during challenging medical circumstances. Most practice-based insights were generated within the Partner archetype, likely reflecting high congruence with pharmacist and patient responses related to the Medication Experience and Therapeutic Relationship. The practice-based insights may be especially useful for new practitioners and students accelerating their advancement in providing effective and efficient Patient-Centered Care.

scholarly journals Utilisation of pain counselling in osteopathic practice: secondary analysis of a nationally representative sample of Australian osteopaths

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Fitzgerald ◽  
Brett Vaughan ◽  
Michael Fleischmann ◽  
Shane Pritchard ◽  
Jane Mulcahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Guideline Recommendation ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Practice Characteristics ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Evidence Based Care

AbstractObjectivesAdvice, reassurance and education are recommended as first line treatments for musculoskeletal pain conditions such as low back pain. Osteopaths are registered primary contact allied health professionals in the Australian healthcare system who primarily manage acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions. This study aimed to investigate the proportion of Australian osteopaths who do and do not utilise advice, reassurance and education (pain counselling) in their clinical practice, and determine the characteristics associated with the frequency of using pain counselling in clinical practice.MethodsA secondary analysis of practice characteristics from a nationally representative sample of Australian osteopaths was undertaken. Participants completed a 27-item practice characteristics questionnaire between July-December 2016. Bivariate analyses were used to identify significant variables for inclusion in a backward multiple logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated for significant variables.ResultsResponses were received from 991 Australian osteopaths, representing 49% of the profession. Of these 264 (26.64%) indicated often utilising pain counselling, and 727 (73.36%) reported not often utilising pain counselling. Those who utilised pain counselling were more than twice as likely to report research evidence had a high impact on their clinical practice (OR 2.11), and nearly twice as likely to discuss physical activity with their patients (OR 1.84).ConclusionsPain counselling is under-utilised by nearly three quarters of the Australian osteopathic profession as a management strategy. Future studies are required to explore the reasons why most in the profession comprised in this sample are infrequently utilising this guideline recommendation. Given the frequency of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions presenting to Australian osteopaths, strategies appear to be needed to advance the profession via professional development in accessing and using evidence-based care for pain conditions.

scholarly journals Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Randles ◽  
Steven J. Heine ◽  
Michael Poulin ◽  
Roxane Cohen Silver
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Over Time

Many studies find that when made to feel uncertain, participants respond by affirming importantly held beliefs. However, while theories argue that these effects should persist over time for highly disruptive experiences, almost no research has been performed outside the lab. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national sample of U.S. adults ( N = 1,613) who were followed longitudinally for 3 years. Participants reported lifetime and recent adversities experienced annually, as well as their opinions on a number of questions related to intergroup hostility and aggression toward out-groups, similar to those used in many lab studies of uncertainty. We anticipated that those who had experienced adversity would show more extreme support for their position. There was a positive relationship between adversity and the tendency to strongly affirm and polarize their positions. Results suggest that adverse life events may lead to long-lasting changes in one’s tendency to polarize one’s political attitudes.

A Decade of Decline in Serious Cognitive Problems Among Older Americans: A Population-Based Study of 5.4 Million Respondents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Katherine Marie Ahlin
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Background: Numerous studies suggest the prevalence of dementia has decreased over the past several decades in Western countries. Less is known about whether these trends differ by gender or age cohort, and if generational differences in educational attainment explain these trajectories. Objective: 1) To detect temporal trends in the age-sex-race adjusted prevalence of serious cognitive problems among Americans aged 65+; 2) To establish if these temporal trends differ by gender and age cohort; 3) To examine if these temporal trends are attenuated by generational differences in educational attainment. Methods: Secondary analysis of 10 years of annual nationally representative data from the American Community Survey with 5.4 million community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults aged 65+. The question on serious cognitive problems was, “Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?” Results: The prevalence of serious cognitive problems in the US population aged 65 and older declined from 12.2%to 10.0%between 2008 and 2017. Had the prevalence remained at the 2008 levels, there would have been an additional 1.13 million older Americans with serious cognitive problems in 2017. The decline in memory problems across the decade was higher for women (23%) than for men (13%). Adjusting for education substantially attenuated the decline. Conclusion: Between 2008 and 2017, the prevalence of serious cognitive impairment among older Americans declined significantly, although these declines were partially attributable to generational differences in educational attainment.

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