Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction through two-dimensional multiresolution backprojection steps according to Marr’s method

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 037003
Author(s):  
George C. Anastassopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional

Three-Dimensional CT Reconstruction in Midfacial Surgery

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Marentette ◽  
Robert H. Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Skeletal Deformity ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
Two Dimensional Image

Correct preoperative planning is an essential aspect of any surgical procedure and it is equally important when midfacial reconstruction is contemplated. Conventional methods include standard radiographic views, plain tomography, photography, and computerized tomography. All of these methods produce a two-dimensional image of the patient. Three-dimensional computerized tomographic reconstruction allows the surgeon to visualize the entire facial skeletal deformity. The three-dimensional image produced also allows comparison of the deformity to surrounding normal structures, and thus makes the correction of facial asymmetries more precise. This new modality is particularly useful in the preoperative planning for patients with zygomaticomaxillary defects that result from either trauma or maxillectomy. Illustrative examples of patients in whom autogenous bone graft zygomaticomaxillary reconstruction was performed, after trauma and subsequent to subtotal maxillectomy, are presented. The amount and exact placement of the grafts was determined preoperatively from the analysis of the three-dimensional CT reconstruction, and the surgical planning was thereby simplified.

scholarly journals Bayesian reconstruction of images of objects with high-density inclusions with suppression of artifacts

2018 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 05017
Author(s):  
Sergei Zolotarev ◽  
Valery Vengrinovich ◽  
Mohsen Mirzavand ◽  
Mieteeg Mukhtar ◽  
Ivan Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Original Method ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Bayesian Reconstruction ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
High Density Region

The technology of three-dimensional Bayesian tomographic reconstruction of homogeneous objects with high-density inclusions is developed. The approach is based on preliminary correction of projections by extracting the data corresponding to X-rays passing through a high-density region, and replacing it with synthesized data obtained by two-dimensional interpolation. An original method for selecting interpolation points is proposed and a mathematical algorithm is described that ensures the implementation of two-dimensional interpolation correction of projections.

A Tomographic Reconstruction Method for Three-Dimensional Liquid Crystal Thermography

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mishra ◽  
P. M. Lutjen ◽  
V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Crystal Thermography

Abstract Liquid crystal thermography generates two-dimensional temperature information in a fluid layer. Three-dimensional temperature field can be reconstructed using the two-dimensional temperature fields obtained at various locations with the help of synchronized transverse movements of the light sheet and camera (Lutjen et al., 1999). However, it is not feasible to generate a large number of liquid crystal thermographs that are needed for the reconstruction of a high resolution three-dimensional temperature field. A tomographic reconstruction method is suggested here that can be appropriately used to produce a high resolution three-dimensional reconstruction from a limited number of two-dimensional images of the full temperature field. The two-dimensional temperature fields generated from the experiments can be used to obtain an integrated information of the three-dimensional field from various directions known as projections of the actual three-dimensional field and can be used to reconstruct a high resolution volumetric temperature field.

scholarly journals Electron tomography, three-dimensional Fourier analysis and colour prediction of a three-dimensional amorphous biophotonic nanostructure

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D Shawkey ◽  
Vinodkumar Saranathan ◽  
Hildur Pálsdóttir ◽  
John Crum ◽  
Mark H Ellisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Voltage Electron

Organismal colour can be created by selective absorption of light by pigments or light scattering by photonic nanostructures. Photonic nanostructures may vary in refractive index over one, two or three dimensions and may be periodic over large spatial scales or amorphous with short-range order. Theoretical optical analysis of three-dimensional amorphous nanostructures has been challenging because these structures are difficult to describe accurately from conventional two-dimensional electron microscopy alone. Intermediate voltage electron microscopy (IVEM) with tomographic reconstruction adds three-dimensional data by using a high-power electron beam to penetrate and image sections of material sufficiently thick to contain a significant portion of the structure. Here, we use IVEM tomography to characterize a non-iridescent, three-dimensional biophotonic nanostructure: the spongy medullary layer from eastern bluebird Sialia sialis feather barbs. Tomography and three-dimensional Fourier analysis reveal that it is an amorphous, interconnected bicontinuous matrix that is appropriately ordered at local spatial scales in all three dimensions to coherently scatter light. The predicted reflectance spectra from the three-dimensional Fourier analysis are more precise than those predicted by previous two-dimensional Fourier analysis of transmission electron microscopy sections. These results highlight the usefulness, and obstacles, of tomography in the description and analysis of three-dimensional photonic structures.

High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
T.W. Jeng ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Complex Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

Instrumentation For Quantitative Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
B. Ralph ◽  
A.R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Automatic Data Collection ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

In all fields of microscopy there is an increasing interest in the quantification of microstructure. This interest may stem from a desire to establish quality control parameters or may have a more fundamental requirement involving the derivation of parameters which partially or completely define the three dimensional nature of the microstructure. This latter categorey of study may arise from an interest in the evolution of microstructure or from a desire to generate detailed property/microstructure relationships. In the more fundamental studies some convolution of two-dimensional data into the third dimension (stereological analysis) will be necessary.In some cases the two-dimensional data may be acquired relatively easily without recourse to automatic data collection and further, it may prove possible to perform the data reduction and analysis relatively easily. In such cases the only recourse to machines may well be in establishing the statistical confidence of the resultant data. Such relatively straightforward studies tend to result from acquiring data on the whole assemblage of features making up the microstructure. In this field data mode, when parameters such as phase volume fraction, mean size etc. are sought, the main case for resorting to automation is in order to perform repetitive analyses since each analysis is relatively easily performed.

A linearity test for thick specimens imaged by HVEM over a 180° angular range

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angular Range ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Line Integral ◽  
Exponential Law ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Absorption Law ◽  
Linearity Test

The image obtained in a transmission electron microscope is the two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional (3D) object. The 3D reconstruction of the object can be calculated from a series of projections by back-projection, but this algorithm assumes that the image is linearly related to a line integral of the object function. However, there are two kinds of contrast in electron microscopy, scattering and phase contrast, of which only the latter is linear with the optical density (OD) in the micrograph. Therefore the OD can be used as a measure of the projection only for thin specimens where phase contrast dominates the image. For thick specimens, where scattering contrast predominates, an exponential absorption law holds, and a logarithm of OD must be used. However, for large thicknesses, the simple exponential law might break down due to multiple and inelastic scattering.

An Image Reconstruction System Applied to High Voltage Microscopy

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
D. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Fourier Methods ◽  
Tilt Series ◽  
Methods Of Reconstruction

Increased specimen penetration; the principle advantage of high voltage microscopy, is accompanied by an increased need to utilize information on three dimensional specimen structure available in the form of two dimensional projections (i.e. micrographs). We are engaged in a program to develop methods which allow the maximum use of information contained in a through tilt series of micrographs to determine three dimensional speciman structure.In general, we are dealing with structures lacking in symmetry and with projections available from only a limited span of angles (±60°). For these reasons, we must make maximum use of any prior information available about the specimen. To do this in the most efficient manner, we have concentrated on iterative, real space methods rather than Fourier methods of reconstruction. The particular iterative algorithm we have developed is given in detail in ref. 3. A block diagram of the complete reconstruction system is shown in fig. 1.

Computer Assisted Image Reconstruction of Oligomer Structure

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
A.M. Jones ◽  
A. Max Fiskin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Computer Assisted Image ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Space Approach

If the tilt of a specimen can be varied either by the strategy of observing identical particles orientated randomly or by use of a eucentric goniometer stage, three dimensional reconstruction procedures are available (l). If the specimens, such as small protein aggregates, lack periodicity, direct space methods compete favorably in ease of implementation with reconstruction by the Fourier (transform) space approach (2). Regardless of method, reconstruction is possible because useful specimen thicknesses are always much less than the depth of field in an electron microscope. Thus electron images record the amount of stain in columns of the object normal to the recording plates. For single particles, practical considerations dictate that the specimen be tilted precisely about a single axis. In so doing a reconstructed image is achieved serially from two-dimensional sections which in turn are generated by a series of back-to-front lines of projection data.

Design and calibration of an IVEM for general 3-dimensional imaging of non-diffracting materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1040-1041
Author(s):  
Neil Rowlands ◽  
Jeff Price ◽  
Michael Kersker ◽  
Seichi Suzuki ◽  
Steve Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Digital Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Mechanical Stage ◽  
Projection Angle

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure visualization on the electron microscope requires that the sample be tilted to different positions to collect a series of projections. This tilting should be performed rapidly for on-line stereo viewing and precisely for off-line tomographic reconstruction. Usually a projection series is collected using mechanical stage tilt alone. The stereo pairs must be viewed off-line and the 60 to 120 tomographic projections must be aligned with fiduciary markers or digital correlation methods. The delay in viewing stereo pairs and the alignment problems in tomographic reconstruction could be eliminated or improved by tilting the beam if such tilt could be accomplished without image translation.A microscope capable of beam tilt with simultaneous image shift to eliminate tilt-induced translation has been investigated for 3D imaging of thick (1 μm) biologic specimens. By tilting the beam above and through the specimen and bringing it back below the specimen, a brightfield image with a projection angle corresponding to the beam tilt angle can be recorded (Fig. 1a).

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