Effects of Motor Skill Instruction on Fundamental Motor Skill Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline D. Goodway ◽  
Heather Crowe ◽  
Phillip Ward
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Instructional Program ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Time Interaction

The influence of a 9-week instructional program on locomotor and object control skill development of preschoolers who are at risk of developmental delay was investigated. The motor skill instruction group (n = 33) received 18, 35-min lessons; the comparison group (n = 30) received the regular prekindergarten program. Pre and posttest scores on the locomotor and object control subscales of the Test of Gross Motor Development (Ulrich, 1985) were obtained. A Group by Gender MANOVA with repeated measures yielded a significant Group by Time interaction. The intervention group performed significantly better than the comparison group from pre to posttest for both locomotor and object control skills. Additionally, this group had significantly higher posttest scores than the comparison group.

scholarly journals Impact of Exergaming on Children’s Motor Skill Competence and Health-Related Fitness: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyue Ye ◽  
Jung Lee ◽  
David Stodden ◽  
Zan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Motor Skill Competence ◽  
Health Related Fitness

This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of a combined exergaming and physical education (PE) program on children’s motor skill competence (MSC) and health-related fitness (HRF) as compared to traditional PE. A total of 261 second- and third-grade children (127 boys; 8.25 ± 0.66 years for male; 8.29 ± 0.74 years for female; 73.6% non-Hispanic white) participated in the nine-month study from 2012 to 2013. Children were assigned to one of the two groups: (a) intervention group (125 min of alternating PE and exergaming weekly); and (b) comparison group (125-min weekly PE). MSC was assessed via product scores in two locomotor and two object control skills. HRF included the cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, and body mass index (BMI). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to analyze the effect of the combined exergaming–PE program on children’s MSC and HRF. There were significant group by time interaction effects for BMI, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.20; musculoskeletal fitness, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.13; and object control skills (the comparison group demonstrating greater improvement), p = 0.01, η2 = 0.03. The findings suggest that the combined exergaming program can have a positive effect on children’s BMI and musculoskeletal fitness, indicating that exergaming can be an alternative school-based program to supplement traditional PE.

An Inclusive Mastery Climate Intervention and the Motor Skill Development of Children with and Without Disabilities

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
Mary E. Rudisill
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
Motor Skill Development ◽  
Before And After

The intent of this study was to examine how students (ages 5.9 to 10.9 years) with and without disabilities benefit from an inclusive mastery climate intervention. Participants were randomly distributed into intervention (19 participants with disabilities and 31 participants without disabilities) and comparison (17 participants with disabilities and 37 without disabilities) groups. Participants performed the Test of Gross Motor Development before and after the intervention. The analyses revealed that children with and without disabilities who received the 12-week intervention demonstrated significant improvement in motor skill performance from pre- to post- intervention while the comparison group did not. These findings suggest that the mastery climate intervention provided similar learning opportunities for students with and without disabilities.

scholarly journals A Follow-Up Study of Motor Skill Development and Its Determinants in Preschool Children from Middle-Income Family

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Yanjie Chen ◽  
Jianing Liu ◽  
Huanhuan Sun ◽  
Weizhen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Motor Skill Development

We tracked the motor skill development of young children aged 3–6 years and investigated the influence of middle-income home environment on the development of motor skill. 268 children were selected from kindergartens in Beijing. The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) tool was used to test the development of locomotor and object-control skills (LS and OS), and a survey of children’s behaviour and home environment was conducted. During the follow-up, the LS and OS of children aged 3–6 years continued to grow, with an annual growth rate of 20% and 30%. Five LS indicators and two OS indicators were significantly higher in the 3–4-year group than in the 4–5 and 5–6-year groups ( p < 0.01 ). The age-sex trend model showed that girls’ locomotor skill developed at a significantly higher rate than that of boys ( β = 6.3004 and 4.6782, p < 0.001 ). Three-year-old boys performed significantly better than girls on object-control motor skill ( p < 0.05 ). Factors affecting the rate of children’s motor skill development in middle-income families included the frequency of playing with friends ( β = 0.133 , p = 0.032 ) and the frequency of bicycling, skateboarding, dancing, running, and jumping ( β = 0.041 , p = 0.042 ). Family income, parents’ education level, and family activity area did not significantly affect the growth rate of motor skills. For middle-income families, the improvement of material environment at home like more playing spaces and toys did not speed up the motor development, while more opportunities to play with friends and engage in a variety of sports activities could promote children’s motor skill development.

Fundamental Motor Skill Performance of Indigenous and Nonindigenous Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Marcelo Gonçalves Duarte ◽  
Glauber Carvalho Nobre ◽  
Thábata Viviane Brandão Gomes ◽  
Rodolfo Novelino Benda
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Overhand Throwing

Background: Studies related to the motor performance of children have suggested an interaction between organisms and the environment. Although motor development seems to be similar among people, the behavior is specific to the context that people are part of. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the fundamental motor skill performance between indigenous (IN) and nonindigenous children. Methods: One hundred and thirteen children (43 IN and 70 nonindigenous children) between 8 and 10 years of age underwent the Test of Gross Motor Development—2. Results: A multivariate analysis showed a significant group main effect on both locomotor (p < .01) and object control (p < .01) performance with large and medium effect sizes ( values = .57–.40, respectively). The IN showed the highest scores for galloping, hopping, leaping, jumping, sliding, striking a stationary ball, stationary dribbling, catching a ball, kicking, and overhand throwing (p < .01) with small to large effect sizes ( values = .05–.50). Conclusion: The IN presented the highest levels of performance in fundamental motor skills compared with those of nonindigenous children. Most likely, IN have more opportunities for motor development in the environmental context (i.e., villages) where they live.

Effectiveness of a Care Delivery Model for High-Need Older Adults in Communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 104973152098235
Author(s):  
Kuei-Min Chen ◽  
Hui-Fen Hsu ◽  
Li-Yen Yang ◽  
Chiang-Ching Chang ◽  
Yu-Ming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Delivery Model ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Care Delivery Model

Purpose: This study aimed to test the effectiveness of High-Need Community-Dwelling Older Adults Care Delivery Model (HCOACDM) in Taiwan. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial with repeated measures design was conducted in eight community care centers, involving 145 high-need older adults who were assigned to the intervention group or comparison group. The HCOACDM was provided over 6 months. Functional ability, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and health care and social service utilizations were measured at baseline, at 3 months, and 6 months into the intervention. The participants’ satisfaction was measured at the end of 6-month intervention. Results: Positive effects were shown on all variables in the intervention group at both the 3-month and 6-month intervals (all p < .05). The intervention group had a higher satisfaction with care delivery than the comparison group ( p < .05). Discussion: The promising findings supported a long-term implementation of the HCOACDM as applicable and beneficial.

scholarly journals Development of fundamental motor skills in children of a public school in the city of Sao Paulo

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Decio Rodrigues ◽  
Eric Leal Avigo ◽  
Jose Angelo Barela
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Fundamental Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill Development

BACKGROUND: One common observation is that Brazilian children are failing to achieve the expected proficiency, regarding the chronological age, in performing gross motor skills. PURPOSE: The aim was to verify the development of fundamental motor skills of 6- and 9-year-old children from a public school of São Paulo city. METHOD: Eight two children were selected from the first and fourth Elementary year, 40 children from the first grade (6.6 year-old, 20 boys and 20 girls) and 42 children from the fourth grade (9.2 year-old, 21 boys and 21 girls). Children were videotaped performing the Test of Gross Motor Development tasks, locomotor and object-control subtests. Three experimenters inspected the video images and rated the children’s performance following the suggested criteria. RESULTS: Nine-year-old children were advanced in fundamental motor skill performance compared to 6-year-old, but children from both age groups are delayed to the expected fundamental motor skill development. Moreover, the developmental delay is even worse as chronological age increases, with 6-year-old rated as poor whereas 9-year-old children are rated as very poor in fundamental motor skill development. CONCLUSION: These results raise several concerns regarding the importance of mastering the basic motor skills and future enrolment in motor activities.

Early motor development in infants with moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S.B. DeMauro ◽  
M. Burkhardt ◽  
A. Wood ◽  
K. Nilan ◽  
E.A. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition

BACKGROUND: Timely development of early motor skills is essential for later skill development in multiple domains. Infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have significant risk for developmental delays. Early motor skill development in this population has not been described. The aim of the present study was to characterize motor skill acquisition at 3 and 6 months corrected age (CA) and assess trajectories of skill development over this time period in infants with severe BPD. METHODS: We performed a single-center, retrospective descriptive study. Motor skills were categorized as present and normal, present but atypical, or absent at 3 and 6 months CA. Logistic regression was used to identify clinical characteristics associated with negative trajectories of skill acquisition. RESULTS: Data were available for 232 infants and 187 infants at 3 and 6 months CA, respectively. Ten motor skills were present and normal in 5–44%(range) of subjects at 3 months. Nineteen motor skills were present and normal in 1–63%(range) of subjects at 6 months. Significant postural asymmetry was noted throughout the study period. Loss of skills and worsening asymmetries over time were common. Exposure to sedating medications was significantly associated with poor development. CONCLUSION: We report delays in motor skill acquisition and postural asymmetries in infants with severe BPD at both 3 and 6 months CA. The association between sedating medications and poor development suggests that efforts to limit these exposures may lead to improved development. Targeted interventions to facilitate early motor development may improve outcomes of this high-risk population.

Abstract P76: Effect of Patient Activation on Self-Management Behaviors in Heart Failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Shively ◽  
Nancy Gardetto ◽  
Mary Kodiath ◽  
Ann Kelly ◽  
Tom Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Patient Activation ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

Background Disease management and chronic care models have evidenced success with heart failure (HF) patients but have not fully explored patients' engagement/activation in self- care. Objective Determine efficacy of a patient activation intervention (Heart PACT Program) compared to usual care on activation and self-care management in HF. Methods This study was a 4-year, randomized, 2-group, repeated-measures design (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months). Following consent, 84 patients were stratified by activation level and randomly assigned to usual care (n = 41), or usual care plus the activation intervention (n = 43). The primary outcome variables were patient activation using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) (Hibbard et al., 2005), and self-care using the Self-Care for Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) (Riegel et al., 2004) and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Specific Adherence Scale. The intervention consisted of individual meetings and phone call follow-up over 6 months based on the patient's level of activation: stage 1 or 2 (low activation), stage 3 (medium), or stage 4 (high) as assessed by the patient's self-report PAM score and brief interview. The leaders collaborated with patients to improve activation and self-management of HF: adhering to medications; monitoring weight, blood pressure, and symptoms; and implementing health behavior goals. Findings Participants were primarily male (99%), Caucasian (77%), and classified as NYHA III (52%). The mean age was 66 years (SD 11). The majority (71%) of participants reported 3 or more comorbid conditions. The intervention group compared to the usual care group showed a significant increase in activation/PAM scores from baseline to 6 months (significant group by time interaction linear contrast, F=16.90, p=.02). Although the baseline MOS mean was lower in the intervention group, results revealed a significant group by time effect (F=9.16, p = .001) with the intervention group improving more over time. There were no significant group by time interactions for the SCHFI. Conclusion Patient activation can be improved through targeted intervention. The patient activation model has the potential to change approaches to tailored patient education for self-management in heart failure.

scholarly journals Analysis of Motor Intervention Program on the Development of Gross Motor Skills in Preschoolers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4891
Author(s):  
Cecilia Ruiz-Esteban ◽  
Jaime Terry Andrés ◽  
Inmaculada Méndez ◽  
Ángela Morales
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Psychomotor Tests ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
Leg Coordination ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to investigate the influence of a structured movement activity program on the motor development of children aged three to five years attending preschool. Participants were 136 preschool students with normative development at three to four years old who lived in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The McCarthy Children’s Psychomotricity and Aptitude Scales (MSCA) battery of psychomotor tests was used to evaluate the motor development profiles of preschoolers before and after the intervention. The sample was divided into two groups: an intervention group (28 students) and a comparison group (108 students). A structured 24 week physical education program was used in the intervention group. An experiential program based on free play was used in the comparison group during the same period. Preschoolers in both groups got a significant improvement in the contrast of pre-intervention with post-intervention in limb coordination. Statistically significant differences in the post-intervention measurements between the comparison group and the intervention group on arm and leg coordination were observed, whereby the intervention group presented higher arm coordination values (F1,134 = 14,389, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.097) and higher leg coordination values (F1,134 = 19,281, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.126) than the comparison group. It was pointed out that structured physical activity education is better educational methodology than free play to achieve adequate motor development in preschool children.

scholarly journals Relationship between breast feeding and motor development in children: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monserrat Hernández Luengo ◽  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
Diana P Pozuelo-Carrascosa ◽  
Carlos Berlanga-Macías ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Motor Skill Development

IntroductionThe recommendations of most health organisations encourage mothers to keep exclusive breast feeding during the first 6 months and combining breast feeding with complementary feeding at least during the first and second years, due to the numerous immunologic, cognitive developmental and motor skill benefits that breast feeding confers. Although the influence of breast feeding on motor development during childhood has been studied, the findings are inconsistent, and some studies have even reported no effect. This manuscript presents a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis, with the aim of reviewing the relationship between breast feeding and motor skill development in children in terms of duration, exclusivity or non-exclusivity of breast feeding.Methods and analysisThe search will be conducted using Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2019. Observational studies (cross-sectional and follow-up studies) written in English or Spanish that investigate the association between breast feeding and motor development in children will be included. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. The Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies and The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for longitudinal studies will be used to assess the quality of included studies. The effect of breast feeding on motor skill development will be calculated as the primary outcome. Subgroup analyses will be carried out based on the characteristics of motor skill development and the population included.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because the data used will be obtained from published studies, and there will be no concerns about privacy. The findings from this study will be relevant information regarding the association of breast feeding with motor development in children and could be used encourage to improve breastfeeding rates. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093706.

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