L-Lactic Acid’s Improvement of Swimming Endurance in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Zhang ◽  
Nobuya Shirai ◽  
Hiramitsu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Swimming Endurance ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L-lactic acid on swimming endurance of mice. Mice (n = 50) were injected intraperitoneally with saline, then with L-lactic acid (either 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg body weight), then after 2 days with the same doses of glucose, and after another 2 days again with L-lactic acid at the same doses. Swimming times to exhaustion were determined at 30 min after each injection, in a tank filled with 25 cm of water maintained at 23 °C. After another week, mice were given either saline, L-lactic acid, or glucose (25 or 50 mg/kg) dissolved in saline and sacrificed after 30 min for biochemical analyses. The ratios of swimming times of L-lactic acid or glucose injections to saline injection were calculated as an index for endurance changes. Swimmingtime ratios for mice injected with L-lactic acid were significantly higher at either dose than for those injected with the corresponding doses of glucose (p < .05). The ratio of swimming time was greater in those given a dose of 50 mg/kg than in those given 25 mg/kg for mice in the L-lactic acid groups (p < .05) but not in the groups given glucose. There were no marked differences in biochemical parameters of plasma and muscle lactate, muscle and liver glycogen, or plasma glucose and nonesterified fatty acid between the L-lactic acid, glucose, and saline injection groups. These results suggest that L-lactic acid can enhance swimming endurance of mice and that this action is dose dependent.

Some factors which are correlated with swimming capacity in guinea pigs

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Wilber
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Swimming Capacity

Guinea pigs were forced to swim to exhaustion under various experimental conditions. Electrocardiograms taken on some animals showed T waves with high amplitude and take-off. Ventricular fibrillation was never observed. The length of swim in guinea pigs varied inversely with the logarithm of the rate of change of rectal temperature. Liver glycogen was found to decrease markedly after forced swimming. Blood glucose values showed no clear pattern of change. Blood lactic acid values at termination were elevated by at least 50 mg/100 ml. Swimming time was found to vary inversely with the logarithm of the rate of change of blood lactic acid. Swimming time was decreased significantly if the animals were forced to bear a load. At 20° and 30℃ bath temperature, the ST50 (reduction of swimming time to 50% of control) was obtained with a load equal to about 2.5% of the body weight. If guinea pigs were forced to swim in groups rather than alone, about 70% showed a decrease of at least 50% in expected swimming time. It is suggested that small mammals should be forced to swim singly rather than in groups to obtain precise results. Submitted on July 30, 1958

The Anti-Fatigue Effect of Black Soybean Peptide in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1475-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Li ◽  
En Qi Liu ◽  
Yong Hua Wu ◽  
Shang Long Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Black Soybean ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Fatigue Effect ◽  
Active Peptides ◽  
Activity Evaluation

The anti-fatigue activity evaluation was carried out with black soybean peptide in mice. The results show that, the middle and high dose active peptides can significantly （P＜0.01） prolong swimming time, blood lactic acid can be reduced notable （P＜0.01）, and improving the liver glycogen storage status greatly （P＜0.01） by infusing with black soybean peptide. The results suggest that black soybean peptide has obvious anti-fatigue effect, and the anti-fatigue action will improve by increasing dose.

scholarly journals PO-255 Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Maca Polysaccharides and Evaluation of its Anti-fatigue Ability

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baofeng Bai ◽  
Shilin Li
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Ultrasonic Extraction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Different Doses

Objective The aim of this study was to establish the optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharides of Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) and explore its anti-fatigue ability of exhaustive exercise rats. Methods Response surface methodology, based on Box-Behnken design, was used to optimize of ultrasonic extraction conditions of maca polysaccharides.Three independent variables (ratio of water to raw material, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature) were taken into consideration. Subsequently, 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, negative control group, low dose group (ML, 130mg/Kg.bw/d), middle dose group (MM, 270mg/Kg.bw/d), high dose group (MH, 800mg/Kg.bw/d). After continuous oral gavage for 30 days, 10 rats were randomly selected from each group to measure the liver glycogen, and the remaining 40 were used to determine the exhaustion swimming time, biochemical indicators of exercise capacity in rats. Results 1. The best extracting method the ratio of material to liquid 1:22g/ml, ultrasonic time was 28min, ultrasonic temperature was 59 degrees centigrade, the extraction rate was 17.6754%. 2. Both middle and high doses of maca polysaccharides could significantly improve the swimming time of exhausted rats. 3. The maca polysaccharides group (ML, MM, MH) could effectively inhibit the growth of lactic acid in rats and accelerated the elimination of lactic acid. The effect of high dose MH group was the most obvious(P＜0.05). 4. The content of BUN in swimming rats was reduced by different doses of maca polysaccharides. High dose of maca polysaccharides on reducing the content of MDA was the most significant(P＜0.05). 6. Different doses of maca polysaccharides increased liver glycogen storage in rats, the high dose of maca polysaccharides to improve the effect of liver glycogen content of rats was the most significantly(P＜0.05). Conclusions 1. The optimum extraction conditions of maca polysaccharides was as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1:22g/ml, the ultrasonic time was 30min, the ultrasonic temperature was 60, and the extraction rate was 17.6754%. 2. Maca polysaccharides could improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, improve energy reserves; prolonged exhaustive swimming time.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical, Biochemical and Microbiological Markers Related to Dental Caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6049
Author(s):  
Maria D Ferrer ◽  
Salvadora Pérez ◽  
Aránzazu López Lopez ◽  
José Luis Sanz ◽  
Maria Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Caries Lesions

Our aim was to evaluate clinical, biochemical and microbiological markers related to dental caries in adults. A sample that consisted of 75 volunteers was utilized. The presence of caries and the presence of plaque and gingival indices were determined. Unstimulated salivary flow, pH, lactate, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus dentisani were measured in the participants’ plaque and saliva samples before and after rinsing with a sugar solution. Lactate in plaque was found to be significantly related to age, gender, tooth-brushing frequency, the presence of cavitated caries lesions and plaque and gingival indices (p < 0.05). The levels of S. dentisani in plaque increased significantly with tooth-brushing frequency (p = 0.03). Normalized plaque S. dentisani values and the percentage of S. dentisani were slightly higher in patients with basal lactic acid levels ≤ 50 mg/L. After rinsing with a sugary solution, the percentage of S. mutans levels in plaque were higher in patients with lactic acid levels > 350 mg/L (p = 0.03). Tooth-brushing frequency was the factor which was most associated with oral health. Women reflected better clinical and biochemical parameters than men. Low pH and high lactic acid levels tended to be associated with high caries rates. No association was found between bacteria levels and caries indices.

scholarly journals The role and importance of biochemical markers in diagnosis of alcoholic acute pancreatitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Snezana Tesic-Rajkovic ◽  
Biljana Radovanovic-Dinic ◽  
Tatjana Jevtovic-Stoimenov
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Introduction. Alcoholic acute pancreatitis occurs in 10% of alcoholics, who take more than 80g alcohol daily. Different biochemical markers are used to diagnose acute pancreatitis, and some of them may help in establishing etiology of acute pancreatitis. Material and Methods. This study is a prospective review of 21 patients. All patients were hospitalized at the Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology or at the Department for Surgery of the Clinical Centre of Nis in the period from August 1st 2009 to March 1st 2010 with diagnosis of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Detailed anamnesis, clinical examination, biochemical analyses and ultrasonography of the upper abdomen were done in all patients. All patients provided data on alcohol abuse. Results. The analysis of the corresponding biochemical parameters revealed a statistically significant correlation between the following values: serum amylase and serum lipase (R=0.964674; p<0.001), cholesterol and triglycerides (R=0.93789; p<0.001), total and direct bilirubin (R=0.857899; p<0.001) and between aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (R=0.824461, p<0.001) in patients with alcoholic acute pancreatitis. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between the values of serum amylase and urinary amylase (R=0.582742, p<0.001). Discussion. The analysis of biochemical markers showed that some of them were significant for beforehand diagnosis of alcoholic acute pancreatitis, which is in accordance with other studies. Conclusion Some biochemical parameters can be potential predictors of alcoholic acute pancreatitis (lipase/amylase ratio >2, greater ratio of aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase, enhanced triglycerides and values of mean corpuscular volume.

Effects of a Flavonoid Extract from Cynomorium songaricum on the Swimming Endurance of Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa-Rong Yu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yong-Zhi Cui ◽  
Er-Qing Chan ◽  
Ming-Ren Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Swimming Endurance ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present study investigated the effects of a flavonoid extract from Cynomorium songaricum on the swimming endurance of rats by measuring changes of free radical scavenging enzymes, such as CuZn-SOD (copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase) and GSH-px (glutathione peroxidase), and body weights. Significant and dose-dependent antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects of flavonoids (rutin, catechin and isoquercitrin) on swimming rats were observed during 10 days of swimming exercise. After treatment with the flavonoid extract at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg body weight, the CuZn-SOD and GSH-px activities in swimming rats were increased by 1.4%, 3.3%, 4.1% and 112.2%, 208.7%, 261.7%, respectively, while the levels of MDA (malondialdehyde) were decreased by 64.7%, 79.4%, and 86.4% respectively. Furthermore, the average body weight and the total swimming time were increased by 3.1%, 8.8%, 10.6%, and 7.7%, 34.5%, 61.5%, respectively. Our experimental results suggest that flavonoid supplementation could not only reduce free radical formation and scavenge free radicals, but also enhance endurance exercise performance by reducing muscle fatigue.

scholarly journals Toxicological assessment of the methanolic leaf extract of Bridelia ferrugelia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Abiodun Olusoji Owoade ◽  
◽  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Augustine Ikhueoya Airaodion ◽  
Olufemi Ogundeji Ogundipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity effects of Bridelia ferrugelia leaf extract. Observation of the acute group showed that LD50 of the extract is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The subacute investigation was determined by administering 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract to male Wistar rats for 28 days with distilled water as a control. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as lipid levels of vital organs, were examined. Toxicological evaluation of the extract did not produce any significant change in haematological and biochemical parameters in rats. In addition, blood lipids levels were not significantly affected, while dyslipidaemia effect observed in some vital organs were found to be nonlipotoxic. Administration of Bridelia ferrugelia at a dose of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 28 days resulted in reduction of cardiac cholesterol level by 37.16%, 39.36% and 17.64% respectively, reduction of pulmonary cholesterol by 22.17%, 28.08% and 6.24 % respectively and dose-dependent decrease in pulmonary triglyceride level by 16.17, 29.14 and 54.25% respectively. This study indicates that Bridelia ferrugelia extract administered at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg did not show any toxic effect on the parameters investigated in rats. Thus, the extract can be considered safe when administered orally

Dose-Dependent Effects of the Action of Sulfur Nanoparticles on the Growth Response and Seed Production of Typical Steppe Phytocenoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinaida N. Ryabinina ◽  
Marija V. Ryabukhina ◽  
Maya V. Kolodina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

The article presents the results of a study of typical steppe phytocenoses presented one ecological and biological group - xeromesophyte but different systematic affiliation and forms of life, to the action of sulfur nanoparticles. Results of the study showed a relationship between the concentrations of sulfur nanoparticles and growth responses, biochemical parameters and seed productivity of investigated species

Cinnamomum cassia ameliorates Ni-NPs-induced liver and kidney damage in male Sprague Dawley rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1565-1581
Author(s):  
S Iqbal ◽  
F Jabeen ◽  
C Peng ◽  
MU Ijaz ◽  
AS Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) have been widely used in various industries related to electronics, ceramics, textiles, and nanomedicine. Ambient and occupational exposure to Ni-NPs may bring about potential detrimental effects on animals and humans. Thus, there is a growing effort to identify compounds that can ameliorate NPs-associated pathophysiologies. The present study examined Cinnamomum cassia ( C. cassia) bark extracts (CMBE) for its ameliorative activity against Ni-NPs-induced pathophysiological and histopathological alterations in male Sprague Dawley rats. The biochemical analyses revealed that dosing rats with Ni-NPs at 10 mg/kg/body weight (b.w.) significantly altered the normal structural and biochemical adaptations in the liver and kidney. Conversely, supplementations with CMBE at different doses (225, 200, and 175 mg/kg/b.w. of rat) ameliorated the altered blood biochemistry and reduced the biomarkers of liver and kidney function considerably ( p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. However, the best results were at 225 mg/kg/b.w. of rat. The study provided preliminary information about the protective effect of C. cassia against Ni-NPs indicated liver and kidney damages. Future investigations are needed to explore C. cassia mechanism of action and isolation of single constituents of C. cassia to assess their pharmaceutical importance accordingly.

Biochemical parameters regulating forward motility initiation in vitro in goat immature epididymal spermatozoa

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijay S. Jaiswal ◽  
Gopal C. Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Heat Stable Protein ◽  
Dose Dependent

An investigation was carried out to analyse the biochemical parameters influencing forward motility (FM) initiation in vitro in the goat caput-epididymal immature spermatozoa. Forward motility was induced in approximately 55% of caput-sperm upon incubation in an alkaline (pH 8.0) modified Ringer’s solution containing theophylline (30 mM) (an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase), dialysed epi-didymal plasma (EP) and bicarbonate. Both EP and bicarbonate induced sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner, and at saturating doses EP (0.6 mg protein mL–1) and bicarbonate (25 mM) induced FM in approx-imately 38% and 44% of the cells, respectively. The motility-promoting efficacy of EP was attributed to a heat-stable protein termed ‘forward motility protein’ (FMP). Bicarbonate served as an initiator as well as a stabilizer of FM and its action was not dependent on FMP. FMP can induce FM in the caput-sperm, but it is not essential for sperm motility initiation. Alteration of the medium pH from 6.60 to 8.00 caused a marked increase in the EP or bicarbonate-dependent sperm FM initiation, as well as intrasperm pH. At the physio-logical pH, bicarbonate served as a much more potent motility activator than FMP, although both the motility promoters showed maximal efficacy at alkaline pH (~7.8). EP as well as bicarbonate elevated the intrasperm cyclic AMP level. Unlike EP, bicarbonate is capable of increasing intrasperm pH. The intrasperm pH increased from 6.54 0.02 to 6.77 0.03 during sperm transit from caput to cauda. The data are con-sistent with the view that FMP activates sperm forward motility by enhancing the intrasperm cyclic AMP level and that extracellular bicarbonate and pH play a vital role in the initiation of sperm FM during the epi-didymal transit.

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